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Purpose: This study aimed to understand the knowledge structure and trends in research on cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in patients with non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancer through text network analysis and topic modeling. Methods: From 2011 to 2021, studies on CRCI in patients with non-CNS cancer registered in databases including Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo, were extracted and cleaned into words using Python's natural language toolkit package. Text network analysis was performed using the NetworkX library, and topic modeling analysis based on the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm was carried out using the Gensim library. Results: In total, 24,030 keywords were extracted from the abstracts of 490 selected papers, of which "chemotherapy," "breast cancer," and "quality of life" showed high frequency and centrality. As a result of the topic modeling analysis, four subject groups were derived, including cognitive impairment due to chemotherapy, breast cancer and cognitive impairment, factors related to cognitive impairment, and symptom experience. Conclusion: These findings will help cancer researchers to understand the trends and insights of research on CRCI in patients with non-CNS cancer and suggest important areas and directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents a unique case of checkrein deformities in both halluces following isolated intramuscular sarcoidosis, a rare occurrence given the infrequent musculoskeletal involvement in sarcoidosis. Typically resulting from flexor hallucis longus tendon entrapment by scar tissue post-trauma, the checkrein deformity reported in this paper presented with unusual metatarsophalangeal joint flexion and interphalangeal joint extension during ankle dorsiflexion. A 49-year-old woman with a history of intramuscular sarcoidosis presented with a great toe deformity and discomfort while wearing shoes, leading to a diagnosis of dynamic deformity, possibly attributed to tendon tethering by sarcoidosis. Surgical treatments, including abductor hallucis muscle intratendinous tenotomy, flexor hallucis longus Z-plasty lengthening, Weil osteotomy, and Kirschner wire fixation, significantly improved the functional scores and patient discomfort. This report underscores the importance of recognizing dynamic deformities and the potential for rare diseases, such as sarcoidosis, to cause such conditions, highlighting the need for careful diagnosis and tailored surgical intervention for atypical checkrein deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate senior baccalaureate nursing students' knowledge and visual differentiation ability for the pressure injury classification system (PICS) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire with 120 senior baccalaureate nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using a knowledge test (KT) and a visual differentiation tool (VDT) based on 21 photographs with clinical information related to PICS and IAD. Results: Students had relatively high KT scores (62.6%), and low VDT scores (35.6%). Critical issues in this study were nursing students' lack of an adequate visual differentiation ability to accurately assess the stage of pressure injury and IAD and their higher level of confusion in identifying unstageable, deep tissue injuries, and IAD compared to stage 1-4 injuries. Satisfaction with education (r=.20, p<.05) and exposure to various teaching methods (r=.21, p<.05) exhibited significant correlations with higher VDT scores. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that increasing students' satisfaction with their education and applying various teaching methods can contribute to the improvement of visual differentiation ability in PICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intratympanic injection has emerged as a novel approach to bypass the blood-labyrinth barrier and effectively deliver drugs into the inner ear. This technique is used for treatment of various inner ear diseases and overcomes the limitations of systemic drug therapy. In this paper, we provide an overview of the application of intratympanic injection using steroids and gentamicin and highlight the major diseases and summarize the reported efficacy of this approach. Current Concepts: Intratympanic steroid injections have been used for treatment of various inner ear diseases, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss, Ménière disease, and tinnitus. Therapeutic effects of steroids include reducing inflammation, modulating the immune response, improving cochlear blood flow, and maintaining ion homeostasis. Intratympanic gentamicin injections are primarily used to minimize hearing loss and control vertigo symptoms in patients with Ménière disease. Gentamicin selectively injures vestibular hair cells with minimal ototoxicity compared with other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Discussion and Conclusion: Intratympanic injections offer several advantages, including targeted drug delivery, minimal systemic adverse effects, and rapid action. Reportedly, intratympanic steroid injections used as primary or salvage treatment are associated with positive outcomes in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Ménière disease also shows positive outcomes following intratympanic steroid and gentamicin injections. However, studies have reported conflicting results, and further research is required to standardize dosing and administration protocols. Intratympanic