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Volleyball is representative net-type ball game in physical education. Many learners have troubles about improvement of the volleyball pass when inexpert teachers of volleyball teach them. Shindo（2003, 2007）clarified the structure of the technique of the overhand pass, and indicated the teaching program about overhand pass skill. The purpose of this study was to clarify the validity of his teaching program about volleyball overhand pass. Subjects were 8 students（university students and graduate students, 3 males and 5 females）who were not specialized for volleyball. The methods were mentioned as below: The height, distance and direction of the ball were analyzed for the quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis of the pass skill was showed by comparing the results of the pre-test and the post-test.“Evaluation of the class”and“Technical points of overhand pass”were showed by the results of the questionnaire survey. The results of this study were as follows: 1） Means of values of the ball height, distance and direction were increased in the post-test. 2） Means of values of subjects’ evaluation score of all technical elements were increased in the post pass skill test. 3） As the result of the questionnaire survey, most subjects realized their own improvement of pass techniques and were positive about the contents of this class. 4） Most subjects were not able to recognize“wrist dorsiflexion”and improvement“rotation movement to the inside of both arms” and“finger extension movement the center of the ball”. This study revealed that inexpert teachers of volleyball was able to use the teaching program by Shindo and this program was effective for improvement of overhand pass skill.

本稿では，戦後の学習指導要領における「ゴール型」ゲームの戦術的内容を示すと考えられる「集団的技能」に着目し，戦術的課題の取り扱いの変遷について検討した。その結果，ボールゲーム指導では一貫して「ゲーム」の質を向上させることが目指されてきており，その中で「集団的技能」は，ボール操作や身体操作の技能である「個人的技能」と「ゲーム」を結びつける媒介項として位置づけられ，この「集団的技能」の位置づけが現行学習指導要領における「ボールを持たないときの動き」として踏襲されていることが明らかになった。そして，戦術的要素である「集団的技能」を容易で単純なものから複雑で難解なものへと線形的に積み上げて全体の「ゲーム」に発展させるように企図されてきたものであるため，「ゲーム」そのものの変容をとらえる観点を見出す必要性があることが示唆された。, This paper considered changes of handling of the tactical subject paying attention to “the collective skill” of the “goal type” game in the curriculum guidelines after the war. As a result, it became clear that teaching of the ball games in the curriculum guidelines had been aimed to improve the quality of“ the games” consistently. In addition, it clarified that“ the collective skills” had been positioned as the medium terms to connect “the game” with “the individual skills” as the skills of the operations of the ball and the physical movements. And, it was suggested that the position of “the collective skills” as the medium terms had been taken over as “off the ball movement” in the current curriculum guidelines. Moreover, because of having divided “the collective skills” into tactical elements, it had been intended to develop “the game” as the whole built up linearly from simple and easy to difficult and complex. However, it was difficult to improve the quality of “the game” actually. Therefore, it was suggested that there is the necessity of finding out the viewpoint which catches the change of not only the tactical element of the ball game but also “the game” as the whole.

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), We compared among the effects of gravitational disturbance before and after conditioned stimuli on acquisition and retention of the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm as a model of emotional learning and memory. When the gravitational disturbance by 3D clinostat was applied between 0.2% sodium saccharin as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an i.p. injection of 0.15 M LiCl as an unconditioned stimulus (US), both acquisition and retention of CTA memory (CTAM) was suppressed. On the other hand, the gravitational disturbance before CS suppressed water-intake but not CTA. Furthermore, after CTAM acquisition with the gravitational disturbance, expression of an immediately early gene, c-fos was expressed in the dorsal tegmental area but not in the vestibular nuclei regardless of presence of gravitational disturbance. These results suggest possibility that the gravitational disturbance by clinostat was not accepted through the vestibular system but directly by the ascending activating system in the brain stem., 共催: 日本学術会議, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113058