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Summary.In this case,marked root resorption of maxillary incisors on both sides due to impaction of maxillary canines on both sides was observed.Treatment for impacted maxillary canines includes induction in the row of teeth using fenestration and traction,extraction,transplantation,observation,and so on.It is necessary to select a method of treatment taking into account the position of the crowns and roots of the impacted teeth,the amount of movement in the direction of traction,and the effect on neighboring teeth and periodontium,as well as the degree of invasiveness and the prognosis.In this case,in the first stage of treatment,the maxillary lateral incisors on both sides were extracted and fenestration and traction of the maxillary canines on both sides was performed.Subsequently,observation was conducted till the end of the growth spurt.However,because vigorous forwards growth of the mandible was observed,at the start of the second stage of treatment,skeletal mandibular prognathism accompanying loss of the maxillary lateral incisors on both sides was diagnosed.In the second stage of treatment it was decided that surgical orthodontic treatment would be performed to improve the chief complaint.However due to the patient’s desire,surgical orthodontic treatment employing osteotomy of the mandible in isolation was performed.It was feared that performing Angle Class II finishing conducted with extraction of maxillary lateral incisors and no extraction of mandibular teeth would result in the amount of recession of the mandible becoming large and retraction.Therefore,treatment consisting of extraction of mandibular second premolar teeth and Angle Class I finishing was performed,and the canines on both sides were arranged in the lateral incisor area.We report that as a result of this treatment,a favorable treatment result and stable post–treatment progress were obtained.

Summary.The Matsumoto Dental University Hospital is located in the center of Nagano Prefecture and is the core hospital in the area.In this study,we carried out a clinicostatistical survey of outpatients and inpatients for the past 3 years.The number of outpatient and inpatients were 6,545 and 861,respectively,for the study period.The referral rate was 71.8%,which annually increased.The number of hospitalized patients by age was bimodal in their 20s and 70s.Dental diseases were most common in outpatients,followed by temporomandibular joint diseases,mucosal/skin diseases,and inflammatory diseases.Inpatients mostly had dental diseases,jaw deformities,inflammatory diseases,and cystic diseases.Moreover,410 cases used the operating room.Consequently,the number was annually increasing.Therefore,this study suggests that our department is functioning as a regional core hospital.However,building a medical care system that strengthens regional cooperation so that it can meet the various needs is necessary.

The effects of physical exercise or sporting activities on nutrition have received considerable attention over the last decade. Studies of exercise and taste preferences have been conducted in various countries, but it is believed that differences in food culture and eating habits may influence taste preferences. Thus, this study examined to review the relationship between physical exercise or sporting activities, and taste preferences in Japanese studies. This review included five tastes : sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami. Each taste indicates a change in physical condition, including those related to exercise. Sweet taste is a nutrient mainly used in energy metabolism, and sugar is the main component. Umami is the taste indicative of an amino acid that is also a component of nutrients in protein metabolism. Salty taste indicates mineral content as a component of sweat. Sour taste is associated with metabolic pathways and identified putrefactive substances. Bitter taste is a warning signal for poisons and toxins, and it is also associated with stress. Taste preferences appear to change with acute physical exercise or sporting activities. In this study, the taste preferences for sweetness and sourness increased through physical exercise. On the other hand, the preference for saltiness showed various changes in each of studies, such as decreasing, increasing, or unchanging. And the preferences of bitterness and umami also showed various changes. It is considered that the factors of this result were various methods of exercise mode, exercise intensity, duration of exercise, dietary intake status, and sensory evaluation method. However, further research is needed to produce meaningful and reproducible results in the future.

We treated a male elementary School student with 3 supernumerary teeth in the maxillary incisor region detected by radiographic examination.1. The patient underwent radiography for detailed evaluation at dental clinic, was found to have 3 supernumerary teeth in the maxillary incisor region, and was referred to our department.2. There was nothing of note regarding the patient’s history of systemic disorders.3. The patient was aged 7 years and 11 months at the time of the first examination,when the Hellman dental developmental stage was IIC.4. The maxillary right deciduous central incisor was present, and the maxillary left central incisor had already erupted. 5. Three–dimensional examination by radiography and three–dimensional examination using cone–beam CT showed 3 supernumerary teeth and prolonged retention of the maxillary right deciduous central incisor, and ectopia and eruption disorder of the maxillary right central incisor were confirmed.6. At the age of 8 years and 2 months, the maxillary right deciduous central incisor, the maxillary right deciduous lateral incisor and supernumerary teeth were extracted under general anesthesia.7. The postoperative course has been uneventful, but we have decided to continue periodic management because of ectopia of the maxillary right central incisor.

We investigated the changes in lip and cheek movements involved in smiling, recorded before and after surgical orthodontic treatment for mandibular protrusion with mandibular deviation (MPD), and compared the obtained data with those of individuals with normal occlusion (NO). The study enrolled 8 individuals with NO and 8 patients with MPD who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment at the Matsumoto Dental University Hospital. The lip and cheek movements of individuals were analyzed three–dimensionally using stereo images, and their frontal and lateral craniofacial morphologies were assessed using posterior–anterior and lateral cephalograms. Pre–treatment assessment of lip movements in MPD patients showed that the corner of mouth (CM) on the non–deviated side exhibited a significant increase in upward move ment and decrease in lateral movement, as compared to the deviated side. However, the comparison of these results with those of individuals with NO revealed that the lateral and posterior movement of the CM on the non–deviated and deviated sides, respectively, was significantly lesser in patients with MPD than in individuals with NO. Post–treatment assessment of lip movements showed an increase in the lateral and the upward movement of the CM on the non–deviated and deviated side, respectively, indicating the successful correction of asymmetrical CM movement. However, the posterior movement in the CM on the deviated and non–deviated sides in the patients with MPD were significantly lesser than those in individuals with NO. Furthermore, a comparison of the absolute values of three–dimensional movements recorded between the center of the upper and lower lips revealed no significant difference in pre– and post–treatment movements. On the contrary, post–treatment movement of the center of the lower lip in the posterior direction was significantly lesser in patients with MDP than individuals with NO. The three–dimensional movement of the cheek did not show significant difference between the deviated and non–deviated sides before and after treatment. However, the anterior movement of the cheek on the non–deviated side in the individuals with MPD increased significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in the three–dimensional movement of cheek among individuals with MPD, before and after treatment, and in the individuals with NO. In the present study, the asymmetrical three–dimensional movements of CM involved in smiling, between the deviated and non–deviated sides in the individuals with MPD, were corrected after surgical orthodontic treatment. However, the post–treatment movements in the individuals with MPD were different from those in individuals with NO.