injections are a promising therapeutic option, and ongoing research is essential to optimize their efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brain edema is a well-recognized pathophysiological secondary change after primary brain injury. The mechanism of brain edema may differ based on the types of brain edema. However, numerous ion channels are involved in its development and are therefore currently a hot target for anti-edema therapy. Here, this paper reviews the clinically important differences among the types of brain edema and a step-wise management strategy for brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Current Concepts: Brain edema can be classified as cytotoxic, ionic, vasogenic, and interstitial edema. Although the underlying mechanisms may differ among the various types of brain edema, multiple ion channels and the integrity of tight junctions are associated with the development of brain edema. If brain edema aggravates, the intracranial volume expands and leads to an elevation of ICP. A basic principle in the management of ICP includes proper positioning, screening for a need for extraventricular drainage, proper sedation, transient hyperventilation, assessing the intracranial water status with the serum sodium level, optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure, hyperosmolar therapy, targeted temperature management, and induction of a pharmacological coma with sedatives. Discussion and Conclusion: Stepwise treatment strategies are recommended in the management of patients with ICP crisis. Based on the principle, detailed management plans need to be adjusted based on the status of an individual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopic ossification is the formation of extra-skeletal bone in the muscle and soft tissues, and an osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor composed of compact or mature trabecular bone limited almost exclusively to the craniofacial bones. This paper reports an extremely rare case of heterotopic ossification mimicking an osteoma that occurred independently at the plantar side of the medial sesamoid bone. The patient was a 46-year-old male with a three-month history of pain and a hard mass on the plantar aspect of the left forefoot sole. After excising the lesion, the patient's symptoms were relieved, and no pain or complications occurred. This paper discusses this exceedingly rare case of heterotopic ossification around the medial sesamoid bone with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a common form of vasculitis in childhood. Among the recent trends in Kawasaki disease, it is notable that the prevalence rate is increasing, and the proportion of "incomplete" Kawasaki disease is also increasing. A delayed diagnosis with prolonged fever can cause complications, such as coronary artery aneurysm and decreased myocardial contractility. These complications might lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Kawasaki disease is diagnosed when the patient meets the principal criteria for clinical symptoms. Following the diagnostic criteria can prevent overdiagnosis but lead to missing of the incomplete form of the disease. Therefore, it is important to accurately understand Kawasaki disease. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, concerns about a novel severe Kawasaki-like disease in children related to COVID-19 emerges. Indeed, there have been several reports of Kawasaki-like disease related to COVID-19 in children. Kawasaki disease is no longer rare and is often encountered at hospitals. This paper will provide useful and accurate information on Kawasaki disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute ankle sprain is the most common injury in the lower extremities, and approximately 10% to 40% of acute lateral ankle ligament injury causes chronic pain or instability. For chronic symptoms lasting after an acute sprain, the possibility of joint damage, such as bony structures, ligaments, cartilage, and nerves around the ankle joint, should be considered. Patients with chronic lateral ankle instability usually complain of repeated sprains or giving way sensations. There has been steady progress in the treatment options until recently, however new treatments are still being attempted. This paper describes the causes, diagnosis, and recent trends in the conservative and operative treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute ankle sprain is the most common injury in the lower extremities, and approximately 10% to 40% of acute lateral ankle ligament injury causes chronic pain or instability. For chronic symptoms lasting after an acute sprain, the possibility of joint damage, such as bony structures, ligaments, cartilage, and nerves around the ankle joint, should be considered. Patients with chronic lateral ankle instability usually complain of repeated sprains or giving way sensations. There has been steady progress in the treatment options until recently, however new treatments are still being attempted. This paper describes the causes, diagnosis, and recent trends in the conservative and operative treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot arthropathy) is a progressive joint disease often associated with conditions such as diabetes, leading to severe joint deformity and pain. However, its occurrence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is rare and not well documented. This case report describes a 48-year-old woman with a long history of RA who developed a severe deformity of her right ankle, identified as neuropathic arthropathy extending to the subtalar joint (Brodsky classification type 3A). After excluding other potential causes, the condition was determined to be secondary to RA-associated peripheral neuropathy. Surgery, including allograft and autograft fixation, was performed to correct the deformity. Post-operative complications, such as wound infection, were treated with negative pressure wound therapy and skin grafting. