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The research is devoted to the development of the composition of the gel-forming mixture and the selection of the percentage of components for obtaining intestinal-soluble seamless capsules with probiotics. The purpose of the research is to develop equipment for the manufacture of capsules obtained by the drip method. Capsules must have good structural and mechanical characteristics, the correct shape and resistance to physical influences, in this regard, it is necessary to select the required components and develop the composition of the mixture to obtain the specified structural and mechanical characteristics of capsules. The authors of the article have developed a methodology and a scheme for conducting an experiment that allows to obtain the characteristics of capsules that meet all requirements. A mixture of food gelatin and sodium alginate was chosen as a gel-forming mixture, which showed the best results in the manufacture of capsules. As a result of the experiment, it was found out that the best results were shown by a mixture with a composition of 1% food gelatin and 1% sodium alginate. The composition of the mixture is selected in such a way that, without dissolving in the acidic environment of the stomach, it passes into the intestine, and in the alkaline environment of the intestine it dissolves and releases the probiotics available in the capsules. In the future, seamless capsules with probiotics will be used in the manufacture of functional products that improve the functioning of the immune system. Based on the experimental setup for encapsulating probiotics, industrial equipment will be developed to produce seamless capsules obtained by the drip method.

The aim of the study is to improve the centrifuge for separating fat from pork rinds. In this article, we will consider a centrifuge for separating fat from flakes for feed flour for animal husbandry. In the food industry, heterogeneous systems are separated by centrifugation.In meat processing plants, products entering centrifugation are structureless or structured colloidal-dispersed systems (liquid or flexible bodies) or bulk bodies. The latter include products consisting of a set of solid homogeneous particles of a smaller size that do not take into account the tensile load. It is known that colloidal substances have redundancy in specific gravity and internal surface, therefore they have high adsorption properties and the ability to absorb a large amount of moisture. Colloidal products entering centrifugation separate the liquid contained in them into free and bound. However, such a classification cannot give a clear character of the mechanism of communication between the liquid and the material and does not take into account the specifics of the material itself. A fairly correct and mostly accurate picture of the relationship between a liquid and a material can be shown by a diagram of the forms of communication between a material and a liquid, the structure of which is based on the intensity of the bonds between the material and the liquid. According to these data, there are three forms of material-liquid bonding: chemical, physico-chemical and mechanical bonding. The chemical bond is stronger, and in this case the release of liquid from the material can be achieved by chemical interaction or by intense thermal action (heating). The physico-chemical bond of the liquid with the material can be observed in adsorption, osmotic and structural bonds. The liquid adsorptively bound to the material is separated by evaporation, desorption – during osmotic contact-by the formation of an extracellular concentrated solution. The liquid with structural bonds is mechanically held by the material, and its molecular layer is adsorptively bound. To separate the liquid having a structural connection with the material, methods of evaporation, pressing, fractional centrifugation or structural destruction are used.

Fire and its derivatives (soot and ash) played an essential role in the traditional culture of the Kazakhs, whose relics are revered to this day. This article examines traditional Kazakh ideas of fire, soot, and ash, their functions and roles in ritual practice, as well as the symbolic content of these elements. Fire, as one of the elements of nature, becomes the mediator that “cultivated” man and became one of the archaic universals of culture. Being one of the most archaic elements of culture, fire is part of the cultural code. Using a functional approach, the authors of the article identify the practical functions of fire, which form the basis of the symbolic content in the ritual practice of the Kazakh people. Using the semantic method and cross-cultural analysis, the authors identify the symbolic content of fire. At the same time, this study is characterized by the collection and analysis of a wide range of materials (macro approach) from the cultures of Turkic and other peoples, which makes it possible to identify the main elements of these practices and their variants (types) in the global cultural space.

The article presents the results of studies of the operating modes of the installation for encapsulation, as well as obtained data on the viscosity of the working fluid. At various frequencies of rotation of the peristaltic pump, the performance of this installation and the viscosity of the gelling fluid at various temperatures were determined. According to the results of the experiments, the optimal speed of the peristaltic pump for these nozzles (40 rpm) and the temperature of the gel-forming liquid (40 ºС) were revealed.