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From many years, studies on psychoanalysis were built within a Newtonian framework. Today, with updated contemporary knowledge about quantum physics, we have the opportunity to bring a deeper appreciation to the study of psychoanalysis. Based on the contemporary development of quantum mechanics, I sought to demonstrate how these developments are compatible with psychoanalytic psychotherapy. By illustrating the supervised psychotherapy case below, I sketch a line of thought about a quantum-like modeling in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, specifically in the psychoanalytic listening. Finally, I have proposed ‘Quantum Listening’ eventually transmitting this quantum-like perspective of psychoanalytic listening to the rest of the psychoanalyst community and psychiatrist society in general. Through this paper, I hope to demonstrate how quantum physics is applicable to psychoanalysis. Although it is hard to know how much credence is given to the concept ‘Quantum Listening’, it does add motivation for a more comprehensive understanding of psychoanalytic listening. This short and basic paper is a preliminary to ‘Quantum Listening’ and further research will be carried out afterwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the trend of research on food and culture in papers published in the Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture from 1986 to 2020. The journals published a total of 329 papers, which we classified into 5 main categories and 13 middle categories. Of these, 204 articles were on “Korean traditional food culture.” The most studied topic in the entire period was “Perception of Koreans towards traditional food, preference, satisfaction, and usage.” A total of 76 studies related to “Korean contemporary food culture.” The most advanced topic researched concerned “Recognition and attitude”; these studies were consistently carried out throughout the research period. The main classification of “World food culture” encompassed 32 studies, with major research focused on “World's Modern Food Culture” and the most advanced being “Comparison of Food Cultures of Foreign and Korean Food Cultures.” All studies were consistently spaced out during the study period. These studies provide an integrated knowledge in the field of food and culture and can be used as a basic material for related research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical foundation for resolving ethical issues arising from the biomedical big data analytics on emerging infectious diseases. To this end, this paper first compares the moral issues arising from the analysis of healthcare big data for emerging infectious diseases with the existing problem areas of biomedical ethics. We will discuss how existing bioethical debates, especially those dealing with the issue of individual autonomy, are inadequate to address the ethical issues of biomedical big data analytics for emerging infectious diseases, even though they have some relevance. Based on these discussions, I will present one approach to addressing the ethical issues of biomedical big data analytics for emerging infectious diseases, centered on L. Floridi’s notion of agents. This will provide an opportunity to expand the existing discussion of bioethics to include information ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is used to quantify the subjective state of patients before and after the treatment. The electronic method was recently developed and used for the completion of PROM, in addition to the conventional paper and pencil method. This study identified whether the results of Foot Function Index (FFI) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) using the paper and pencil method was different from those using the electronic method. Materials and Methods: Between May 2016 and August 2016, 42 patients who were admitted to the Seoul Foot and Ankle Center two days before surgery were included for evaluation. The mean age was 46 years (range, 21-72 years). There were 29 males and 13 females. To use the electronic method, the PADAS software (PADAS, Seoul, Korea) was implemented using a touch pad. The primary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using either the paper-and-pencil method or the electronic method. At 24 hours after the primary test, a secondary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using the other method. Then, we identified the reliability of FFI and FAOS between the two methods by calculating the intraclass coefficient. Results: Twenty-two patients underwent the first trial using the paper-and-pencil method, and 20 patients underwent the first trial using the electronic method. Of the 42 patients, 8 patients were excluded from this study and only 34 patients were included in this study. The reliability of FFI was excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.957, and the reliability of FAOS was also excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.840. Conclusion: The paper-and-pencil method and the electronic method have the same result for the completion of FFI and FAOS in this study. Therefore, it is commonly considered that the completion of FFI and FAOS using the electronic method can be applied in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first study analyzes the aeromedical consultation outcomes for Korean military flight crews diagnosed with malignant tumors. It highlights the increasing incidence of cancers such as thyroid and lung cancer, underscoring the need for regular health check-ups and thorough aeromedical evaluations. The second paper addresses the significant fatigue experienced by air operations control officers due to shift work. It suggests restructuring shift schedules to ensure adequate rest and maintain performance. The third study explores the effects of low-dose radiation on cognitive functions, suggesting potential benefits such as improved cell repair mechanisms, though it also calls for cautious application due to ongoing debates. The fourth paper examines the operational environment for urban air mobility, emphasizing the need for robust air traffic management systems and addressing vertical take-off and landing challenges. Lastly, the fifth study compares Korea’s aircraft maintenance personnel qualification system with international standards, recommending the adoption of competency-based training to enhance educational quality. Together, these studies contribute valuable insights and potential solutions for advancing aerospace and environmental medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior ankle impingement is a frequent cause of chronic ankle pain and swelling. A pathological examination has been reclassified as “anterior ankle impingement