目的：口腔内の衛生状態を保つためには，毎日の歯科保健行動が必須である．今回，1. 看護系大学生における歯磨きの認識と実態を明らかにすること，2. 歯科保健行動実施の有無で比較を行い，効果的な口腔ケアのための看護の示唆を得ることを目的とした． 対象と方法：対象は，Ａ大学看護系大学 1 ～ 4 年次に所属する男女学生229名とした．先行研究を参考に対象者の属性，口腔内の健康状態，歯科の定期健診の受診状況，歯磨き習慣，ブラッシング行動スキル，生活習慣について無記名自記式質問紙を用いて調査した． 結果： 1 年以内に歯科の定期健診を受けている者は，本研究では67名（53.6％）と歯科保健行動の実施群・非実施群の比較では，歯周病の疑い，ブラッシング行動スキル，生活習慣に有意差は認められなかった． 結論：看護系大学生の「歯科の定期健診に関する認識」や歯磨きの頻度や時間などの「歯磨きの習慣」は，一般成人や医療福祉系の大学生とほぼ同程度であった．「歯周病の疑い」がある学生は14.6％であったことから，看護系大学生への歯科保健行動に対する働きかけが今後の歯周病予防への第一歩になると考える． Aim： Daily dental health practices are essential in maintaining oral health. This study aimed to（1）larify the knowledge and practices of tooth-brushing among nursing university students and（2）compare the differences between those that practiced dental health behavior and those that did not, in order to identify nursing suggestions necessary for effective oral care. Subjects and Methods： The subjects were a total of 229 male and female nursing students of University A in their first to fourth years. By reference to a previous study, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the subjects’ basic characteristics, oral health status, whether they had regular dental health check-ups, their tooth-brushing practices, tooth-brushing techniques, and general lifestyle. Results： Sixty seven （53.6%） subjects had a dental check-up within the past year. No statistically significant differences were found between those that practiced dental health behavior and those that did not with respect to gum disease, tooth-brushing techniques and lifestyle. Conclusion: Nursing university students’ "Awareness of regular dental examinations" and "habits of brushing teeth" such as frequency and time of brushing teeth were almost the same as those of general adults and university students of medical welfare. 14.6% of students had "suspicion of periodontal disease". Therefore, we believe that nursing university students to take dental health behavior will be the first step toward preventing periodontal disease in the future., 保健学研究, 34, pp.39-46; 2021

I studied the influence of sympathetic nerve stimulation and aroma inhalation on both SIgA and lactoferrin secretion in the rat submandibular gland. I found no spontaneous secretion from the submandibular gland in the control rats. Although the flow of the saliva evoked by black pepper and cardamom was very small in volume, a marked saliva secretion was found evoked when isoprenaline stimulation was combined with black pepper or cardamom inhalation. Significant secretion of SIgA and lactoferrin was not obtained with black pepper or cardamon inhalation alone. However, there was considerable secretion of SIgA and lactoferrin induced when isoprenaline stimulation was combined with black pepper inhalation. The salivary amylase activity induced by aroma inhalation was approximately 10% that of isoprenaline stimulation alone. Combined use of the two enhanced salivary amylase activity compared with stimulation by isoprenaline alone. Their combined use had a synergistic effect.These results suggest that the use of aroma inhalation enhances salivary antibacterial activity, and that this activity may be induced by the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, aroma inhalation imparts a greater effect on SIgA and lactoferrin secretion than does solitary sympathetic stimulation alone. We hypothesized that aroma inhalation might positively influence the intraoral environment.

We examined the relationships between adherence strength to culture net and basal part shape of Neopyropia yezoensis blade “nori”. The range of adherence strength was 0.030 – 0.204 N per blade. Length and width of basal parts, blade length and blade width tended to increase as the values of adherence strength raised. Adherence strength showed strong correlation with width of basal part. Moreover, adherence strength correlated with blade width. It was thought that the values of adherence strength and length and width of basal parts related to decrease water temperature in growing waters. However, it was suggested that a viewpoint of the relationship between adherence strength and width of basal part would be useful.

Purpose: Oral Implant Center established in April 2014 as specialized clinical section at Tokushima University Hospital. The aim of this study was to report a survey of new patients of preoperative registration at Oral Implant Center during the five years since its establishment. Subjects and methods: Investigation of gender and age, chief complaint, details of treatment requests, sites of missing teeth, number of missing teeth, cause of tooth extraction, and treatment status for patients registered at Oral Implant Center from April 2014 to March 2019 were performed. Results: Regarding the chief complaint, 605 (88.3%) patients consulted preoperatively for a request for implant treatment, and 80 (11.7%) consulted about complain of previous implant treatment or a request for continued maintenance. The average number of missing teeth for which treatment was requested was 3.8. The proportion of patients who wished to be treated for the number of missing teeth was 32.2% for missing one tooth, 56.1% for missing few teeth (2 to 6 teeth), 7.8% for missing many teeth (7 or more teeth) and edentulous 3.9%. As for the details of treatment requests of 80 patients who had already received implant treatment, 33 (41.3%) consulted on the improper superstructure, 29 (36.3%) wished to examine and treat peri-implantitis, 4 (5%) wished to remove the implant and 14 (17.5%) requested continued maintenance. Discussion and conclusion: The number of new patients regarding implant treatment has been about the same each year, and it was reconfirmed that it was recognized as a treatment method for dental prostheses. In particular, many patients wished to receive implant treatment for a single tooth missing, suggesting that the patients also recognized the importance of preserving the remaining teeth. On the other hand, the number of patients complaining of previous implant treatment tends to increase, and it is necessary to consider future correspondence.

In order to enhance the quality of education for students with poor academic performance, we conducted a questionnaire survey on lifestyle habits, somatic symptoms, learning habits, learning attitudes, social support, egogram and performance, and examined the factors to influence on academic performance.Academic performance was divided into three quantiles, “lower GPA group”, “medium GPA group”, and “upper GPA group”. In relation to egograms, the upper GPA group had higher AC scores for compared to the lower GPA group. The medium GPA group and the lower GPA group displayed a pattern of lower than the general average A scores. In the covariance structure analysis of GPA and related factors, lifestyle habits influenced GPA and subjective fatigue. Personality influenced behavior related to academic performance and support of friends and family, and support of friends and family influenced GPA through support of teachers. Further, coping measures for situations when students were unable to understand, influenced GPA and behavior related to academic performance, through the mediation of frequency of dozing. From the above, it is suggested that in order to improve the quality of education teachers need to understand the background of the students including their personality

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine the risk factors for the development of osteoradionecrosis （ORN） of the jaw after intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT）. The cases of 114 patients who achieved complete remission after undergoing IMRT for head and neck cancer between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment involved IMRT with simultaneous integrated boost. The maximum dose delivered to the mandible and the mean dose delivered to the maxillae were kept below 70Gy and 35Gy, respectively. Age, sex, disease stage, the intent of radiation therapy, the maximum dose delivered to the jaw, whether the patient was dentulous or edentulous, the presence/absence of chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were evaluated as risk factors for ORN. ORN was observed in 3 maxillae and 4 mandibles, and a total of 7 （6.1%） patients developed ORN during a median follow-up period of 15 months （6-28 months）. The maximum dose delivered to the jaw （70Gy） was significantly related to the development of ORN of the jaw. No other significant factors were identified. As ORN was observed in 3maxillae, we should consider dose constraints for both the mandible and maxillae to prevent ORN of the jaw.

In order to enhance the quality of education for students with poor performance, we focused on lifestyle habits and conducted a questionnaire survey on the effects of lifestyle habits on somatic symptoms and academic performance of vocational school students. The academic performance was classified into three GPA quantiles including “lower GPA group”, “medium GPA- group”, and “upper GPA group. In the lower GPA group, the daily rhythm was irregular including late waking up and sleeping timings and short sleep duration. Further, the percentage of part-time work was high and the duration of part-time job was also long. In particular, percentage of students who were doing part-time even one week before the exam was high. In addition, percentage of students who used telecommunication devices for a long time, was high. Regarding dozing during lectures, in addition to lack of sleep, it was seen that dozing during lectures was also induced by the teaching methods of teachers, including lecture content and methods. These results suggest that academic performance is significantly influenced by lifestyle habits, indicating that it is important to gain an understanding of the background of students and guide them about leading a disciplined life.

