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本稿では、近年注目されている、学生の自律的なパフォーマンス改善を促すための学生主体の評価活動について、初学者を対象とする大学の授業にどのように取り入れることが適切か検討した。まず、Tai et al.(2018)の列挙する5つの教育実践のうち、学生主体の評価活動に該当するものを特定した結果、(A)自己評価、(B)ピアレビュー、(C)評価練習の3つとなった。この3つの評価活動の定義および利点・課題を先行研究に基づき整理した上で、3つを組み合わせて授業に取り入れることで、それぞれの課題を補い合うためにそれぞれの利点が活用できる可能性について検討した。これに該当する実践を報告している研究から、授業科目全体の実施手順を抽出し、授業設計の参考となるより具体的な示唆を得ることを目指した。, This paper examines how university instructors who teach beginning students should incorporate student-centered assessment activities into their classes to encourage students to improve their performance autonomously. First, student-centered assessment activities were identified among the five educational practices enumerated by Tai et al. (2018): (A) self-assessment, (B) peer review, and (C) assessment exercises using exemplars. The definitions, benefits, and shortcomings of each assessment activity were identified based on previous research. It was considered that the benefits of (C) could be used to make up for the shortcomings of (B), the benefits of (A) could be used to make up for the shortcomings of (C), and the benefits of (B) could be used to make up for the shortcomings of (A). Therefore, it is suggested that teachers should implement all three assessment activities in their classes for beginning students. The process of the entire course, including the three assessment activities, is discussed to provide useful suggestions for course design.

This study explores graduate students in a master course as well as teacher educator’ learning from each other and how their perspectives changed as they reflected on their shared perspectives of lesson observation through their participation in a physical education lesson study (PELS). The graduate students retained three different perspectives: "viewpoint change type," "viewpoint change type," and "viewpoint increase type. This was influenced by their own expertise and identity, based on their educational experiences. In addition, the influence of the teacher educators was also significant. Furthermore, through the process of PELS and the subsequent dialogue, professional socialization of the graduate students was facilitated by them "learning together." However, it was suggested that their own professional identity may inhibit their learning.

Detection of post-transplant malignant tumors and the analysis of the associated risk factors is important for monitoring the progress after renal transplantation. In this study, we retrospectively examined the medical records of 298 patients who underwent renal transplantation at two facilities in Nagasaki Prefecture (Nagasaki University Hospital and National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center). Of the 298 patients, 45 (15.1%) patients had developed malignant tumors with 50 lesions. The most common type of malignant tumor was skin cancer (eight patients; 17.8%), followed by renal cancer (six patients; 13.3%), and pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, (four patients; 9.0% each). Five patients (11.1%) had multiple cancers, four of whom had skin cancer. The cumulative incidence within 10 and 20 years after renal transplantation was 6.0 and 17.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age at transplantation and administration of cyclosporine and rituximab as risk factors, while multivariate analysis identified age at transplantation and administration of rituximab as independent factors. The administration of rituximab was associated with the development of malignant tumors. However, further investigation is required to establish the association with post-transplant malignant neoplasms.

Microtremor measurements were conducted in the Ujitawara and Wazuka basins, southern part of Kyoto Prefecture. The H/V spectra were obtained at 42 sites in Ujitawara and 37 sites in Wazuka. The peak frequency of H/V spectra was 0.9-1.4 Hz at sites in the western part of the Ujitawara Basin, whereas it was high (7-10 Hz) in the Iwayama area, the eastern part of the basin. The H/V peak frequency was high (2.5-16 Hz) in the valley bottom lowland along the Wazuka River. It was 1.0-2.3 Hz in hills of the Osaka Group, and it indicates that the thickness of sediments deepens towards the Wazukadani Fault. The estimated bedrock depth by the microtremor array survey was 165 m in the western part of the Ujitawara Basin. Small-sized microtremor array surveys were also conducted in the Ujitawara and Wazuka basins. The estimated phase velocities were relatively high, suggesting that the alluvium low-velocity sediments are thin in these two basins.