syndrome.” Soft tissue impingement is prevalent in the anterolateral compartment of the ankle, while a bony spur often causes impingement in the anteromedial compartment. Although open surgery has yielded good outcomes historically, it is associated with several complications. On the other hand, the development of ankle arthroscopy has reduced these risks significantly and has been used effectively in numerous studies to treat impingements caused by anterior bony spurs or soft tissue. An accurate preoperative clinical diagnosis and diagnostic imaging are critical for surgical planning, particularly for identifying bony spurs in front of the ankle. Narrowing joint space, large bone fragments, and other factors can influence the surgical outcomes. Computed tomography scans precisely evaluate the bony spur size, while magnetic resonance imaging scans help assess soft tissue lesions. Therefore, understanding diagnosis and treatment is important, and an accurate understanding of patient prognostic factors, such as osteoarthritis and degenerative osteoarthritis, eventually affects patient outcomes. This paper discusses the clinical symptoms, causes, diagnosis, surgical method, and postoperative rehabilitation of anteromedial and anterolateral ankle impingement syndrome and reports the results of arthroscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents a unique case of checkrein deformities in both halluces following isolated intramuscular sarcoidosis, a rare occurrence given the infrequent musculoskeletal involvement in sarcoidosis. Typically resulting from flexor hallucis longus tendon entrapment by scar tissue post-trauma, the checkrein deformity reported in this paper presented with unusual metatarsophalangeal joint flexion and interphalangeal joint extension during ankle dorsiflexion. A 49-year-old woman with a history of intramuscular sarcoidosis presented with a great toe deformity and discomfort while wearing shoes, leading to a diagnosis of dynamic deformity, possibly attributed to tendon tethering by sarcoidosis. Surgical treatments, including abductor hallucis muscle intratendinous tenotomy, flexor hallucis longus Z-plasty lengthening, Weil osteotomy, and Kirschner wire fixation, significantly improved the functional scores and patient discomfort. This report underscores the importance of recognizing dynamic deformities and the potential for rare diseases, such as sarcoidosis, to cause such conditions, highlighting the need for careful diagnosis and tailored surgical intervention for atypical checkrein deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated how interprofessional education (IPE) related to medication for undergraduate healthcare students, including nursing students, has been designed and conducted. Furthermore, the outcomes of these IPE programs were evaluated. Methods: A scoping review was performed to understand the content and methods of IPE on medication for undergraduate healthcare students, including nursing students. A literature search was done using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Nursing Database in English between January 2000 and December 2022. In total, 14 papers were selected and reviewed. Results: Eleven research studies were conducted on the implementation of one-time IPE on medication safety or errors. Among them, six studies focused on providing IPE to nursing students alongside medical and pharmacy students, while three studies targeted nursing and medical students, and two studies focused on nursing and pharmacy students. The most commonly employed educational method was simulation, which was utilized in 12 studies. All studies consistently reported a positive impact on attitudes toward IPE and effective communication. Additionally, five studies evaluating medication knowledge reported improvements in participants’ understanding of drugs. Conclusion: The effects of IPE related to medication for undergraduate nursing students have been confirmed. It is necessary to introduce IPE in the field of pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections and inflammatory conditions of immature musculoskeletal systems in pediatric patients also affect the adjacent muscles, connective tissues, and joints. Rapid diagnosis leading to appropriate treatment can significantly impact the occurrence of complications and mortality rates due to these conditions. When a radiologist becomes familiar with the imaging findings of pediatric musculoskeletal infections and inflammatory diseases, rapid differential diagnoses and more timely and appropirate treatment could be possible. In this paper, we introduce the imaging findings of infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting the immature musculoskeletal system, such as osteomyelitis, pyogenic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and hemophilic arthritis, based on the anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics of the immature musculoskeletal system in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of Volume 34, Issue 1 contains 5 papers, 3 original articles, 2 review articles, and 0 case report. By subject, there were 0 papers on Aerospace Medicine, 5 on Aviation Human Factors, and 0 on Aviation Nursing. The first paper investigated the effect of self-management competence on social anxiety among students in an aviation program at a college, based on a survey of 90 students. Conducted with careful consideration of student anonymity, this study found that higher self-management competence are associated with lower social anxiety. The second paper explored the introduction of a pre-safety assessment and consulting system in the aviation industry, gathering and analyzing opinions from professionals through an online survey. The third study analyzed air traffic control threats and their impact, using data collected from Line Operations Safety Audits, and presented statistically significant findings. The fourth paper focused on fatigue management strategies for shift workers in air traffic control, reviewing related domestic and international laws and regulations and emphasizing the need for effective fatigue management. Lastly, the fifth paper discussed the characteristics of low-cost carriers and their ripple effects on the air transport market, examining both positive and negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pancreatitis is a non-reversible, progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas that is caused by repeated inflammation. It is characterized by morphological changes in the parenchyma and main pancreatic duct as pancreatic tissue is damaged and fibrosis progresses. These changes can lead to exocrine and endocrine dysfunction in patients with chronic pancreatitis, with major complications including