Although functional jaw orthopedic appliances have been used to treat anterior cross bite during the growth and development period, its functional effect for severely anterior cross bite has not been clarified. Cases treated with a myofunctional training device for deciduous tooth anterior cross bite have been reported, but normally, these devices are not used to improve occlusion of patients with severly anterior cross bite. The patient was an 8-year and 4-month-old boy with Skeletal 3 anterior cross bite, Terminal plane Mesial step type with -3 mm over jet and +6 mm over bite, and ANB of -3.0° and U1 to SN of 86°. We proposed the conventional treatment method, but active treatment was rejected due to various background factors, and consent could not be obtained. Thus, we proposed the use of a myofunctional training device and consent was obtained. The attached device guided the abnormal pressure of various muscles of the oral cavity in an appropriate direction and promoted forward development of the upper jaw. ANB improved to +1.0°, curvature of Spee was flattened, and labial inclination of the upper teeth and inferior backward growth of the mandible were observed, which improved coverage of the upper tooth region that the patient most strongly desired.

An impacted tooth is one that fails to erupt into the dental arch. Teeth become impacted because of dense adjacent teeth, excessive soft tissue or a genetic cause. An inadequate arch length and jaw space in which to erupt are the most common reasons for impaction. This most commonly in happens the wisdom teeth. As a general rule, many impacted teeth must be removed, and canine teeth remain impacted or undergo fenestration. In orthodontic treatment, the extraction of impacted canines is one of the treatment plans for patients with malocclusion. This report describes the orthodontic treatment of a patient with anterior tooth crowding with horizontal impaction of the maxillary left canine. A 34-year–old male patient presented with the chief complaint of crowding. Extraction of the impacted canine instead of the first premolar on the left side of the maxilla was chosen for this patient. After orthodontic treatment, there was no significant change in the facial profile, and acceptable occlusion was achieved. No relapse had been observed after two years of retention.

The incidence of mandibular fractures is the highest among facial bone fractures. Addi-tionally, most of mandibular fractures occur in the mandibular angle and condylar process. On the other hand, the incidence of fracture of coronoid process is extremely low. We experienced a case of mandibular fractures involving mandibular body, condylar process as well as the coronoid process in a man aged 3₉–years–old who had received strong direct external force to the mandible. Mandibular fractures usually occur in the condylar process and mandibular angle because direct external force is more likely to transmit to these re-gions. Based on the classification of mandibular fractures, the incidence of mandibularfractures involving coronoid process increases with an increased number of fractures lines that means complicated fracture. At the viewpoint of anatomical portion, direct external force dose not transmit to coronoid process; however, it is possible that direct external force may transmit coronoid process in the case of complicated fracture. In this case report, we considered the potential mechanism of fracture of coronoid process by using a three–dimensional finite element model of a human mandible stress distribution analysis.

We evaluate radon/thoron and its progeny concentration using passive-type monitors using CR-39 plates. After exposure, it is necessary to do chemical etching for CR-39 plates. In the present study, we considered shortening of chemical etching time for CR-39 and enlargement of the track diameter (i.e. etch pit diameter) aiming for introduction of automatic counting system in the future. Optimum conditions were determined by changing solution concentration, solution temperature and etching time. As a result, the optimized conditions (concentration, temperature and etching time) were determined to be 8 M NaOH solution, 75°C and 10 hours. This result of etching time showed that the chemical etching was completed in less than half of conventional etching time. Furthermore, it was suggested that shorter etching time would be possible if we do not consider the enlargement of conventional track diameter.

We report a case of liver abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in a 68-year-old man with periodontitis. He was admitted to our hospital complaining of high fever. Abdominal ultrasound sonography and computed tomography scan revealed a single liver abscess. Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated from liver aspirates. He had no dental symptoms but periodontitis was diagnosed. After extraction of a tooth, he had high fever again suffered from sepsis. Fusobacterium nucleatum is anaerobic gram-negative bacilli found in normal flora of oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, but it has rarely proven as a causative pathogen of liver abscess or systemic infection associated with periodontal disease. It should be noted that poor dental hygiene could lead to serious systemic infection.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between five types housekeeping motivation and housekeeping behaviors, type of motivation and subjective well-being, as well as personal and family factors and type of motivation. Adult women（N= 953, age 20-59 years） participated in the study. Results indicated that the motivation for housekeeping resulting from a sense of lacking substitutes had a highly positive correlation with housekeeping behaviors. Moreover, people with high subjective wellbeing had a strong motivation for housekeeping that originated from feelings of interest and efficacy, and habit. Furthermore, these motivations were enhanced by agreeable personality, conscientiousness and openness, placing importance on family or work, family satisfaction, as well as expressions of gratitude from other family members. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to desirable conditions for housekeeping.

In recent years, electric ducted fan (EDF) has been applied to propulsion unit for small aircrafts. EDF is a small axial flow fan with longer casing, thinner blades and higher rotating speed than conventional small axial flow fan used for cooling in electronic device. In the study, a 1/10 size small EDF of the actual propulsion unit was used and effects of design factors of impeller such as number of blades, blade shape and tip clearance on thrust and noise characteristics were investigated. As a result, in the performance viewpoint, reducing blade thickness, reducing solidity and equalizing tip clearance contributed to performance improvement. In the viewpoint of noise reduction, the first-order blade passing frequency noise was dominated by non-uniform tip clearance due to eccentricity and deformation of impeller. In terms of tip clearance, noise was reduced by equalizing tip clearance. Total performance of EDF was evaluated by specific noise level which was defined by this study.

We investigated the effect of maintaining the temperature of the crown at around 20℃ on growth and yield of strawberry cultivar Mouikko under a forcing culture on an elevated bench in Yamamoto-cho, Watari-gun, Miyagi, northern Japan, for three years. During the hot season, the promotion effect of flower bud differentiation on the first axillary branches in plants treated with crown cooling was higher than that in untreated ones. Growth of strawberry plants was unambiguously promoted, and plant vigor was maintained by crown heating in winter. In addition, the rate of flower budding on second axillary branches in plants treated with crown heating exceeded that in untreated plants. The marketable yield of plants under crown- temperature control treatment exceeded that of untreated plants. It was confirmed that crown- temperature control effectively improved growth and yield of strawberries in Miyagi, using forcing culture, based on the results of three years, 宮城県亘理郡山元町での促成作型のイチゴ ‘ もういっこ ’ の高設栽培に，クラウン部の温度を 20℃前後に維持するクラウン温度制御技術を導入し，生育および収量に及ぼす影響を 3 年間にわたり調査した。クラウン温度制御による高温期の冷却では，定植時期の早い栽培において第 1 次腋果房の分化促進効果が大きかった。一方，低温期に加温すると，草勢が維持されるとともに生育は促進され，第 2 次腋果房の出蕾も早まった。いずれの栽培試験年においても，クラウン温度制御による増収効果が認められ，総商品果収量は7～ 30％増加した。以上の結果から，クラウン温度制御により，宮城県での促成栽培イチゴでは効果的に生育が促進され，増収することが実証された。

