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2019, 【要旨】

全体を通してのページ付け : p.171-143

The 2017 Northern Kyushu Rainstorm induced numerous numbers of landslides, which heavily damaged forest, roads, rivers, and houses with 37 fatalities and 4 missing. We investigated landslides using air photographs and high-resolution digital elevation models. Landslides occurred mainly in areas with over 200 mm/3 hr of rainfall. Landslide densities were higher in granodiorite and pelitic schist areas than in areas of volcanic rocks. Landslides were mostly shallow but large landslides occurred in at least two locations, where landslide dams were made. Huge volume of tree logs yielded with rock debris and soil, enlarging the disaster.

The Miao people are an ethnic group distributed throughout the Guizhou, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces in China. Living in Southeast Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, the Miao in Shidong town are famous largely for their magnificent silver accessories and embroidered costumes in the traditional annual festivals, the “Sisters’ ceremony” and the Dragon Boat festival. As a subgroup of the Miao minority, the Miao in Shidong town call themselves “Dam Pu.” From August 25 until September 6, 2017, based on fieldwork and interviews in Shidong town, Southeast Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, the use of dyed materials (using a blue dye, locally called shiny cloth in Chinese) and embroidery was surveyed, in addition to the relationships between them in costume market. Findings from studies of Miao in the cities show that they persistently costume themselves in handmade clothing instead of ready-to-wear clothing, in contrast to the modern transformation of minorities in the general population. While preserving their traditions, how have the Miao people in this region changed during the modernization of China? The region is now government-controlled and tourism plans have been put in place. Considering their tourism role as a sightseeing spectacle, how to accept and deal with changes in the Miao ethnic group during the process of using their national costumes as a tourism resource, and while centering them in the tourism process must be analyzed.

application/pdf, This study evaluates the impact of teacher's supports on high school student's creativity improvement. Existing literatures propose types of teacher's supports that are useful to student's creativity improvement, but they do not prioritize teacher's supports in terms of effectiveness of the creative education and discuss types of supports that are suitable to students in a specific situation. By using survey to attendees and their supervisors of an idea contest for high school students, this study identifies that to improve student's creativity not only letting students keep motivated and giving them useful feedbacks but also making the environment of the students suitable to creativity improvement are effective. This study also identifies that there are significant differences between teacher's supports in classroom activity and extracurricular activity as well as those between group work and individual work. By providing these findings to teachers of creativity education, they can support their students more effectively.

本研究では，この魔鏡の伝統技能をデジタル化技術に取り込み，その新たな手法として5軸制御マシニングセンタを用い，加工物をワンチャックで，切削加工から研磨加工まで一貫して魔鏡を創製するプロセスを提案する．本報でははじめの試みとして，単純模様の創製を対象とし，ボールエンドミルとヘールバイトにより，創製した模様の断面形状を比較し，魔鏡としての性能を評価した．さらに，提案する手法による工程集約型加工への可能性を検討した．．, Recently, with the fabrication of the magic-mirror having the micro C2-continuous surface, it is difficult to hand down magic-mirror fabrication technology, due to downsizing of veteran engineers or even their successors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to digitalize the magic-mirror fabrication technology using a CNC technology. In this report, we focused on the creation of a simple shape, compared the pattern shape created by the ball end mill and the heel bite, evaluated the curvature continuity of the pattern shape, and examined the influence on the magical plane. Furthermore, the possibility of process intensive processing by the proposed method was examined.

修士論文抄録

The year 1964 witnessed a prelude to the severing of diplomatic relationship between Japan and the Republic of China（ROC）,which had been maintained from 1952 to 72. This paper aims to reconsider the nature of the bilateral relationship at the brink of a collapse while examining Japan’s awareness of the importance of the French recognition of the People’s Republic of China, a point that has not been previously analysed. The French recognition surely encouraged restoring the bilateral relationship, while it also accentuated the different perspectives between Japan and ROC. The two countries eventually reached a common ground where they shared a notion of anti－Communism and attempted to revitalise the relationship. The process, however, reveals that the restored friendship would be easily affected by the vicissitudes of international politics.