pain, endocrine or exocrine insufficiency, and increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Of these, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a state of malabsorption in which more than 15 g of fat is excreted per day. It can be diagnosed and assessed using several methods, but these methods are currently difficult to use in Korea and have low compliance, making them low utility. Recently, the PEI-questionnaire (PEI-Q) was developed to diagnose and assess patients’ exocrine insufficiency. It has been validated in foreign countries and has the potential to be used as a tool for diagnosing exocrine insufficiency with simple questions. This paper will review the diagnostic methods for existing exocrine insufficiency and the usefulness and utilization of the PEI-Q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischial bursitis is a relatively common cystic lesion that is palpable as a mass in the buttocks. On the other hand, hemorrhagic ischial bursitis accompanied by vascular injury is uncommon, and it can be challenging to diagnose clinically or radiologically. This paper reports a 74-year-old male patient with a cystic lesion in the right ischial tuberosity that occurred after a fall from a ladder 2 months earlier. The initial diagnosis of ischial bursitis was suggested, but conservative treatment did not lead to improvement. Subsequent follow-up showed that the condition was a hemorrhagic ischial bursitis with vascular damage involving a branch of the internal pudendal artery. The patient experienced improvement after undergoing percutaneous embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant cell tumors of bone are benign tumors that tend to be locally aggressive and occasionally cause hematogenous metastasis to the lung, accounting for approximately 6% of all primary bone tumors. The occurrences in the ankle joint are approximately 4%, and cases in the distal fibula are particularly rare. This paper presents a case of a 21-year-old female patient with a giant cell tumor who treated with a bone endoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical method, and the structure of the bone was preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global seed distribution market is rapidly transforming into a high-value-added seed market, with the production and distribution of processed seeds expanding, led by multinational seed companies. However, domestic seed companies still lack investment in seed processing, and the level of technology for processing distributed seeds is relatively low. The proportion of seeds processed and produced by seed companies must be increased to transform the domestic seed industry into an internationally competitive export industry. According to the results of a survey of 2,679 domestic companies by the National Seed and Variety Service (2021), the main business field of seed companies is seed production (1,192 companies), followed by seed sales (1,041 companies), nurseries (328 companies), and seed processing (35 companies). In conclusion, few companies conduct business in the field of seed processing. Accordingly, the government plans to build seed-processing facilities for joint utilization by seed companies to expand the supply of high-quality seeds from domestic seed companies. To this end, we investigated the seedprocessing status of major seed companies and conducted a demand survey for facilities and equipment in the seed-processing field. Details and operational plans for the establishment of a tentatively named ‘Seed Enterprise Joint Utilization Seed Processing Center,’ based on domestic companies' processing status and demands, are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of soft tissue masses occur in the lower extremities. A mass associated with blood vessels is often difficult to diagnose. A 15-year-old male patient visited the author's hospital with discomfort and edema in his right calf that had persisted for six months. A physical examination showed no palpable mass other than mild edema. Three masses were found during the ultrasound scan along the small saphenous vein. The masses had a cyst-like appearance and were filled with thrombus. In duplex ultrasound, vascular reflux was represented inside the masses. During surgery, it was suspected that vascular deformation occurred in the small saphenous vein, and simple ligation and resection treatments were performed. The patient was finally diagnosed with venous aneurysms accompanied by thrombosis based on the histology tests. The symptoms disappeared after surgery, and there were no recurrences or unusual findings at the follow-up one year later. Venous aneurysms occurring in the superficial veins of the lower extremities are rarely reported, but treatment and diagnosis are important. This paper reports a case of an aneurysm on the small saphenous vein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lupus panniculitis is a rare disease that may present with similar clinical manifestations to an infection, such as cellulitis or abscess. This paper reports a case of a 25-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who underwent surgical intervention initially with the suspicion of an abscess but who was eventually diagnosed with lupus panniculitis. Despite the low incidence of lower leg involvement of panniculitis, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an etiology other than infection when encountering patients with inflammatory diseases. Moreover, a skin biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging with a diffusion-weight image may be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air travel market has changed significantly by the emergence of a lowcost carrier (LCC). The LCCs offer lower fares and fewer frills than the traditional full service carriers (FSCs). The key competitive advantage of the LCCs is their ability to offer significantly lower fares, or at least to create the image of offering lower fares, while being able to generate profits by having low unit costs. LCCs have reshaped the competitive environment within air travel markets and have made significant impacts in the domestic passenger markets, which had previously been largely controlled by FSCs. The new demand for air travel experience through the low fares of low-cost airlines increases the likelihood of choosing not only low-cost airlines but also existing large airlines when choosing air travel. This generally equates to the intention of customers to move to more advanced products as their experience with new products increases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to theoretically discuss the operating characteristics and market ripple effects of low-cost airlines, and to explore the theoretical implications of