本研究の目的は、フッ化物洗口事業の推進に関わる歯科保健担当者のコンピテンシーについて明らかにし、フッ化物洗口事業の推進の方法論を見出すことである。研究対象は、九州6県の市町村保健部門に所属する保健師332名に対する無記名自記式調査票を用いた郵送調査を実施し、その結果124名（回収率37.3%）から回答を得た。分析対象は、フッ化物洗口事業推進群（ｎ＝23）とフッ化物洗口事業非推進群（ｎ＝43）の66名とした。研究方法は、「フッ化物洗口事業の実施の有無」を従属変数、「保健師コンピテンシー」の下位尺度を独立変数としてロジスティック回帰分析を行った。保健師のフッ化物洗口事業推進に関するコンピテンシーは、「創出に向けた協同」能力が低く、創出に向けた協同の姿勢が弱いことが示唆された。協同能力は、フッ化物洗口事業非推進群の所属規模等の分析対象者の背景要因が考えられる。また、「創出の推進と具現化」能力については、フッ化物洗口事業推進群が統計学的な有意差はないが数値的に上回っていたことから、フッ化物洗口事業の推進に関わる歯科保健担当者のコンピテンシーである可能性が考えられる。フッ化物洗口事業を推進するためには、地域の保健行政に携わる保健師への具体的な事業に関する情報提供、知識の普及の必要性が示唆された。 The objectives of the study were two-fold: 1) to understand the competency of public health nurses in promoting fluoride mouthwash to patients and 2) to establish a methodology for fluoride mouthwash promotion. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 332 public health nurses working for municipal health departments in the six prefectures of the Kyushu region. Of this sample, 124 public health nurses responded (response rate: 37.3%), and after excluding surveys for various reasons, 66 were included in the study. This sample was further subdivided into fluoride mouthwash promotion (n =23) and non-promotion (n = 43) groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the findings of the current investigation. In this regression, the dependent variable was the presence or absence of fluoride mouthwash promotion, and the independent variable was a subordinate scale of the public health nursesʼ competency. The fluoride mouthwash promotion group showed a trend for higher competency than the non-promotion group. Based on the results of this project, higher levels of competency are associated with the promotion of mouthwashes containing fluoride. Thus, programs regarding the importance of fluoride mouthwash should be put in place to educate public health nurses and foster more widespread use.

Currently, care workers in elderly welfare facilities have anxiety of performing sputum suction. In this study, we performed a questionnaire survey to care workers in order to grasp the kind of anxiety of implementing sputum suction. As a result, it has turned out a tendency that their anxiety is decreased in accordance with the frequency of performing sputum suction. On the other hand, we discovered a tendency that their anxiety of operating the equipment is increased in accordance with the number of years since the end of “sputum suction etc. training”, and that their anxiety of the number of care works is increased in accordance with the number of people needed sputum suction. From the above, in order to alleviate anxiety of sputum suction of care workers, it is considered that the following is necessary under the responsibility of the facility manager: Improvement of the manual of sputum suction based on the current state of the facility and regular training system by medical profession. Reconsideration the laws and institutions concerning arrangement of care workers and medical professionals commensurate with the number of people needed sputum suction regardless of day and night.

：In recent years, the use of dental magnifying glass has been spreading for the accurate diagnosis and treatments. In this research, we decided to introduce a dental magnifying glass during a practical training course at a training school and to verify its usefulness. The subjects were 52 2nd year students enrolled in a prefectural school in 2015 and 51 2nd year students enrolled in fiscal year 2016, totaling 103 people. In both 2015 and 2016-from April to November, we introduced a magnifying glass for jaw model practice and mutual practice of the dental preventive treatment subjects. The subjects were asked to detect and remove the artificial dental calculus (protrusions) in phantom head, jaw and teeth models with and without the dental magnifying glass as a practical test. The use effect of dental magnifying glass was evaluated by the total numbers of detected and removed protrusions. After the test, a questionnaire was also conducted to the subjects to subjectively evaluate the use effect of dental magnifying glass. Both detection and removal numbers with the dental magnifying glass were significantly higher than those without the dental magnifying glass. The result of questionnaire showed a positive attitude toward the use of dental magnifying glass. By using a magnifying glass in a practical training in a training school, it improved the ability to detect protrusions corresponding to dental calculus, you can gain many benefits such as improving motivation for future hygienist work, it was suggested that its introduction is useful for practical training.

It has been pointed out that the dependence on instant foods such as junk food and the amount of time spent sleeping are related to the academic performance of college students. If this is true, improving and maintaining such habits may be effective in supporting academic learning. In this report, we conducted a web-based survey asking first- and third-year students of Ochanomizu University about these habits, and examined the relationship between the results of the survey and GPA. The results showed that the more often they consumed junk food, took-out meals, substituted sweets for meals, and did not eat breakfast every day, the lower their GPA tended to be. There was a clear difference in GPA between the strong and weak endpoints of the instant eating habit. The GPA of the groups of students who did not eat breakfast or skipped breakfast were clearly lower than that of the group of students who ate breakfast every day, and the average GPA of the group of students who slept extremely little, less than 4 hours, was clearly worse than that of the group of students who slept more than 6 hours. However, for those who slept more than 6 hours, there was no clear difference in GPA mean between the hourly interval groups.

ヒト歯髄組織由来LNGFRLow+THY-1High+ hDPSCs（human Dental Pulp Stem Cells; hDPSCs）、に集中した研究を行った。ゼノフリー間葉系幹細胞培地で培養した結果、hDPSCsにおいても、従来型培地と同様の細胞増殖能を確認できた。この実験結果によって①従来型の細胞の不均一性という問題を、特異的細胞表面マーカーによる均一な幹細胞分離を行うことで克服でき、また②「異種動物由来の血清成分」を使用しない「ゼノフリー培養」が可能であることも示唆された。 本研究課題によってhDPSCsの臨床応用の可能性が拡がったと考えている。 In this study, we concentrated on human dental pulp tissue-derived LNGFRLow+THY-1High+ hDPSCs (human Dental Pulp Stem Cells; hDPSCs). The results of culturing the cells in Xenofree Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium showed that the cell proliferation ability of the hDPSCs was similar to that of the conventional medium. The results of this experiment suggest that (1) the problem of heterogeneity of conventional cells can be overcome by uniform separation of stem cells using specific cell surface markers and (2) "xeno-free culture" without "serum components of foreign animal origin" is possible. We believe that this research project has expanded the possibility of clinical application of hDPSCs., 研究種目 : 基盤研究 (C) (一般) 研究期間 : 2018～2020 課題番号 : 18K09606 研究分野 : 歯周病学

本症例は初診時年齢22歳9か月の女性で上顎左側犬歯の先天欠如、前歯部の反対咬合、下顎前歯部の叢生、および上下顎歯列正中の不一致を認めた。大臼歯関係は左右ともにAngleI級で、骨格性1級、ローアングルを呈していた。診断の結果、上顎歯列正中の偏位量がわずかであったことと、前歯部反対咬合の改善のため上顎前歯を唇側傾斜させる必要があったことから、上顎歯は抜去せずに排列を行うこととした。下顎歯列の叢生と下顎歯列正中の右方偏位に対しては、下顎左側第一小臼歯を抜去して、下顎左側大臼歯部に歯科矯正用アンカースクリューを埋入して改善を図ることとした。上下顎ともにプリアジャストエッジワイズ装置を用いて排列を行った。治療の結果、理想的なオーバージェットと咬合が得られた。This case report describes the treatment of female patient of 22 years and nine months of age with congenitally missing of maxillary left canine complicated by anterior crossbite, lower anterior crowding and dental midline deviation. She had Angle Class I molar relationships on both sides based on a Class I skeletal base and a reduced mandibular plane angle. Clinical examination showed that the amount of upper dental midline deviation was small and considered to be acceptable, and the upper incisor need to be proclined to correct an anterior crossbite. Therefore, we decided to treat without extraction of the upper teeth. As for the lower crowding and midline deviation, the treatment involved extraction of the lower left first premolar and the use of temporary anchorage devices to enhance anchorage. Pre-adjusted edgewise appliances were used in both upper and lower arches. Ideal overjet and occlusion were achieved during treatment.

