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In rural areas, many villages are suffering from underpopulation, aging population. And some villagesare disappeared. Misaki-village in Kami-town, Tajima, a small and inconvenient historical village, has balanced multiple generations and attractive village environment, and good community relationship. We think this is a model of sustainable community. And we searched conditions that make this village sustainable.

Recently, in big cities in Japan, we can see movement of inhabitants from suburb to downtown. Though in local cities, there are still strong movements from the inner-city to the suburbs, we can see a little population increase at one central school-district in Himeji-city. Many of these new-comer residents live in condominiums rather separated from traditional downtown community. In this survey, we could see what kind of family come here from where, and in what kind of reason. And we evaluated this movement for regeneration of downtown.

Nanko-Port-town is a new-town built in 1970s. It has rejected approaching by car, and has no parking place within its site. Therefore, it has realized very green and safe environment especially good for children and aged people, pedestrians and cyclists. This could be a model of a sustainable community and very similar to Car-free Housing projects in Europe. We evaluated this project and sought possible conditions to make it a real Car-free Housing.

日本の学校教育においては、これまで討論形式の授業はあまり取り入れられなかった。通常の授業はあくまでも教師が主体であり、生徒同士のやりとりはごく限られたものであった。しかし、最近になって文部省がコミュニケーション能力と国際理解力に力点を置くようになり、学校教育においてディベートが注目を集めるようになった。そこで、本研究ではATMを用いた高速・広帯域ISDN(B-ISDN)を利用した「中学生による3地点間を結んだ遠隔ディベート」を企画・実施し、その教育効果および問題点について検討した。いくつかの技術的な問題は残されてはいるものの、ディベートがこのシステムに適した活動であり、教育的にも意義深いことであるという結果を得ることができた。今後、日本の生徒と他国の生徒たちとの交流にも役立つ可能性もあることを示唆している。, Debate has long been neglected in the school curriculum in Japan. Even today, most classes in middle school are teacher-centered with only limited interaction among students. However, the nation's Ministry of Education recently acknowledged the importance of improving students' communication skills and increasing students' international understanding. In this regard, debate is now of national importance in the school curriculum in Japan, and the use of the multimedia system MPEG2/ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) for teaching debate could have great significance. This paper reports on experiments in which 'three-site' long-distance debates were conducted by Japanese middle school students on MPEG2/ATM, analyzes the educational values and problems, and finally offers suggestions for further improvements.

〔付記〕本稿は昭和五〇～五二年度科学研究費（総合研究「社会変革と宗教に関する総合的研究」）の補助を受けて、従来からの研究に新たな考察を加えつつ一文にまとめたものである。