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient was able to walk without pain, demonstrating successful joint fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This retrospective study was conducted to identify factors associated with repeated suicide attempts by analyzing the electronic medical records of suicide attempters who visited emergency medical centers due to drug intoxication. Methods: Data from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were collected for this study and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: In this study, the factors affecting repeated suicide attempts among individuals who visited the emergency medical center due to acute drug intoxication were the presence or absence of psychiatric diseases, the season of drug intoxication, and age. In order to identify the factors affecting repeated suicide attempts in those who presented with acute drug intoxication, logistic regression analysis was performed by inputting psychiatric diseases, season of drug intoxication, and age, all of which exhibited significant differences between those who did and did not attempt suicide again. The presence of psychiatric diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04~3.80), intoxication occurring in the fall (vs. spring; OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.28~8.75), and age ≥ 65 (vs. those under the age of 18; OR = 12.96, 95% CI = 2.02~83.17). The regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 30.01, p < .001), and the coefficient of determination of Cox and Snell, which represents the explanatory power of the model, was 12.0%. Conclusion: This study suggests that to prevent repeated suicide attempts, it is necessary to develop a tool to evaluate the risk of suicide, use it to evaluate the risk of suicide, and then manage individuals accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to define and clarify the concept of sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: This study used the concept analysis process of Walker and Avant, and 20 studies were selected. Results: Sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with breast cancer was defined as experiencing 1) loss of femininity, 2) negative changes in sexual response, and 3) negative feelings about relationship with partners. The identified antecedents were 1) breast cancer treatment-induced changes in body structure and function, 2) disease-related pain, 3) depression, 4) lack of medical services provided to help address sexual matters and difficulties, and 5) lack of understanding and support from partners. The consequences of this were 1) deterioration of relationship with partner, 2) seeking alternatives to overcome sexual dysfunction, 3) deterioration in quality of life, 4) depression, and 5) decrease in frequency of sexual activity. Conclusion: The definition and attributes of sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with breast cancer identified in this study can be applied to the development of tools and programs to measure sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with breast cancer to enhance understanding of sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends and characteristics of infection-related patient safety incident reporting before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and to provide basic data for preventing infection-related patient safety incidents and improving their management. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of secondary national data (Patient Safety Reporting Data) was conducted. In total, 517 infection-related patient safety incidents reported from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. Changes in the number of reports before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and differences in variables related to infection-related patient safety incidents were analyzed using the chi-square test and independent t-test in SPSS 29.0. Results: This study found that infection-related patient safety incidents decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Furthermore, incident-related characteristics, such as the type of healthcare organization, severity of harm, and post-incident actions, changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The many changes in the infection control system and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to a decrease in the reporting of infection-related patient safety incidents. It is hoped that longitudinal studies on patient safety incidents related to the pandemic and analytical studies on factors influencing patient safety incidents will continue to be conducted to prevent and improve patient safety incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to the professional quality of life of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted among 144 nurses with more than 3 months of work experience in five long-term care hospitals in B metropolitan city. Data were collected from April 15 to 30, 2022 and analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The regression model explained 51% of the variance of long-term care hospital nurses' compassion satisfaction (F=35.72, p<.001). Significant factors were dementia