Mandibular third molar extraction is a common dental oral surgeries, and preoperative evaluation is very important because the difficulty and the risk of complications depend on the state of the mandibular tooth. A classification method to evaluate mandibular third molars using panoramic radiographs is currently available, however, but there is no such classification method using computed tomography (CT) images. In this study, we devised a new classification method using CT images and used it to clinically statistically evaluate patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction operation in our department. Between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017, we collected data for 477 teeth in 393 cases of mandibular third molar extraction. The condition of the molar was evaluated using the Winter classification, Pell-Gregory classification, and apex position. In addition, the positional relationship between the apex and mandibular canal was assessed from CT images using the classification method devised in our department (“Adachi classification”). The most frequent results were as follows: Winter classification, horizontal: 242 teeth; Pell-Gregory classification, Ⅱ B: 157 teeth; and the apex position, Ap 0: 179 teeth; Class I: 208 teeth, Position B: 185 teeth, Type 1 A : 372 teeth. The Adachi classification is a new taxonomy that evaluates the relationship between the mandibular tooth and mandibular canal with or without bone intervention and the closest part. We will continue to collect more data to further investigate our novel classification method.

マウス顎下腺は胎生11日目（E11）に舌の基部に位置する上皮細胞と、 神経堤細胞由来の間葉細胞の相互作用によって上皮組織が肥厚し、間葉側へ陥入することから発生する。その後、上皮の先端は分枝と伸長を繰り返して、外分泌腺特有の枝分かれ構造を形成していく。この現象は分枝形態形成とよばれており、重要な器官形成機構の一つとしてよく知られている。Integrinは細胞外の情報を細胞内へ伝達（‘outside-in’ signal）するほか、細胞内の情報を細胞外へ伝達（‘inside-out’ signal）することで細胞の接着、分化、増殖、移動およびアポトーシスに関わることから上皮間葉相互作用を制御する因子と考えられている。本研究では、 顎下腺の分枝形態形成おけるintegrin α5の役割について検討を行った。すでに顎下腺原基に発現していることが知られている各種インテグリンサブユニット（α3，α5，α6，β1およびβ4サブユニット）のmRNAをリアルタイムRT-PCRにより定量解析した結果、顎下腺発生の初期（E13-E14）にα5サブユニットの発現が高いことが分かった。他のインテグリンサブユニットではβ1が初期で高値を示した。培養顎下腺原基に抗integrin α5抗体を添加すると5μg/mlの濃度以上で濃度依存的に分枝形態形成が抑制された。高濃度の抗integrin α5抗体（20μg/ml）では顎下腺原基の分枝形態形成はほぼ完全に抑制された。顎下腺上皮のみの培養系を用いた解析から、抗integrin α5抗体（10μg/ml）はEGFが誘導するcleft形成とFGF10が誘導するelongationを共に抑制した。抑制の程度はcleft形成で約20%、elongation形成で50%であった。また、抗integrin α5抗体の添加により、FGF10で惹起されるE13顎下腺原基のERK1/2のリン酸化の亢進が抑制された。 以上の結果から、integrin α5サブユニットは発生の初期段階で分枝形態形成に関わることが示唆された。また、integrin α5サブユニットは分枝形態形成を構成するcleft形成とelongationに共に関与しており、elongationにはERK1/2経路の活性化を介していると考えられた。 Branching morphogenesis (BrM) is a developmental process by which many organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, and all exocrine glands, including the salivary glands, are formed. BrM is a dramatic biological event regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The fundamental process of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions depends both on a variety of growth factors and their receptors and on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrins. The mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is a well-characterized model system for the study of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions involved in fetal organogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. There are several reports describing the molecular mechanisms of the BrM of SMG rudiments. For example, BrM requires both the mesenchyme and the epithelial basement membrane, and these components involve the interactions of both several integrins and their ligands in the ECM. In this study, we demonstrated the role of the integrin α5 subunit in the BrM of developing mouse SMG. The BrM of cultured E13 SMG was dose-dependently suppressed by administration of a blocking antibody for the integrin α5 subunit. The suppression of epithelial morphogenesis of SMG rudiments was also shown in mesenchyme-free epithelial culture system. These results suggest that the integrin α5 plays a critical role in the branching morphogenesis of fetal mouse SMG.

The report describes orthodontic treatment of a 37 years 7 months old female patientwith Angle Class I and bimaxillary protrusion using temporary anchorage device (TAD).The antero–posterior skeletal relationship was skeletal Class II. The upper and lower incisorswere labially inclined and molar relationship was Angle Class I. The treatment objectives were correction of labial inclination of upper and lower incisors with extraction of theupper and lower first bicuspid using TAD. The upper arch wire with molar tip back bend was fixed at the upper second bicuspid from TAD during the retraction of canine and anteriorteeth. As a results of the treatment for 2 years and 10 months, upper and lower anteriorteeth showed lingual bodily movement and mandible rotated counterclockwise with the depress of upper anterior and molar teeth. On the other hand, the upper molar showed moderate anchorage with the mesial movement and depress of upper molar teeth due to tip back bend.In summary, orthodontic treatment using TAD and arch wire with tip back bend at molar make it possible for the lingual bodily movement of anterior teeth and the depression of upper anterior and molar teeth.

In the field of dentistry, dental X ray CT system is used to generate a 3D teeth and jaw-bone image. However, it takes much time and irradiation of X ray is large. On the other hands, 2D dental panoramic system uses less X ray dose to generate 2D teeth and jaw-bone images than dental X ray CT system, and commonly used in the current dental clinics. The purpose of this research is to generate a 3D jaw-bone image with 2D panoramic images. The dental panoramic system depends on tomosynthesis method, which has capability of generating any layers image. Every layered image has its own region on interest about teeth. The proposed method captures such features by recognizing high frequency term in a layered image and synthesis them into an image. The proposed method could yield a 3D jaw-bone image with panoramic images.

Clinical analysis was performed for 62 patients with jaw deformities who had undergone orthognathic surgery in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tottori University Hospital from 2004 to 2017. The results were as follows: The total number of patients was 62 cases. The patients were 24 males and 38 females（male to female ratio of 1:1.6）．The most predominant diagnosis was mandibular prognathism（72.6%）．Sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy （SSRO）or Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy（IVRO） alone was the most frequent surgical procedure, accounting for 72.6%. The combination of Le Fort I osteotomy and SSRO/IVRO accounting for 24.5% from 2010.

