Search

[要旨]現在，日本では，トラックドライバー不足が大きな社会問題となっている。最新の調査結果によれば，「必要な人材が確保できていない」事業者が，３分の２に及ぶとされている。特に，20代以下の若年ドライバーが，大幅に減っている。トラックドライバー不足問題への対応策として，運転免許制度の変更，女性労働力の活用，鉄道および内航海運へのモーダルシフトなどが挙げられる。本稿は特にモーダルシフトに着目し，そのトラックドライバー不足問題の解決策としての側面を明らかにしたい。各種の文献ならびに，鉄道貨物輸送と内航海運に関わる物流企業へのインタビュー調査結果に基づき，モーダルシフトの現状と問題点をまとめ，今後の推進をもってトラックドライバー不足問題の緩和・解決に貢献する余地を検討する。[Abstract]The labor shortage problem in Japanese trucking industry is getting more and more serious in these years. The improvement of driverʼs license system and the employment of female drivers are considered to be solutions for the problem. This paper focuses on the modal shift from trucks to rail freight transport and coastal shipping. Although the modal shift policy has been considered to be a solution for global warming caused by freight transport, it recently attracts attention as a solution for the labor shortage problem in the logistics industry, as freight trains, ships and ferries are not only energy-saving but also labor-saving.

The Kyoto protocol has been ratified by the developed countries on the 16th of Febrary, 2005. Japan must carry out the promised reduction of 6.0 percent from 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. The trasportation sector in the final energy consumption has been particularly increaced in comparison with the industry and the residential and commercial sectors. The final energy consumption of the transportation sector will have been decreased in the promised reduction, provided that the modal shift of the car and the cargo truck for the bus and the train takes place in 55 - 60 percent. The ratio of the renewable energy versus the primary energy in the developed countries compares Gini's coefficients which are expressive of the income disparity.