attitude (β=.23, p=.001), professional self-concept (β=.51, p<.001), marital status (married) (β= .16, p=.019) and more than 10 years of clinical experience at a long-term care hospital (β= -.29, p<.001). The regression model explained 36% of the variance of long-term care hospital nurses' compassion fatigue (F=12.93, p<.001). Significant factors were dementia attitude (β=-.27, p=.001), burden on behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia (β=.38, p<.001), women (β=.20, p=.005), more than 10 years of clinical experience at a long-term care hospital (β=.20, p=.004) and experience in education about dementia (yes) (β=-.16, p=.029). Conclusion: This study revealed several factors that are correlated with the professional quality of life of long-term care hospital nurses. To improve their quality of life, hospitals should help nurses have a positive attitude toward dementia, reduce the burden of behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia, and provide dementia care training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Korea, the prevalence of obesity, morbid obesity with serious complications, and childhood obesity are rapidly increasing. To control the obesity pandemic, both prevention and treatment are essential strategic targets. While lifestyle modification is fundamental in obesity treatment, due to the complex appetitecontrolling system in the body and the rapidly Westernizing environment, more effective treatment tools are required. Current Concepts: There are 4 types of drugs that have been approved for the treatment of obesity in Korea. They are (1) appetite suppressants for short-term therapy, (2) dietary fat absorption inhibitors, (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and (4) fixed-dose combination drugs for appetite control. However, a large amount of weight reduction cannot be achieved with these drugs. The greatest amount of weight reduction of approximately 11% has been reported for phentermine/topiramate combination treatment. Recently, peptide agents have been under development and 2 of these agents, semaglutide, a second generation GLP-1 receptor agonist, and tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, are expected to be available in the near future. Discussion and Conclusion: Both semaglutide and tirzepatide are more effective than currently available anti-obesity drugs. Semaglutide and tirzepatide reduced the body weight of people with obesity without diabetes by 14.9% and 20.9%, respectively. However, because of the mechanism of GLP-1 receptor agonism, gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, were problematic in many patients, although these adverse events were generally acceptable. Both drugs will be excellent options for obesity treatment in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of diseases, involving the inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium of the lung. ILD is classified according to whether or not the cause is known. Known causes of ILDs include inhalation of environmental substances, drugs, infection, and related connective tissue disease. ILD of unknown cause is called idiopathic ILD. The most common form of idiopathic ILD is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic progressive fibrosing ILD that results in the decline of lung function with exertional dyspnea, cough, bibasilar inspiratory crackles, and digital clubbing. The incidence of IPF increases with age, and is predominant in men. The most characteristic feature of IPF is a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern detected on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The typical HRCT pattern in case of UIP is honeycombing, with or without traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis; this may be superimposed with fine reticulation. The typical distribution of UIP is subpleural, and there is basal predominance with heterogeneity. A definitive diagnosis of IPF in patients with clinically suspected IPF is made when there is presence of a UIP pattern on HRCT. Bronchoalveolar lavage or surgical lung biopsy is not recommended if a UIP pattern is detected on HRCT. However, bronchoalveolar lavage and surgical lung biopsy are required if probable UIP pattern, indeterminate UIP pattern, or an alternative diagnosis pattern are found on HRCT in order to diagnose IPF. A specific combination of HRCT patterns and histopathological patterns requiring multidisciplinary discussion is necessary to rule in IPF or rule it out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postviral olfactory disorder refers to the sensorineural olfactory loss caused by upper respiratory tract infections. With the increasing awareness of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction as a potential early symptom of coronavirus disease 2019, postviral olfactory disorder has been attracting much attention. Postviral olfactory disorder is the most common type of olfactory disorder, especially among women aged over 50 years. Systemic or topical corticosteroids have commonly been used for treating this disorder, but the mechanism of corticosteroid action is unclear. Other medical treatment options such as alpha-lipoic acids and caroverine that stimulate nerve growth factor expression or prevent glutamatergic neurotoxicity have also been used. Although these drugs have been found to be useful in the treatment of postviral olfactory disorder in previous studies, the efficacy has not been statistically proven through a meta-analysis. Recently, olfactory training has been introduced in the treatment strategy for postviral