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Start Over Descriptor "tacrine" Language japanese
2 results on '"tacrine"'

1. Shimotsu-to improves transient cerebral ischemia and scopolamine-induced impairment in passive avoidance performance in mice

Subjects
passive avoidance performance, mice, tacrine, transient cerebral ischemia, Shimotsu-to, scopolamine
Abstract

In the previous paper, our group reported that Shimotsu-to improved scopolamine-induced spatial cognitive deficits in rats using an 8-arm radial maze. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Shimotsu-to on the impairment induced by transient cerebral ischemia in mice in passive avoidance performance. Shimotsu-to (6.0 g/kg, p.o.) administered one hour before operation showed the protective effect on impairment induced by the cerebral ischemia reperfusion. We also studied the efficacy of Shimotsu-to and its four crude fractions, Angelica Root, Cnidium Rhizome, Peony Root and Rehmannia Root on scopolamine-induced acquisition impairment. Shimotsu-to prevented scopolamine-induced acquisition impairment at dose of 1.5 and 6.0 g/kg (p.o.). Among the four constituents, Angelica and Peony prolonged the latency of step-down and decreased the number of errors in the retention trial at a high dose (1.5 g/kg, p.o.). Whereas Rehmannia and Cnidium did not show any effect in the same performance. These results suggested that Angelica and Peony played an important role in the anti-amnesic effect of Shimotsu-to. The effect of Shimotsu-to on amnesia could not be explained entirely by the contribution of Angelica and Peony. The absence of any one of its constituents resulted in the loss of activity.

Published
2001

2. [Anti-dementia drugs for Alzheimer disease in present and future].

Author

Nabeshima T, Noda Y, and Kamei H

Subjects
Acetylcholine physiology, Alzheimer Disease etiology, Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism, Carbamates, Donepezil, Drug Design, Galantamine, Humans, Indans, Memantine, Piperidines, Rivastigmine, Tacrine, tau Proteins metabolism, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Cholinesterase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Phenylcarbamates
Abstract

Alzheimer disease(AD) is characterized as neurodegenerative disease showing impairment of cognitive function, death of neuronal cells, numerous numbers of senile plaques and tangle of neurofilaments. There are two different hypotheses that neurotoxicity of aggregated amyloid beta protein(A beta) and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are the causes of AD. The dysfunction of cholinergic neuronal system is observed in the early stage of AD. Therefore, the strategy to increase of acetylcholine (ACh) level in brain by using ACh esterase inhibitor is mainstream in the present. We have tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. Tacrine, the first drug for AD, is replaced by other drugs, because of its hepatic toxicity. Galantamine binds allosteric sites of nicotine receptor and stimulates it in addition to its inhibitory effect on ACh esterase. Metamantine was approved in EU in 2002. It is non-competitive inhibitor of NMDA receptors, and dopamine releaser, which has neuroprotective effect. All of the above drugs improve cognitive function of patients, and they could delay hospitalization for 7 months or more. In the present anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-oxidative drugs and estrogen are under investigation. As anti-A beta therapy, inhibitors of beta -and gamma-secretase, A beta aggregation inhibitors, A beta degradation stimulators and A beta vaccination are possible strategies. The inhibitors of tau protein phosphorylation and activators of phosphates could be that of anti-tau protein phosphorylation. Additionally, it is expected to have the strategies such as neuroregeneration by neurotorophic factors and immunopyline ligands, and supply of neuronal cells by gene therapy and human ES cells.

Published
2002

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