Previous studies of the traditional Chinese landowner-tenant relationship generally took one of three perspectives known as the ethical perspective, the class perspective, or the economic perspective. However, each of these perspectives only concentrated on one facet of the landowner-tenant relationship. Furthermore, due to the limitations of the historical data, previous studies merely emphasized kangzu incidents as the main form of landowner-tenant disputes. In this paper the author uses the Ba county archive to analyze many lawsuits over rents between landowners and tenants. He thereby finds that kangzu cases only constitute an extremely small proportion of the whole while the vast majority of cases are qianzu 欠租, kenzu 掯租, and pianzu 租租 in villages of Ba county during the Tonzhi era. He then analyzes actual contents of the four types of rent disputes, thereby demonstrating that qianzu means the arrears of rents, kenzu means arrears of rents with inadequate reason, pianzu means refusal to pay rent using a fabrication, and kangzu means the refusal to pay rent and the denial of validity of the rent. Although these distinctions among the four types were meaningful to the people at that time, they may have been ignored in scholarship heretofore. Therefore, we must adopt a new viewpoint in our studies in order to understand the importance and significance of these distinctions. In this paper, the author examines subjective consciousness of the landownertenant relationship at that time in order to establish a new viewpoint from which to study the traditional landowner-tenant relationship in China. He thereby demonstrates that everyone whether landowner, tenant, neighbors and administrative officers commonly interpreted landowner-tenant relationships as a kind of zhu-ke (host and guest) relationships and dealt with related disputes in terms of zhu-ke relationship in Ba county during the Tongzhi era. In a word, a landowner (zhu) and a tenant (ke) understood and conducted affairs concerning landowner-tenant relationship such as payment of rent, reduction of and exemption from rent, and warnings under the ethical rules of the zhu-ke relationship. Then, when viewed from the perspective of the zhu-ke relationship, we can understand the distinctions among the four types and various aspects of landownertenant relationships. Regarding the landowner-tenant relationship as zhu-ke relationship is based on the specific history and society of Ba county during the Qing era, but it may also present a new viewpoint from which to understand social relationships in China after the early modern period., 特集 : 「巴縣檔案」に見る淸代社會と地方行政, Special Edition : Society and Local Administration in the Qing Era as Seen from the Ba County Archive

The Chinese government has created a basic framework for crime prevention via its “Comprehensive Management of Public Security" policy. This framework covers all of society and is a “strike hard" policy aimed to address China's specific crime problems. At present, under the concept of the rule of law, the government is conducting a new round of judicial reform. Crime prevention is also changing to meet the needs of society and the requirements of modern crime prevention. This article will examine the current situation via “the Global Crime Prevention Theory," which focuses on proactive prevention, inactive prevention and reactive prevention. Recent changes in crime prevention in China will also be discussed and comparisons will be made with crime prevention in Japan.

