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This article aims to analyze the environmental policy of the current Brazilian government of Bolsonaro, considering the fires that spread in the Amazon in June and August of last year. The Amazon, known as the "largest repository of ecological biodiversity in the world" and "the lungs of the Planet", has suffered a wave of devastation in recent decades, and its devastation today is becoming accelerated and massive. That situation has been exacerbated since the inauguration of the government of Jair Bolsonaro, a politician of the extreme right. Therefore, the analysis of the background and the causes of this situation is part of this study. It also includes a comparative analysis, which considers the Lula government's environmental policy. This comparative approach can better point out the problematic features and issues of the current Brazilian government's environmental policy. It is shown here that since 2003, when Lula took over the command of his country, there was a major advance in the issue of the environment, although with some restrictions, that was always treated from the point of view of social inclusion policy. However, during the governments of Dilma and Temer, the devastation and deforestation in the Amazon increased gradually, culminating in the inauguration of the Bolsonaro government, whose environmental policy is very similar to the developmentalism of the military dictatorship that held power in Brazil from 1964 until 1985. Furthermore, it is also observed that environmental policy has until now been characterized by the following persistent factors: a progressive increase of influence of the so-called "banca ruralista" (in official terms, the Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária, FPA) in the Brazilian National Congress, which defends the interests of landowners (latifundiários) and agribusinesses; the usual government amnesty for land grabbing (illegal appropriation of public land), and other factors, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]