The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to make a fusion image combined with a patient’s face image and three dimensional teeth and jaw-bone image reconstructed with panoramic x-ray image. To make a face image, we used a KINECT sensor that was attached to the arm of the dental panoramic x-ray system. In order to expand the light path between the face and the depth sensor of KINECT, we used mirror which was attached inside the dental panoramic x-ray system. The x-ray tube and detector were located opposite to each other inside the arm, and the arm rotated around the patient’s head. We used depth data measured by the KINECT sensor to make a three dimensional face image of the patient. The three dimensional teeth and jaw-bone image at the standard dental arch was made with the tomosynthesis technique. The location of the standard dental arch was measured in advance with the dedicated phantom. The registration of two images was conducted with tungsten rubber markers. The experiments with a volunteer showed that the reconstructed fusion image was acceptable for clinical use. The results of experiment showed that our proposed system could make a fusion image of a patient with a low cost.

Program of Oral Health Science, Course of Oral Engineering, School of Dentistry, Hiroshima University was established as the first four-year course for dental technicians in Japan at 2005. The significance and future value of dental laboratory work were discussed on the standpoint of a unique dental technician, who graduated from the university and have engaged in Tokushima University Hospital as a dental technician. The digital technology and collaboration between dental and medical fields are getting important, and the university hospital, which has three important functions of clinic, education, and research, needs dental laboratory works for medical field as well as dental field. It concludes that the dental laboratory work requires extensive knowledge and culture to create the future value of dental laboratory technology committing to improving medical care, and depends on the four-year university education.

In this study, we used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the mandibular condyle to examine whether bone transformation could be effectively detected by the orthopantomogram (OP), panoramic TMJ projection (TMJ-OP), or lateral roentgen cephalogram (LC), thus improving diagnosis of arthrosis deformans of the TMJ. A total of 377 women presented to our orthodontic clinic to undergo an interview and clinical examinations for temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A total of 126 of these were suspected TMD cases; they underwent an imaging investigation that included CBCT. Twenty-one additional patients developed TMD symptoms during orthodontic treatment in our clinic; they underwent a similar imaging investigation. From these 147 patients who underwent the imaging investigation, we selected 23 women with a retrusive mandible. The average age was 24y 4m (range: 12y 8m-32y 11m). Subjects with a history of facial injury, ankylodactylia, tumor, or generalized arthritis were excluded, as were those with developmental disorders. Two orthodontists conferred to define the CBCT evaluation of bone transformation within the mandibular condyle. The same two orthodontists assessed all other images independently. Using confirmed diagnosis by CBCT image as a source of comparison, diagnostic parameters was determined by the assessments of the two observers on OP and TMJ-OP images and downward and backward rotations of the mandible. Additionally, we compared the success of diagnosis upon combining these methods. 1. CBCT imaging evaluations detected bone transformation in 32 (69.6%) of 46 joints. Erosion, osteophyte, and sclerosis (deformity) were found in 26, 12, and 10 joints, respectively. 2. Among 22 joints in which osteophyte and sclerosis (deformity) were found, 15 joints showed erosion. Therefore, erosion is the primary finding of bone transformation in arthrosis deformans of the TMJ. 3. The diagnostic success rate of the bone transformation of the mandibular condyle was 0.52 and 0.74 for the estimation by OP and TMJ-OP images, respectively. The success rate increased by combining the estimation of OP and TMJ-OP images. 4. By estimating the mandibular rotation, the diagnostic success rate and diagnostic sensitivity were comparatively high (0.87 and 0.95, respectively). This estimation method may be useful for diagnosis by exclusion in a case of arthrosis deformans of the TMJ. Diagnosis of arthrosis deformans of the TMJ is improved using panoramic radiography, as well as division into two temporomandibular joints on the panoramic radiograph and mandibular clockwise rotation decided by lateral roentgen cephalometry.

本症例は、初診時年齢が20歳7か月の男性で、下顎両側中切歯の先天欠如による下顎両側乳中切歯の晩期残存、下顎両側側切歯の遠心捻転、上顎右側犬歯の低位唇側転位、上顎右側側切歯・上顎左側中切歯の近心捻転および過蓋咬合を認めた。上顎両側第一小臼歯と下顎両側乳中切歯の抜去を行い、上下顎歯列にプリアジャストエッジワイズ装置を装着し、矯正歯科治療を行った。その結果、1歯対2歯のⅠ級大臼歯関係を確立し、良好なオーバージェット、オーバーバイトおよび緊密な咬頭嵌合が得られた。保定開始から1年6か月を経過した後も、安定した咬合関係を保っており、患者の充分な満足が得られた。The present report describes orthodontic treatment in a 20-year-7-month-old male with congenitally missing mandibular central incisors on both sides, deep overbite, and maxillary crowding. Orthodontic treatment with the extraction of the maxillary first premolars and mandibular primary central incisors was performed using a preadjusted edgewise appliance. An ideal overbite and overjet were obtained. Proper occlusal interdigitation was achieved. After a retention period of 1 years and 6 months, the occlusion remained stable with a normal overjet and overbite.

本報告は、下顎右側第二小臼歯の先天欠如、上顎中切歯の唇側傾斜による過大なオーバージェット、過蓋咬合および上下顎歯列の叢生を認めた11歳2か月の女児の治験例である。上顎は両側第一小臼歯、下顎は左側第一小臼歯と右側第二乳臼歯を抜去し、上下顎歯列にプリアジャストエッジワイズ装置を装着し、矯正歯科治療を行った。その結果、1歯対2歯のⅠ級大臼歯関係を確立し、良好なオーバージェット、オーバーバイトおよび緊密な咬頭嵌合が得られた。保定開始から1年7か月を経過した後も、安定した咬合関係を保っており、患者の充分な満足が得られた。The present report describes orthodontic treatment in an 11-year-2-month-old girl with congenitally missing mandibular right second premolar, excessive overjet and deep overbite. Orthodontic treatment with the extraction of the maxillary first premolars, mandibular left first premolar, and right second primary molar was performed using a preadjusted edgewise appliance. An ideal overjet and overbite were obtained. Proper occlusal interdigitation was achieved. After a retention period of 1 year and 7 months, the occlusion remained stable with a normal overjet and overbite.

This report describes late mandibular growth of patient with mandibular protrusion af-ter orthodontic treatment including consideration about growth and development of man-dibular. A 15–year, 2 month old female patient presented with the chief complaint of crowding of upper and lower anterior teeth. The facial profile was concave type because of a skeletal Class 3 facial profile. The incisors were edge–to–edge bite. The molar relation-ship was Angle Class III protrusion. This patient was diagnosed as skeletal Class III pro-trusion with maxillary and mandibular incisors of edge–to–edge bite and crowding. After orthodontic treatment, the facial profile significantly improved and an acceptable occlusion was achieved. But 3 years later, late growth of mandibular was observed and the lower an-terior teeth were slightly crowding in retention phase.