A total of 100 patients were retrospectively analyzed with magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasonography (MRI-US) fusion biopsy(KOELIS, TRINITY®) at our institution between October 2019 and May 2020. The median patient age was 71 years, median prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 7.4 ng/ml, and median PSA-density was 0.183 mg/ml. Sixty-one of the patients were positive for cancer ; 14 of them were positive by targeted biopsy only, 9 were positive by systematic biopsy only, and 38 were positive by both. Clinically significant prostate cancer (CPSC ; Gleason Score ≥3＋4 and % core ≥50%) was detected by target biopsies in 46 patients and by systematic biopsies in 33 patients. The positive core detection rate for CSPC was 32.5% for targeted biopsies and 7.0% for systematic biopsies(P＜0.0001), with a significantly higher rate for targeted biopsies. These results indicate that in MRI-US fusion biopsy, targeted biopsy has a higher detection rate for cancer and a significantly higher detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer compared with systematic biopsy.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the results and issues of CLIL Taiiku by practicing CLIL in PE classes at two different junior high schools. The goals and contents of the class were set according to the target grade, since different results and issues were obtained from each practice, it may be important to search for appropriate type s of CLIL according to the area, unit, class content, in the future teaching program of CLIL Taiiku

The purpose of this study was to clarify how trainees perceived “student understanding” based learning, in teaching practices within the health and physical education department. A case study was conducted to examine the actual situation of reflection in trainees, who were selected as focus students. Addressing the quality of social relationships, the results showed the need for improved quality relationships between students and teaching materials, from the perspective of "student understanding" through t he teacher student relationship. In addition, the results showed that a teachers’ responsible behavior was perceived as "student understanding," that originated from a receptive attitude. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of self understanding, the results showed that emotional experience as readiness is a factor. The aforementioned information can help infer that, learning through “student understanding” has influenced the emotional aspects of becoming a teacher.

令和4年度宇宙科学に関する室内実験シンポジウム（2023年3月6日-7日. オンライン開催), 2023 Symposium on Laboratory Experiment for Space Science (March 6-7, 2023. Online Meeting), 資料番号:SA6000187011, レポート番号: 11

令和4年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2023年1月12日-13日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)) , 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2022 (January 12-13, 2023. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000184049, STCP-2022-049

本研究は、2018年に寒冷地宮城県の休耕地に試験栽培したチュニジア産オリーブChetoui（シェトウィ）、スペイン産 Arbequina（アルベキナ）、ギリシャ産 Koroneiki（コロネイキ）の葉中ポリフェノールを定量すること、また、オリーブ葉の利活用のための基礎データを得るため、水抽出によるポリフェノールの回収率を調べることを目的とした。オリーブの試験栽培地は、石巻市網地島（ 1 地点）、仙台市国見ケ丘（ 2 地点）の3 地点とし、収穫時期は2021年10月下旬から11月下旬とした。オリーブ葉ポリフェノール含量は3 種全てにおいて、石巻市網地島で栽培したオリーブ（ 3 種の平均値105.6±0.13mgGAE/g-DW）が仙台市国見ケ丘2 地点（ 3 種の平均値73.6±0.15mgGAE/g-DW）に比べて1.4倍多く、有意に高い値を示した。国内外の文献と比較し同程度の定量値であった。オリーブ葉ポリフェノールに着目した場合、石巻市網地島でのオリーブ栽培は適しているものと示唆された。水抽出によるオリーブ葉ポリフェノールの回収率については、水温が高く、滲出時間が長いほど回収率は上がった。室温（24± 2 ℃）の水抽出では10分の滲出時間で20.8%、24時間後で57.9% の回収率であったが、100℃（沸騰水）の場合、10分の滲出時間では73.1%、24時間では78.9% のポリフェノールが回収された。沸騰水を用いることにより、短時間でオリーブ葉中ポリフェノールの抽出が可能であることが分かった。

本研究では小型呼気センサの実現を目指し、10個の反応特性が異なる酸化チタンナノチューブ薄膜ガスセンサを用いて、その応答から多成分混合ガス（一酸化炭素、ヘリウム、酸素、窒素）内の一酸化炭素と酸素の濃度予測を、機械学習アルゴリズムの一つであるニューラルネットワークを用いて行い、隠れ層数の最適数を検討した。学習の結果、一酸化炭素濃度に対して0.001%p、酸素濃度に対して0.01%p の精度で予測可能なニューラルネットワークモデルを得た。また、その予測精度は5 層以上ではほぼ変わらないことが見出されたことから、隠れ層数が5 層程度のニューラルネットワークが最適であると考えられる。

The school education system has been greatly restricted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a teaching program for teaching physical education skills in health and physical education based on the concepts of Distance Education (DE) and Remote Teaching (RT). In the case of applying DE concepts in a field hockey lesson, it was found that students were able to learn how to move without the ball. In the case of applying RT concepts, results were seen in the tasks that were worked on during the school holidays. In the teaching program, the students started to work on the use of ICT by utilizing the findings of DE and RT. It is necessary to further examine the nature of the subject curriculum that reflects these results.

