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The structure of the ctenidium in the Japanese short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum was examined. The inner ctenidium is larger than the outer ctenidium. Only the inner ctenidium has reached the lateral oral groove into the labial palp. The ascending lamella of outer ctenidium (the outer lamella of outer ctenidium) has formed the supra-axial extension of ascending lamella of outer demibranch near the dorsal edge by greatly expanding the base. Both outer and inner ctenidia each have the food groove. The observation of the cross section of the ctendium revealed that the ordinary and the principle filaments have joined in a semicircular shape by the interfilamentar junction, or the intra-plical bond and that the ordinary filaments near apex have formed a circular dead space (the inter-filament space). The intra-plical bond has been bonded with the inter-filament connecting membrane (expect for the inter-filament space). The type of the principle filament was the frontal ridge of principle filament. The position where the inner lamina of outer ctenidium and the outer lamina of inner ctenidium joined has formed the based ciliated tract of inner and outer laminae of ctenidia, whereas in the bases of the outer lamella of outer ctenidium and the inner lamina of inner ctenidium, no based ciliated tract has been formed. In the labial palp, the direction of the filaments of the inner ctenidium is parallel to the lateral oral groove.

非筋細胞ミオシンIIは, 運動を可能にする構造体(収縮装置)を, 必要なときに必要な場所で形成することで, さまざまな細胞の運動過程にかかわっている.本稿では, 最近我々が提唱したミオシンIIのフィラメント形成の分子機構モデルを紹介し, さらに細胞移動時におけるミオシンIIの各アイソフォームの機能について議論する.

The mechanism that causes the end of lamp life (EOLL) phenomenon in a fluorescent lamp should be clarified to better understand the EOLL. The phenomenon, including the tungsten sputtering from an electrode, is investigated. We observed the electron emission from a lead in the vicinity of the stem glass resulting in the intermittent pulse discharge that heated up the stem glass. The comparison of the stem glass resistance and the glow discharge impedance at an interval of leads after disconnection of the filament indicates whether or not the stem glass will begin to soften. It was shown that the heating of a small glass portion around the lead by the intermittent pulse discharge or the concentration of discharge current into one of leads was a dominant factor that resulted in the final stage of EOLL..