Recently, the number of middle–aged and elderly orthognathic surgery patients with un-healthy oral conditions has been increasing. Although an interdisciplinary approach in-volving orthodontist, oral surgeon and prosthodontist is required in orthognathic surgery of these patients, deciding the jaw position after orthognathic surgery is difficult due to unhealthy oral conditions such as edentulous jaw and tooth loss. In the recently study, preoperative simulation methods for orthognathic surgery have been developed through the use of virtual reality computed technology. A male first examined at the age of 36 years and 7 months was diagnosed as having mandibular protrusion with multiple tooth loss and mandibular deviation. The patient was treatedinterdisciplinary by a team of specialists in surgical orthodontic, dental prosthetic and periodontal treatment. Using the interdisciplin-ary approach and haptic device with virtual tactile perception showed satisfactory results loss treated with orthognathic surgery.

An ectopic eruption tooth in the nasal cavity was rarely observed in daily dental treatment. Therefore, the number of case reports from the otorhinolaryngologist was much more than those from dentists. We encountered a 9-year-old girl complaining of nasal congression due to white foreign body in the left nasal cavity. On radiological examination, a tooth-like whitish structure was observed, and it was diagnosed as an ectopic supernumerary tooth. Under general anesthesia, the supernumerary tooth, which looked like a canine tooth, was extracted. The histopathological views of the teeth-like hard tissue confi rmed that it was a dental organism in acknowledgment of dentin, pulp., 日常歯科臨床において歯牙の位置異常症例はしばしば遭遇するが，固有鼻腔内過剰歯は比較的まれである。固有鼻腔内過剰歯の症例のほとんどが耳鼻咽喉科領域で発表され，口腔外科領域からの報告は少ない。今回，われわれは，左側鼻腔に違和感を訴える患者9歳女児に遭遇した。放射線検査にて，歯牙様硬組織を左側固有鼻腔内に認めたため，左側鼻腔内異所性過剰歯と診断した。治療は全身麻酔下にて鼻腔内過剰歯摘出術を施行した。摘出した歯牙様硬組織の病理組織学的所見は，象牙質，歯髄を認め歯牙組織であることを確認した。

臼歯部の咬合の不調和を訴えた慢性関節リウマチ患者2名対して補綴治療により咬合の安定化を図り、良好な経過を得たので報告する。症例1は49歳女性、症例2は66歳女性で、咬合の不調和を訴えて朝日大学附属病院に来院した。いずれも慢性関節リウマチにて加療中である。両症例ともに前歯部開咬で臼歯部の咬合接触数が少なかったが、自覚的、他覚的に顎関節症の症状はない。X線写真で症例1は両側顎関節に骨吸収を認め、症例2は左側顎関節部に骨吸収を認めた。両症例とも慢性関節リウマチによる顎関節の変形により生じた咬合不調和と診断した。両側咀嚼、日中の噛みしめ禁止などの生活指導を行うとともに、補綴による咬合の回復を計画した。症例1ではクラウンおよびブリッジにより、症例2では咬合調整により咬合の安定を図り、患者の満足を得た。咬合接触分析装置の検査では術後には完全ではないものの咬合接触状態を回復していることを確認した。今回の症例から咬合の不調和を訴える慢性関節リウマチ患者に対する補綴治療は、患者のQOLを高めるためには有効な治療法である。We report two cases of chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients complaining of molar occlusal disharmony, who received prosthetic treatments to stabilize occlusion and achieved satisfactory outcomes. Case 1 was a 49-year old female, and Case 2 was a 66-year old female. They visited Asahi University Hospital with a chief complaint of occlusal disharmony. They had been under treatment for chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Both patients had anterior open bites and a small number of occlusal contacts in molar regions. No subjective or objective temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptom was reported, however. On X-ray images, bone resorption was observed in bilateral TMJ joints in Case 1 and in left TMJ joint in Case 2. Both patients were diagnosed with occlusal disharmony associated with TMJ deformity induced by chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Some lifestyle guidance including bilateral mastication and prevention of daytime clenching was provided along with a prosthetic-treatment plan to restore occlusion. Their occlusions were stabilized with crown and bridge in Case 1, and with occlusal equilibration in Case 2. The patients were satisfied with the outcomes. After the operation, restoration of occlusal contact, although it was not complete, was observed in a test using a device for occlusal contact analysis device. Hence, it was revealed that a prosthetic treatment for chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients complaining of occlusal disharmony would be eff ective to improve their quality of life.

下顎骨の過大と前方位、下顎骨の左方偏位および上顎中切歯唇側傾斜を伴う骨格性Ⅲ級と診断された25歳5か月の女性に対して、外科手術を併用した矯正歯科治療を行った。上顎両側第一小臼歯を抜去した後、プリアジャストエッジワイズ装置を用いて術前矯正治療を行った。術前矯正治療後、下顎枝矢状分割術により下顎骨を後方へ移動した結果、良好なオーバージェット、オーバーバイト、Ⅰ級の犬歯、フルステップのⅡ級大臼歯関係および緊密な咬頭嵌合が得られた。保定開始から2年1か月を経過した後も、安定した咬合関係を保っており、患者の十分な満足が得られた。The present report describes the surgical orthodontic treatment in a 25-year-5-month-old female having a skeletal ClassIII malocclusion with excessive mandible, mandibular anterior position, mandibular deviation, and labial inclination of upper central incisors. The patient performed sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. After extraction of upper first premolars, the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was performed with preadjusted edgewise appliance. After a retention period of two years and one month, the occlusal stability was maintained with good facial profile.

Recently, the composite resin restoration with adhesive material is used for dental treatment frequently, because the studies of caries and the research and development of the adhesive system for tooth have advanced.However, it is reported that the adhesive decline by various factors causes the detachment of the dental restoration, marginal leakage, secondary caries. It is reported that the factor of the adhesive decline is the following: the deterioration of the stress concentration to the resin-dentin interface by the polymerization shrinkage of resin, the pollution with blood or saliva of the arrival at cover side, survival of the caries dentin, the penetration defectiveness to a sound tooth substance of the adhesive material, the survival or elution of non-olymerization monomer, and the deterioration of adhesive material or the tooth substance.At present, the approaches to improve the long-term durability of dental adhesive materials are the following three. The first one is the study of materials of inhibiting MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinases) in dentin: MMPs hydrolyzes the collagen fiber of the adhesion interface part.Second is the study to improve osmosis and polymerizing ability of the monomer to inhibit the flow of the water in the adhesion interface.Final one is the study to blockade the microcavity which occurred in the adhesion interface.This report is the brief explanation of our research: long-term durability of dental adhesive restoration materials.

The structure of the ctenidium of the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis was histologically examined. In the ventral bend, the principal and the ordinary filaments, joined each other by the cilia, were flattened and bent. The tip of the ventral bend had no specialized trough, nor the food groove. The inside surface of the dorsal bend formed the based ciliated tract and the outer surface was not fused to the mantle and visceral mass. In the inside of the dorsal bend, each vessel of the principal and the ordinary filaments are coupled together. The dorsal respiratory expansion was developed on the branchial cavity side of the principal filament. The vessel of dorsal respiratory expansion connects the vessel of principal filament and the inter-laminar connecting vessel. The lips are composed by two lobes of lip-apparatus on the upper lip and by three lobes of lip-apparatus on the lower lip. The lobes are composd of branched lobules on the lip-apparatus.