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

本論では、北村謙次郎の短篇小説「苦杯」を取り上げる。この作品は北村が1944年に執筆したもので、『満洲公論』に発表されると同時に、「酒頌」というタイトルで中国語に翻訳され、『芸文志』に掲載された。北村は1904年、東京に生まれた。幼少時に家族と共に関東州の大連に渡ったが、大連中学校（のちの大連一中）卒業後、東京に戻り、青山学院、国学院大学に通いながら文学修業を開始した。井伏鱒二、太宰治などと付き合いながら、『文芸プラニング』、『作品』、『日本浪曼派』など多くの雑誌と関わり、日本文壇に確かな足跡を残した。1937年、北村は満洲国の首都・新京に渡った。そこで彼は雑誌『満洲浪曼』を創刊したり、長篇小説『春聯』を執筆したりして、満洲国唯一の職業作家となった。「苦杯」は、北鉄譲渡の影響を受けた白系ロシア人の人間像を描いた物語である。葡萄酒醸造に専念したカズロフスキーは、北鉄譲渡によって商売が不調になり、自分の葡萄酒を愛飲してくれる友人イワンまで失った。しかし、彼は酒への信仰を貫き、妥協せずに憂鬱の日々を送っている。一方、北鉄譲渡によってソ連に帰国したイワンは7、8年の放浪生活の後、カズロフスキー宅に辿り着いたが、すでに酒を鑑賞する能力を失っていた。その再会の場面では、二人は、ただ葡萄酒を飲み続けているだけだった。「苦杯」が創作された1944年当時、満洲国の文化統制によって、文学者はほとんど自由に創作ができなくなっていた。この小説を通して、北村は時代に対する憤懣を語っている。創作意欲があっても小説を書くことができない、その苦しさは直ちに中国人作家たちの共鳴を呼んだ。それまでは対象に距離を置いた観察者の目で創作してきた北村は、この一篇をもって、従来の創作方法を突破した。執筆者という存在をうまく小説の中に溶け込ませ、社会から落ちぶれた白系ロシア人の心理を生き生きと表現することができた。とりわけ、一人の人物の心理動態に焦点を絞っているため、登場人物の人間性に対する観察と、それに対する深い洞察とが、この小説の大きな特質となっている。This paper discusses a short novel by Kitamura Kenjirō entitled “Kuhai” written in the year 1944. It was published in Manchu kōron and simultaneously in a Chinese translated version with the title “Jiu Song” and featured in a Chinese-language journal called Yi wen zhi, attesting the fact that by the time “Kuhai” appeared, it had already drew attention from the Chinese literary world. Kitamura was born in the year 1904 in Tokyo. When he was a child he moved with his family to Dalian in Kwantung. Soon after completing middle school, he returned to Tokyo, where he started his literary activities while he was still a student at Aoyama Gakuin and later at Kokugakuin University. Together with literary figures like Ibuse Masuji and Dazai Osamu, he got involved with several literary journals such as Bungeipuraningu, Sakuhin, and Nihon roman-ha, and established himself in the field of Japanese literature. In the year 1937, he once again relocated to Changchun (formerly Hsinking, the capital city of Manchukuo) and there he started a journal called Manchuroman and also penned the novel Shunren. With this he became the only professional writer in Manchukuo at that time. “Kuhai” depicts the life story of a white Russian man whose life was deeply affected by the transfer of the Chinese Eastern Railways (also known as Chinese Far East Railways or Manchurian Railways) from Russian to Japanese ownership. Kozlovck was a vintner who took thirty years to make authentic wine. Nonetheless, due to the business slowdown that resulted from the change in ownership of the Chinese Eastern Railways, his friend Ivan, who was an admirer of his wine, was reassigned back to Russia and with this he lost his good friend. Despite this, Kozlovck never compromised on his love for wine. On the other hand, his lost friend Ivan, after wandering in Russia for seven or eight years, finally made his way back to Kozlovck’s house. But, Ivan was not in a position to appreciate Kozlovck’s wine any more. When the two old friends met, they could do nothing but continue drinking. When Kitamura wrote “Kuhai” in 1944, it was a period when there were many cultural restrictions that prevented free literary expression. Hence, it was through this short work that Kitamura expressed his discontent. In other words, he condemned the period when, despite having interest in literary activities, people were not allowed the scope to do so. This resentment was the factor that brought his work so many sympathizers in the Chinese literary world. Kitamura, who wrote mostly from the perspective of a spectator to that date, broke away from his former writing style and dexterously fused his presence as a writer with the character of his protagonist in this small work. This helped him to express the mental state of the white Russian in the most vivid manner possible. Especially, as his focus was on the psychological state of the characters, hence his critical observations and insights into human nature are the key features of this work.