existing papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how medicine, which has developed instrumental and methodological treatment processes, has situated the body within the context of disease through the doctor’s diagnostic procedure, and how such a body can be “saved” through the intervention of doctors and medical knowledge. As an alternative to medical practice, we would like to consider how it is incorporated into objective and data-oriented bodies while placed in normal or desirable “becoming”. Medical practice, tailored to generalized and standardized health standards aimed at “correcting” the patient’s body, often overlooks the individual characteristics of the patient and the context of their life. The dazzling development of digital technology is changing countless biotechnology and the landscape of life. The body can no longer remain at its natural level, and there is no need for it to do so. As the focus is on “saving” and “correcting,” the gap between the patient’s viewpoints and the doctor’s perspective, which seeks to achieve a “cure,” may gradually increase. Furthermore, with the primary focus on improving treatment success rates, the patient's body is reduced to data as they transition from the treatment room, where personal interaction is possible, to the examination and operating rooms. This transformation reflects a medical field that combines invasive procedures with treatment, striving to adhere to heightened standards of objectivity. The fact that the patient is alienated and helpless can easily be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the concept of the dynamic consent model and to provide a legal basis for applying this model to human subject research under Korean law. Dynamic consent is a consent model that gives study participants the opportunity to change the specifics of their consent or withdraw all or part of it, even after the initial consent. This study explains the understanding of dynamic consent, the background of its origin, its operational cases, and examines the positive and negative aspects of dynamic consent. In addition, the paper proposes amendments to the Bioethics and Safety Act necessary for the institutionalization of dynamic consent. The dynamic consent legislation proposed by this study could contribute to strengthening the ethics, transparency, and self-determination of participants in human subject research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease and is currently a global pandemic. The disease presents mainly with respiratory symptoms, but a broad spectrum of extrapulmonary complications have also been reported in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Peripheral nerve injury associated with COVID-19 infections can be caused by direct viral invasion or secondary immune response to neural tissue with the same receptors as alveoli, but its clinical course is poorly understood. Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is a pure motor neuropathy that causes paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger, and the pronator quadratus muscles. The cause of this syndrome is not clearly understood, but may be related to viral infection, autoimmune response, or vaccination. This paper reported a case of partial recovery with conservative treatment in acute anterior interosseous nerve syndrome following COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronoid process of the ulna surrounds the distal humerus and plays a vital role in posterior dislocation and posterolateral rotational instability. Elbow stability may not be possible if there is a more than 50% loss. Anteromedial facet fractures can lead to instability, radioulnar synostosis. ulnohumeral arthrosis, severe stiffness. Therefore, surgical fixation is required to ensure adequate elbow stability and decrease the risk of posttraumatic ulnohumeral arthrosis. There are several approaches for the repair of coronoid process fractures. In most cases, the posterior approach was used to make a transosseous tunnel connecting the posterior aspect of the olecranon to fix the fracture site. During surgery, the additional dissection required to repair the coronoid might increase the infection risk, nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, and elbow stiffness. The author performed a modified suture lasso and plate fixation with good outcomes. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interlocking intramedullary nail is the most popular device for managing tibial shaft fractures. Interlocking screws should be inserted to prevent rotation at the fracture site, but inserting distal interlocking screws by free hand technique requires time and skill. The Brooker-Wills tibial nail was designed to stretch out distal metal fins after settling the nail in position. On the other hand, Brooker-Wills nails should be removed for reasons such as chronic osteomyelitis, and folding the distal metal fins is necessary. Nevertheless, many problems arise in this process. Usually, the removal of Brooker-Wills tibial nails is not attempted because of this trouble. The authors tried a new method and could fold the fins successfully in a 30-year-old Brooker-Wills tibial nail, which had to be removed to cure a chronic osteomyelitis around the nail. This paper reports the case of a 72-year-old male with a review of the relevant literature to suggest a useful method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified Phemister technique, which fixes the acromioclavicular joint with a k-wire and fixes the coronoid process and clavicle with a sling, has often been used as surgical treatment for dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint. This technique has the advantage of allowing early rehabilitation exercises with accurate anatomical reduction and firm fixation. On the other hand, some complications have been reported, such as infection, deformation recurrence, fixation complications, erosion of the distal clavicle or fracture of the sling, and secondary arthritis. This study presents a patient who experienced shoulder pain and functional impairment after conservative treatment for a sling area insufficiency fracture that arose from using the modified Phemister technique. Locking screw plate fixation with tricortical iliac bone grafting and matchstick-shaped cancellous bone grafting were used, and successful outcomes were achieved. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intramedullary nail is the standard surgical treatment for atypical femoral fractures. On the other hand, atypical femoral fractures usually have severe bowing of the femur and a narrow intramedullary canal, making surgery difficult. Although the bone union rate is relatively high at 85%–98%, the healing period is longer than typical femoral fractures. Atypical femoral fracture has higher functional recovery after surgery than proximal femoral fragility fractures because it occurs in a relatively active elderly population. Recently, periprosthetic atypical femoral fractures have also been reported, but the outcomes of surgical treatment are yet to be satisfactory. Complications after surgery include nonunion, peri-implant fractures, and contralateral atypical femoral fractures. To prevent these complications, a stable implant should be used to fix the entire length from the femoral head to the lower part of the femur, accurate fracture reduction should be obtained, and the correction of lower extremity alignment can be helpful if there is severe anterolateral bowing. In addition, periodic follow-up is necessary to consider the possibility of contralateral atypical femoral fracture. The authors of this paper aim to analyze the results, complications, and reoperations after the surgical treatment of atypical femoral fractures based on previously published studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine how proprioception provides a sense of ownership over one’s body and physical actions. Proprioception is a sense that relies on somatic interoceptors rather than exteroceptors that receive external stimuli and has epistemic importance of knowing the presence, location, and movement of bodily parts. In this paper, I will argue that Shoemaker’s principle, “Immunity to Error through Misidentification (IEM)” can be applied to proprioception by focusing on one of the intrinsic features of proprioception: First-Person Perspective. I will advocate the following two arguments by defeating each of Marcel’s pathological counter-examples in turn. Proprioception is infallible in that it provides a sense of ownership over one’s body and physical actions. Second, proprioception is indispensable for the sense of ownership of one’s body and physical actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elucidates the novel direction of food research in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution characterized by personalized approaches. Since conventional approaches for identifying novel food materials for health benefits are expensive and time-consuming, there is a need to shift towards AI-based approaches which offer more efficient and cost- effective methods, thus accelerating progress in the field of food science. However, relevant research papers in this field present several challenges such as regional and ethnic differences and lack of standardized data. To tackle this problem, our study proposes to address the issues by acquiring and normalizing food and biological big data. In addition, the paper demonstrates the association between heath status and biological big data such as metabolome, epigenome, and microbiome for personalized healthcare. Through the integration of food-health-bio data with AI technologies, we propose solutions for personalized healthcare that are both effective and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a direction for future studies based on the analysis of the articles published in the Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care from 1998 to 2012. A total of 240 articles (51 reviews, 189 original) were examined in three five-year groups. Categories of analysis include authors' background (profession, region) and general characteristics and qualitative aspects of the original paper (participants, topic, study design, data analysis, ethical consideration, multidisciplinary approach, research funds and sample size estimation). While the journal publishes more of articles than before, it is mainly due to the increase in the number of review articles, not original articles. As for study topics, healthcare industry and physical symptoms were most frequently studied. The disparity in authors' regional background is fading, and more articles are published by nurses than before. Moreover, more studies are funded while fewer papers tend to adopt a multidisciplinary approach or focus on care givers. Also, in terms of a study design, the number of experimental and methodological studies has slightly increased. In the qualitative aspect, studies considered ethical issues and collected participation consent, and fewer studies reported an estimated sample size. In data analysis, post-adjustment comparison decreased, and new analytical methods are increasingly used. Our results indicate the need to conduct research with more extensive scientific data in various fields of hospice and palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a study of the ancient Egyptian papyrus text (Berlin 3024), “Conversation between a man weary of life and his soul-bar,” especially as translated and interpreted by H. Jacobsohn. The text was written approximately four thousand years ago and is believed to have been written in the period of turmoil before the collapse of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. As the absolute power of the pharaoh waned, so did the belief that one could rely on it for eternal life, and the Egyptians of that time began to be more concerned with their own internal lives than with the external world. In this story, the “life-weary” man experiences a mental crisis and even suicidal thoughts, but as he works through the crisis with his spirit, Ba, in the ancient Egyptian community, he discovers his internal world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs economic integration index to examine the determinants of regional integration of MERCOSUR and the Pacific Alliance (PA). We make integration index that consider intra-regional trade and supply chains. The results can be broadly summarized as follows: Firstly, political and institutional variables, which have been often overlooked in previous studies, are found to be important factors in the integration. Additionally, improvements in the political and institutional environment enhance both intra and extra-regional integration of the two trading blocs. Secondly, the promotion of intra-regional integration in the PA is found to also enhance extra-regional integration, whereas for MERCOSUR, the promotion of intra-regional integration hinders extra-regional integration. Thirdly, in the case of the PA, improvements in integration of regional supply chain lead to an increase in trade with extra-regional countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An osteochondral lesion of the talus is a disease that occurs at the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the ankle joint. Osteochondral lesions are common in children and adolescents. The osteochondral lesion is closely associated with sports injury. The epidemiological characteristics of medial and lateral lesions are different. The authors present a special case with concomitant medial and lateral osteochondral lesions of the talus. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a disease that leads to neurological symptoms such as neurogenic claudication, lumbosacral pain, and lower extremity radiating pain and is caused by mechanical compression, ischemia, and chemical stimulation of the spinal canal due to degenerative changes in the structures around the spinal canal. In addition to the main symptoms listed above, additional symptoms, such as motor weakness, sensory changes, and difficult urination, may occur. Approximately 32 cases of penile erection accompanied by symptoms of spinal canal stenosis have been reported worldwide so far, and none have been reported in Korea. This paper reports the case of a patient with spinal canal stenosis who had an erection accompanied by symptoms of lumbosacral pain and lower extremity radiating pain, which was treated by posterior decompression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly being used in the medical field. It is most actively used in the production of customized guides and implants, especially in orthopedics. Trauma, including traffic accidents, osteomyelitis, bone tumors, and congenital malformations can cause huge intractable bone defects that require customized bone reconstruction. In patients with malignant bone tumors, chemotherapy and radiation therapy can be continued even after bone reconstruction. As local recurrence of tumors is possible, more careful surgical planning is needed. In 3D-printed implants, “patient customization” does not mean just anatomical reconstruction by printing out the design to address the bone defect. Based on the surrounding bone and soft tissue conditions, some parts should be further reinforced or removed, and the mechanical axis should be adjusted as necessary to ensure stable and functional reconstruction. Efforts are also needed to reduce the weight and amount of metal while minimizing complications of skin and soft tissue that could be caused by metal irritation. In the event of metal damage, fractures of adjacent bones, arthritis, and infection, a 3D printing design is required to be made taking into account the possibility of secondary surgery in the future. In this paper, we would like to describe important issues while sharing the experience of using 3D-printed implants in various parts of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, arthroscopic microfracture and autologous osteochondral autograft transplantation have been the primary surgical treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus. On the other hand, recent advancements have introduced alternative approaches, such as autologous chondrocyte transplantation, matrix-derived autologous chondrocyte transplantation, intra-articular injection of concentrated bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and the use of fibrin glue to address chondral defects. Furthermore, some studies have explored a combination of bone marrow aspirate and matrix-derived chondrogenesis. In light of these developments, this report presents a case study of a young male patient in his early twenties with a relatively large osteochondral lesion exceeding 1.5 cm² on the medial talar dome. Instead of removing the osteochondral lesion, a surgical approach was employed to retain the lesion while addressing the unstable cartilage in the affected area. This approach involved a combination of bone marrow aspirate concentrate and matrix-derived chondrogenesis. The treatment yielded favorable clinical outcomes and ultimately successfully induced the bony union of osteochondral lesions. This paper reports the author's experience with this innovative approach with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroblastoma is a rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm that accounts for 1% of bone tumors and is common in the epiphysis of the long bones. The condition is rarely found in the talus bone (4% of cases). This paper reports a 15-year-old male patient treated for a talus bone lesion discovered incidentally on imaging. Excisional biopsy, curettage, and an autobone and allobone graft were performed, with good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroscience, often considered the foundational pillar of “digital bio,” which integrates medical life sciences with cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, has garnered substantial attention. In response to these evolving circumstances, the Korean government introduced the “4th Basic Plan for the Advancement of Brain Research” in June 2023. This plan aims to leverage and commercialize the accumulated findings of neuroscience while adapting to the rapid changes in advanced science and technology. While the promising future prospects and tangible outcomes of neuroscience are of paramount importance, there exists an issue of diminished emphasis on comprehensive research, particularly in the field of neuroethics, which addresses ethical, legal, and societal concerns, as outlined in the 3rd Basic Plan for the Promotion of Brain Research. Notably, the existing content related to the development of legal and policy frameworks to invigorate neuroethics remains unaddressed. Although efforts to leverage the outcomes of brain research are significant, the government must also play a vital role in reinforcing preventive measures, taking into account the long-term risks associated with neuroscience. Consequently, this paper undertakes the task of presenting recommendations from a legal policy standpoint to revitalize neuroethics through a comparative analysis and a review of prior studies across different governmental basic plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to describe how psychiatric delusion could be understood from Freud’s psychoanalytic point of view. In this paper, psychoanalytic meaning of delusion was explored for a film featuring a man who showed various psychiatric delusions different from a psychiatric patient. The film was <Él> made by director Luis Bunuel in 1952. It was introduced as in Korea. In the film, Francisco, the main male character, showed various delusional aspects such as erotic delusion, paranoia, delusion of persecution, delusion of relationship, delusion of grandeur, and delusion of litigation. Most of all, the plot revolved around the delusion of jealousy that showed doubts about the fidelity of Gloria, his wife. In addition, he had fetishism and obsessive compulsions, which was evident in his sexual desire he felt when he saw Gloria’s feet. In the film, various symptoms of Francisco showed seem to be scattered without any particular association with jealousy delusion. However, we could see that all of them were so