本稿では宮城県石巻市網地島、仙台市青葉区国見ケ丘、東北福祉大学感性福祉研究所中庭においてオリーブの成長度合いが異なる理由を気象データ（気温、湿度、日照量、風速）に着眼して検討した結果を報告する。その結果、湿度については細かな違いは見出されたが、全体としては大きな違いはなかった。それに対して、気温、日照量、風速において網地島の値が他の2 地点よりも高い値となっていた。気温については平均値において1 ℃程度網地島の方が高く、同一県内においても大きな違いがあることがわかった。このことからは気象データを農作物管理に活用するためには、気象庁からのデータのみでなく、田畑に近い地点での測定が必要であることが示唆された。

This study aimed to organize and examine the trend of ethnographic research in education and its use in physical education pedagogy. The results clarified the following points. First, ethnography in education can be applied to describe a wide range of events related to children from the micro to the macro levels; Second, it can be used in physical education pedagogy to approach problems that are difficult to visualize, such as "educational disparities" in physical fitness and disparities in interest regarding exercise, from an academic perspective. Ethnography in physical education pedagogy can be used to investigate the root causes of children's dislike of physical education and exercise, and clarify issues that are not easily revealed, such as dealing with children who do not want to be talked about in terms of gender in physical education, that is, gender binaries. This can be done by observing and analyzing children.

論説(Article)

application/pdf, Numerical scheme for nonlinear hyperbolic evolution equations is made based on the implicit Runge–Kutta method and the Fourier spectral method. The detail discretization processes are discussed in case of one-dimensional Klein-Gordon equations. In conclusion, a numerical scheme with the third-order accuracy is presented. The order of total calculation cost is equal to O(N log2 N). As benchmark results, the relation between the numerical precision and the discretization unit size is demonstrated.

放射線の線量率は通常の実験では数 Gy/min であるが、近年 40 Gy/sec 以上の超高線量率照射で同じ線量を照射しても放射線の生物影響が軽減する効果を FLASH 効果と呼ぶようになっている。FLASH 効果の根底となる詳細なメカニズムはまだ完全に明らかになっていないが、照射領域の酸素枯渇や免疫応答が大きく関与していると言われている。本総説では FLASH 効果研究の歴史から現在までに明らかになっている FLASH 効果のメカニズムについて解説する。

月には，縦孔(Hole)や陥没地形(Pit)が SELENE や LRO のカメラ画像から数多く発見されている．これらの一部では，水平方向に続く地下空洞の存在が確認されており，科学探査や有人基地の候補地として注目されている．本研究では，今後の科学探査や有人基地の候補地選定に活用するために，月に存在する 14 個の縦孔・陥没地形の画像とその諸情報をリスト化した．さらに，SELENE 搭載月レーダーサウンダー(LRS)の観測データをもとに，縦孔や陥没地形周辺の地下空洞の存在可能性について調査した．その結果，縦孔や陥没地形周辺では地下空洞の存在を示すレーダーエコーパターンが数多く存在することが示された．, A lot of holes and pits have been discovered on the Moon by SELENE (Kaguya) / TC and LRO / NAC observations. Some holes have horizontal cavities and are expected as candidate sites for future scientific exploration and lunar base construction. In this research, we checked the TC and NAC image data for 14 holes and pits on the Moon and listed information to narrow down the candidates. We also investigated the distribution of subsurface cavities around the holes and pits based on the echo data acquired by the Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) onboard SELENE. As a result, radar echo patterns suggesting the existences of subsurface cavities have been found a lot., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2130025000, レポート番号: JAXA-RM-21-009

インタビュー

It is necessary to consider coastal dunes in the design of anti-tsunami structures such as seawalls. This experiment has been conducted in Tsunami Generator in DPRI. We have measured the pressure on the seawall induced by 2 types of tsunamis. They were reproduced in different ways, and defined as solitary wave and long wave. The solitary wave has a short duration and steep peak, and the long wave is a current flow accompanied by the long duration. Then, we have investigated the reduction effect of dune topography and the influence of suspended sediment against wave force. Against the wave force by the solitary wave, coastal dune has had the mitigation effect by reducing both of flow velocity and inundation depth. However, costal dune did not affect the force by long wave. Besides, seawall has been received larger pressure and force in the case that the sediment from the dune is concentrated in the tip region of wave.

Microtremor array surveys were conducted to investigate the S-wave velocity structure at fourteen sites in the southern part of the Omi Basin around Lake Biwa. The microtremor array observation at each site consists of several triangular arrays with different radii of circumscribing circles. The phase velocity dispersion curves were obtained by analyzing the vertical components of the observed microtremors using the SPAC method. The S-wave velocity structure model was estimated by modeling the observed phase velocities using the MCMC method. The estimated bedrock depth matches the bedrock depth indicated by the reflection surveys. The information will be useful for improving three-dimensional velocity model in the Omi Basin.

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