It is thought that acquiring proper oral cleaning methods and lifestyle habits in school age leads to lifetime dental health. However, in school age, as the dentition changes, the condition of the oral cavity changes markedly, making it difficult to reliably clean the mouth. In addition, because school-age children are in the stage of transition from health care by parents to self-management in adulthood, it is considered that school age children cannot carry out oral cleaning sufficiently. The aim of this study is to investigate relationships between actual condition of dental health awareness and dental health behavior of parents and their children. A questionnaires survey was conducted on 685 pairs of primary school children and their parents (of which 659 pairs were valid). As a result, it was found that the dental awareness and dental behavior of children change largely from the third grade. Finish polishing by parents ceased to be carried out from the 3rd grade and it turned out that 3rd graders became disliked tooth brushing. As for eating habits such as snacking and mealtime, the number of times of snacking increases from the 3rd grade and eating time becomes irregular due to eating habits independent of parents. These findings leads the idea that dental care learning at school age should focus on third graders. Therefore, the next research aimed to clarify the effect of third-year school dental learning on the dental health awareness, dental behavior, and oral hygiene practice of children. After dental checkup by a dentist for 45 elementary school third graders (24 boys, 21 girls), they learned the dental health by a nursing teacher and were asked questions one month before, just after, and three weeks after the dental health learning. The questionnaires were ten items on dental awareness and dental health behavior, and the order of questions was changed at random. As a result, the effect of dental health learning was found to be effective in terms of dental health awareness and behavior. In the influence on dental health awareness, both sex improved awareness that teeth are thought to be important by dental health learning. However, girls improved their dental health awareness that they liked tooth brushing improved after learning, but boys did not improve. From this, it is considered that the effect of dental health learning to dental health awareness / behavior is difficult to improve in boys. This study also showed that bleeding at the brushing time in boys was more than in girls, and that the ratio was more in the group of periodontal disease. In addition, the relationship was found in boys between the periodontal disease and no tooth brushing habit in the morning. In the refreshing feeling after tooth brushing, both sex got higher just after dental health learning. However, it did not continue. It can be said that the feeling seems to lead to motivation for dental health behavior, so repeated dental health learning leads to better fixation of dental health behavior.

The structure of the ctenidium of the Noble scallop Mimachlamys nobilis was histologically examined. In the ventral and the dorsal bends, the principal and the ordinary filaments, joined each other by the cilia, were flattened and bent. The tip of the ventral bend had no specialized trough, or the food groove. In the dorsal bend region the inside surface of the sickle-shaped tip formed the based ciliated tract, whereas the outer surface of that was not fused to the mantle and visceral mass. The dorsal respiratory expansion was contained within the wall of the principal filament of from the proximal to about half. The inside of the expansion was comprised of the tabular blood vessels which exhibited the similar architecture of the inter-laminar connecting vessels. The lips were composed by two lobes of lip-apparatus of the upper lip and by three lobes of lip-apparatus of lower lip, and the upper lip and the lower lip were engaged each other securely. The inside surface of the lips and the lobes was covered with the cilia.

We conducted a questionnaire survey on the status of mouth guard use in 40 clubs belonging to the Keio University Athletic Association in February 2014. The survey items assessed the following : ① presence or absence and frequency of daily use of mouth guard, and whether the mouth guard used is custom made ; ② experience of mouth and tooth injury and the presence or absence of the mouth guard when the injury occurred ; and ③ experience of concussion and the presence or absence of a mouth guard when the concussion occurred. A total of 1,046 individuals responded, including 796 males (76.1%) and 250 females (23.9%). The average ages of male and female respondents were 20.1 and 19.9 years old, respectively. Three hundred nine (29.5%) were mouth guard wearers, 247 of which were male (31.0%) and 62 of which were female (24.8%). One hundred fortyfour respondents (13.8%) had experienced mouth and tooth injuries (110 ［13.8%］ male and 34 ［13.6%］ female), while 142 (13.6%) respondents had experienced concussion (136 ［17.1%］ male and 6 ［2.4%］ female). More than 5 people used mouth guards in the rugby, American football, lacrosse, Shorinji Kempo and baseball sports clubs among males and the lacrosse club among females. In the rugby, American football, lacrosse (females only), and Shorinji Kempo clubs, the prevalence of mouth guard wearing exceeded 90%. The major reasons for being discontent with wearing mouth guards were "a foreign sensation" in baseball, breathing trouble in Shorinji Kempo , and poor pronunciation in rugby, American football, and lacrosse (both males and females), accounting for about 25%. Regarding the influence of mouth guards on the prevention of mouth and tooth injuries, we did observe a prevention effect in this study. However, we could not separate this effect from those of physique difference and years of experience using this survey method alone. The same is true for concussion., 研究資料

Osteochondral injury, a simultaneous damage of articular cartilage and bone tissues, requires implantation of a bilayer scaffold (porous bodies / sponges) in which the first and second layer is optimized for cartilage and bone tissues regeneration, respectively. To promote the cartilage regeneration, the first layer is combined with cartilage tissue-engineering strategy that is a deliberate attempt to obtain in vitro cartilage by culturing and maturing stem cells. Collagen-based material is a gold standard for tissue-engineering scaffold, and commonly fabricated from the monomeric form of collagen (liquid state), owing to easiness of fabrication. Nonetheless, collagen in the native tissues exist in the fibrillar form (gel-like state), thereby the fibrillar collagen scaffold is expected to elicit more superior biological properties to the monomeric counterpart. Composite material of collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAp) is generally used as a scaffold for bone tissue. The current methods to fabricate bilayer scaffold is by knitting or gluing collagen sponge and collagen-HAp composite, which pose risk of delamination. Therefore, a continuous bilayer scaffold: collagen sponge with gradient content of HAp is desired. Electrolysis was previously used to simultaneously deposit fibrillar collagen and HAp; justifying the attempt to investigate electrolysis to fabricate continuous bilayer scaffold. Iron-oxide nanoparticle (IONP) with magnetic property has been reported to support bone cells proliferation. This thesis initially aims to elucidate the advantage of fibrillar to monomeric collagen sponges as a cartilage tissue-engineering scaffold; thereafter, the thesis focuses to construct a continuous bilayer scaffold optimized for regenerating osteochondral injury. It was discovered that collagen structure influenced the morphology of attached fibroblast, with the fibrillar collagen sponge supported higher proliferation rate to monomeric sponges. Next, electrolysis was used to prepare fibrillar collagen/HAp scaffold; chitosan was added to improve the fibril formation of collagen. Fibrillar collagen/HAp/chitosan sponges supported the faster proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and the larger production of cartilage tissue-related extracellular matrices compared to the monomeric collagen/HAp/chitosan sponges. Next, electrolysis was used to produce fibrillar collagen-chitosan scaffolds with gradient HAp content; further addition of IONP successfully improved the proliferation rate of osteoblast (bone cells) cultured in the HAp-rich region of scaffolds. In parallel, other configuration of a continuous bilayer scaffold consisting of collagen/HAp sponge and IONP-impregnated HAp-sintered body was fabricated by simultaneously electrolyzing the latter structure in the presence of collagen/HAp solution. In conclusion, a fibrillar collagen scaffold containing IONP and gradient content of HAP is considered as an ideal scaffold to simultaneously regenerate cartilage and bone tissues in the osteochondral injury.