systematically connected when we examined those various symptoms thoroughly from the perspective of combining passion and doubt. In this paper, Freud’s views on each delusion, obsessive compulsive symptoms and fetishism, and some cases he reported were described and a conceptual introduction to passion psychosis was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the legislative discussion of the Life-sustaining Treatment Decision Act, from the Supreme Court precedent in 2009 to the enactment of the Act in 2016. We examines what discussions were made for each issue and whether the decision was maintained or why it was suddenly omitted or changed. Considering the object of terminal stage of life and death, where different disciplines and practical fields overlap, this paper identifies how issues in the enactment discussion are interpreted, manipulated, and defined in order to reach agreement at each stage of discussion. Due to the nature of the legislative discussion in which several subjects repeatedly appear and leave, it is observed that even the concept that was agreed in the previous stage is lost in the next stage. This paper traces how discussions over the past seven years have been proceeded on these issues: people who can withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment; how one can decide when a patient is incompetent; the role of the institutional ethics committee; and issues of imposing and exempting responsibility for medical professionals. The authors, who tracked the short history of the published literature, concluded that the future enactment and revision of end-of-life care and death-related legislation requires a discussion structure that allows the entire society to participate in, and requires sufficient information to be generated and delivered as a prerequisite for discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mourning has been an important theme in the history of psychoanalysis. Life is interrupted by a series of losses and mourning. This paper attempts a psychoanalytic analysis of various mourning responses to losses in the film “The Father,” which details the inner life of a character who loses his memory due to dementia and the characters facing their own or others’ aging and death. The following are the main findings of this study: 1) Anne’s mourning over her separation from her father Anthony can be understood as aggressive phantasies and ambivalence; 2) Anthony’s mourning over his separation from Anne shows the process of moving from a paranoid-schizoid position to a depressive position; 3) Anthony’s mourning over his aging and death shows a narcissistic collapse; and 4) Anthony’s mourning over Lucy’s death is an example of an unmourned loss. There are also therapeutic implications for therapists working with patients in the mourning stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the useful treatment for treating diseases that cause pancreatic duct stenosis. However, if the stenosis is severe, accessories other than the guide wire cannot pass through. This makes the ERCP procedure difficult. At this time, cystotome, a type of diathermic dilator seems to be an option. In this paper, we would like to discuss the experience of treatment procedures using cystotome. Methods: Patients who underwent ERCP at a single tertiary hospital from November 2019 to October 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, cystotome was used in eight procedures in seven patients who passed the guide wire but failed to pass the stenosis. Results: Technical success was achieved in all eight times. All the balloon catheter smoothly passed through the stenosis after cystotome was performed. In the second ERCP, it was a functional success for the balloon catheter to pass through stenosis without further treatment. This was achieved in 6 out of 8 (75.0%). In the case of complications, only one of the total successful procedures developed mild pancreatitis, which led to additional hospitalization for about two days after the procedure, and improved after conservative treatment. Conclusions: Based on this, cystotome seems to be a good option as an alternative treatment to severe stenosis of the pancreatic duct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hook plate is commonly used to treat distal clavicle fractures or acromioclavicular joint dislocations with good clinical results. On the other hand, several complications related to the structural characteristics of the plate or the surgical procedure can occur. Several studies have reported problems with the distal part of the hook plate, such as acromion fracture or rotator cuff tear. Proximal problems, such as clavicle shaft fractures, are increasing owing to the increase in the elderly population with osteoporosis. In these two cases, after surgery using a hook plate, clavicle shaft fractures occurred proximal to the plate. Bone union and good clinical results were obtained through conservative treatment. This paper reports two cases of periprosthetic clavicle shaft fractures after surgery for type V distal clavicle fractures using a hook plate with a review of the relevant literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a secondary psoas abscess, it is essential to find the primary lesion and treat them together. Any delay in diagnosis and treatment for the primary lesion has a risk of increased morbidity and mortality. This paper reports a case in which a secondary psoas abscess occurred due to pyelonephritis of the residual kidney combined with a fistula of the ureter and duodenum in a patient who underwent partial nephrectomy 10 years earlier, but the diagnosis and treatment of the primary lesion were delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint can occur in contact sports or injuries from falling. Surgical treatment is required when the dislocation is severe in a young and active patient, but there is no accumulated surgical method yet. Recently, many surgical techniques using arthroscopy have been introduced due to the development of arthroscopic technology. Therefore, this paper examined the methods, results, and complications for the arthroscopic treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Text Summarization is one of the Natural Language Processing tasks. It generates a short abbreviated summary while preserving the content of the long text. ROUGE is a widely used lexical-overlap based metric for text summarization models in generative summarization benchmarks. Although it shows very high performance, the studies report that 30% of the generated summary and the text are still inconsistent. This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the performance of the summary model without using the correct summary. AggreFACT is a human-annotated