This paper focuses on the phrase Toa Bungeifukko (Asian Renaissance) during the period 1937–1945 in China and Japan, with the two countries sharing the same Chinese characters for the phrase. TOYOSHIMA Yoshio first used this phrase after his visit to China in March 1940. He wished that there would be a Renaissance in Asia like that in Europe several hundred years before. This phrase was argued over widely in Japan and China (WANG Regime) for its meaning as well as the fundamental thought of Renaissance. In this paper, I analyze critiques of TOYOSHIMA, ZHOU Zuoren and Chinese and Japanese government officials and conclude that there are several kinds of incongruity in the Japanese and Chinese articles. While the Japanese and the Chinese had a common yearning for a rebirth/new birth of culture, the Japanese had lust of controlling China, and there were two forces, cooperation with or resistance to the Japanese, in China. All these desires can be found in the phrase Toa Bungeifukko. Toa Bungeifukko was suggested as a good vision of Asia by TOYOSHIMA originally, but practically, it contributed to the Japanese domination in Asia.

This paper investigates the mood use, such as “discovery”, “recall”, and “modification of a previous assumption”, of the past forms of the state verb baiqu in Mongolian. Basically, a non-past form is used when the speaker discovers something without any previous knowledge of it, and a past form is used when confirming/ modifying a prior assumption or an existing knowledge. Bai-jai is usually used for “discovery”, “recall”, “modification of the speaker’s previous assumption” when the modification itself actually occurs due to the recall. Bai -γsan instead is used in conjunction with other modality affixes, as it owns an adnominal form. A comparison reveals that in Japanese the past form -ta is used for “actual discovery”, “confirmation of a previous knowledge” and “modification of a previous assumption of the listener”, while in Mongolian the non-past form baiqu is used in the same situations.

翻訳 : 星野幸代・高媛。底本 : 丁玲『在黒暗中』(人民文学出版社、2000年)80-118頁

2016, 【要旨】

The "earthquake" of the book-title means "great Hanshin earthquake" which occurred on Tuesday, January 17, 1995. There are 6 stories in this novel. These 6 stories all happened on February, 1995. However, not happened in Kobe but far away from there. And, There was a big incident that called "Subway Sarin Incident" happened in Tokyo on March, 1995, which was perpetrated by members of Aum Shinrikyo. That means these 6 stories happened between the "Great Hanshin earthquake" and "Subway Sarin Incident". Haruki Murakami connects these two matters by this novel. That means, there are two key-words of this novel. It's "violence"and "underground".

In order to compete in the global economy, Japanese government and companies are devoting to the development of women’s workplace support policies in order to keep women stay in their career. The issue of helping female employees develop their work-life balanced career has become very important in Japan.In this paper, the authors analyzed the surveys conducted in Japan, China and Taiwan regarding women’s perceptions and motivation toward their work. This research indicated that, compared with China and Taiwan, women in Japan are more negative about their promotion and work-life balanced career in companies and they are lowly motivated toward their work after getting married or having children due to the lack of support from their husbands and family. The authors suggest that not only supportive policies and practices are needed, but also women’s strong will to overcome difficulties in their career life is essential.

本稿は2016年度中華人民共和国国家社会科学基金項目資助（一般項目／項目号16BZW062）を得たものであり、その研究成果の一部とする。

[Background] The way people feel bad is different according to the culture. Although group related bias named differential item functioning (DIF) is studied in various scales including depression scale, DIF has not been studied in primary health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), which is translated into over 80 languages. We evaluated DIF of PHQ-9 at Yushu (China) and Tosa(Japan). [Methods] Among the participants of health check-up program (Yushu; n=184, Tosa; n=305), those who were positive in one of the two question depression screening questions were included in our study (Yushu; n=44, Tosa: n=132). Certified psychiatrist checked PHQ-9 and answers of each item were dichotomized. [Results] Positive rate in Q1 (interest loss), Q2 (depressed mood), Q4 (easy fatigability) and Q6 (self-reproach) were greater in Yushu compared with Tosa after adjustment of age. Positive rates in Q3 and Q4 were high in Tosa and those in Q1, Q2, Q4 and Q5 were high in Yushu. [Conclusion] DIF related to the regions were seen in Yushu and Tosa town. The contributing items to the diagnosis of major depression were different according to the region. As the phenotype of major depression could be different in each region, we should be aware of them in the diagnosis and intervention.