olfactory disorder. It is a safe option without side effects that can be used for treating olfactory disorders caused by upper respiratory tract infections. Further rigorous studies are needed to determine the efficacy of the combination of drug treatment and olfactory training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze changing trends in child injury deaths from 2006 to 2016 and to provide basic data for initiatives to help prevent child injury deaths through improvements in social systems and education. Specific causes of death were analyzed using micro-data of the death statistics of Korea from 2006 to 2016, which were made available by Statistics Korea. Types and place of death were classified according to the KCD-7 (Korean Standard Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death). The data were compared to those of other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Changing trends were presented. The number of child deaths by injury was 270 in 2016. The death rate was 8.1 per 100,000 population in 2006, while it was 3.9 in 2016. The death rate of boys was 1.7 times greater than that of girls. Unintentional injury deaths comprised 72.6% of all child injury deaths in 2016, while intentional injury deaths comprised 27.4%. The first leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in infants (less than 1-year-old) was suffocation, while that of children aged 1 to 14 years was transport accidents. The second leading cause of death in infants was transport accidents, that of children aged 1 to 4 was falling, and that of children aged 5 to 14 was drowning. Pedestrian accidents comprised 43.7% of the transport accidents from 2014 to 2016. To prevent child injury deaths by both unintentional and intentional causes, nation-wide policy measures and more specific interventions according to cause are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypertrophied peroneal tubercle can present as a bony prominence at the lateral aspect of the foot and a peroneal tenosynovitis or tear. We report a case of a 52-year-old man complaining of lateral foot tingling pain and numbness. The sural nerve entrapment and peroneus longus tenosynovitis by hypertrophied peroneal tubercle were confirmed. Good results were obtained after excision of the hypertrophied peroneal tubercle and sural nerve release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the lower extremity lymphedema nursing practice protocol for patients following gynecologic cancer treatment. Methods: Thirteen web-sites were searched for eligible clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and eleven databases were searched to identify evidence to develop a lower extremity lymphedema nursing practice protocol for patients following gynecologic cancer treatment. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight CPGs and ninety-six studies, two guidelines and eight studies were identified as evidence. The protocol development group consisted of ten experts who have at least five years' experience in the related area. A lower extremity lymphedema nursing practice protocol for patients following gynecologic cancer treatment was developed including forty-three recommendations in five domains. Significant differences were found in nurses' pre and post knowledge and confidence on lower extremity lymphedema prevention and management. Conclusion: Nurses and other professionals could utilize this evidence based lower extremity lymphedema nursing practice protocol and apply it to patients undergoing gynecologic cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to confirm the results of the modified Lapidus procedure on moderate to severe hallux valgus patients with first tarso-metatarsal joint hypermobility. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 42 cases of 35 patients who underwent the modified Lapidus procedure between March 2006 and December 2014. A comparative analysis was performed on the preoperative and postoperative subjective satisfaction of patients and radiologic index. Moreover, the correlation between the follow-up time and patient's operative satisfaction, as well as between the proficiency of the operator and patient's operative satisfaction was analyzed. Complications were also evaluated. Results: Out of the total of 35 patients, 3 were male and 32 were female. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 34~79 years), and the mean follow-up time was 22.1 months (range, 6~90 months). The overall satisfaction level was 67.6% and the mean hallux valgus angle improved from preoperative 40.5° to postoperative 12.2° (p<0.001). The mean 1, 2 intermetatarsal angle improved from preoperative mean of 16.9° to postoperative mean of 7.6° (p<0.001), and the sesamoid position improved significantly, from preoperative 2.7 to postoperative 0.9 (p<0.001). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the follow-up time and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux scale; also no correlation between the year the operation took place and the AOFAS hallux scale. In terms of complications, we observed screw irritation in 6 cases, hallux varus in 2 cases, and recurrence of hallux valgus and nonunion in one case. Conclusion: Contrary to our concerns, the level of complications was not high; however, the satisfaction level of patients was also not very high. Therefore, careful selecting of patients and sufficient consultation time is needed before surgery. In addition, since the causes of postoperative dissatisfaction still remain unclear, further studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]