dataset that classifies the types of errors in neural text summarization models. Among all the test candidates, the two cases, generation summary, and when errors occurred throughout the summary showed the highest correlation results. We observed that the proposed evaluation score showed a high correlation with models finetuned with BART and PEGASUS, which is pretrained with a large-scale Transformer structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCLs) are a group CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas, an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, characterized by diverse clinical and genetic features. Among the types of ALCL, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL, though typically involves the lymph nodes, can infrequently invade other tissues. When soft tissue involvement occurs, it may mimic the clinical presentation of infectious diseases, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Therefore, a histological examination is necessary to differentiate between ALK-negative ALCL and similar phenotypes associated with infectious conditions. This paper reports a case of ALCL, initially misdiagnosed as an infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinolone antibiotics are frequently prescribed for suspected respiratory or urinary tract infections because of their effectiveness and generally perceived safety profile. On the other hand, some studies have raised concerns regarding the potential association between quinolone use and Achilles tendinopathy or tendon rupture. There is a lack of reports on the link between quinolone use and multiple tendon and tendon attachment site pain in the foot and ankle joints; hence, this study examined this issue further. This paper presents a case report of a patient with persistent Achilles tendinopathy and multiple tendon and tendon attachment site pain in the foot who did not respond adequately to conservative treatments. In particular, the discontinuation of quinolone use resulted in favorable clinical outcomes. This report offers valuable insights into the potential risks associated with quinolone antibiotics and highlights the importance of vigilance when managing patients with tendon-related complaints. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is also presented to contextualize these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon is rare, but the diagnosis is often delayed when it occurs. Acute rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon is often caused by minor trauma or it occurs spontaneously. Therefore, the diagnosis is more likely to be delayed. Among ruptures of the tibialis anterior tendon, longitudinal ruptures are less common and difficult to diagnose. Thus far, there are no reports of ruptures of the tibialis anterior tendon caused by direct trauma in Korea. This paper reports a case of chronic longitudinal tear of the tibialis anterior tendon caused by trauma in a 50-year-old male patient with no specific history of the disease, along with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a model for Korean language speaking tasks using mobile-based short-form videos and applied it in real classrooms to explore the future of Korean language speaking education. To achieve this, the study initially investigated the demand for Korean language speaking tasks among intermediate-level Korean language learners. The results confirmed that learners showed a preference for video and audio recording tasks. Based on these findings, the paper designed a preliminary model for Korean language speaking tasks using short-form video production. After implementing the speaking tasks with 35 intermediate-level Korean language learners, satisfaction surveys and in-depth post-task interviews were conducted. The final model of speaking tasks was refined from the preliminary model into a task-centered framework with three stages: task planning, task performance, and feedback. Incorporating the opinions of the students improved the feedback methods. The teacher provided feedback twice: once during the task performance stage, when stydents were constructing conversations, and again during the task feedback stage while reviewing the created short-form videos. Additionally, evaluations and feedback from peer learners were included. The model of speaking tasks utilizing mobile-based short-form videos presented in this study was conceived as a preliminary model, applied to learners, refined based on survey and interview results, and finalized. Thus, the significance of this research lies in the presentation of an effective model that accurately reflects learners' demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although osteochondral lesions are prevalent in the knee or ankle joints, lesions at the subtalar joint are exceptionally rare. This paper reports the case of a 21-year-old man who complained of chronic pain in the medial side of the left ankle, which was diagnosed as an osteochondral lesion of the calcaneus involving the subtalar joint. This lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic medial side ankle pain after trauma, and the diagnosis should be made initially through a close physical examination and radiographic evaluation. Conservative treatment methods are prioritized, but various surgical treatment methods may be considered if the symptoms worsen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to identify research trends in papers published in Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning (MALL). To this end, the bibliographic information on 567 papers published from 2002 to 2021 is analyzed using network visualization analysis. The results find that MALL has published about 28 papers per year during the period; however, it has published more papers than average to respond to social and educational issues promptly. According to the network visualization analysis based on keyword and term extraction, it is revealed that MALL has focused on publishing papers related to the terms 'blended learning', 'elementary school', and 'korean university' over the past 20 years. In addition, the cluster analysis confirms that the research topics that have been discussed in MALL are as follows: blended learning, elementary school learners with writing ability, computer-based language (education), and English education. The results of the timeline view analysis on clusters, compared to its earlier papers, find that published papers in MALL tend to research multiple topics across clusters. The burst terms analysis reveals that blended learning, elementary level, and Korean college topics were burst terms during certain periods. The suggestions and implications of the findings are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]