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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise in patients with hemophilia. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted of published randomized controlled trials for exercise interventions from January 1, 2014 to March 15, 2023. To estimate the size of the effects of exercise, a meta-analysis was performed using the R package “meta.” Results: Five databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of 1,150 articles reviewed, 13 were included in the systematic review and 9 in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. The overall effect sizes of exercise interventions, calculated as the standardized mean difference, were -0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.41 to –1.20) for pain, -2.13 (95% CI = -3.33 to -0.93) for joint health, 9.96 (95% CI = 7.51 to 12.28) for physical activity, and 0.59 (95% CI = -0.39 to -1.56) for quality of life. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exercise is useful for improving the joint health and physical activity of patients with hemophilia. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply exercise interventions for patients with hemophilia to reduce their pain and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the causes and mechanisms of sarcopenia in the aging population and it prescribed exercise programs that would improve muscle functions in elderlies. Aging is associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass, strength, and quality, an overall condition known as sarcopenia during aging. Sarcopenia is related to the aging process, as in decrease of growth hormone and sex hormone, neuromuscular change, increase of blood inflammation markers, decrease of protein intake, smoking, increase of oxidative stress, increase of fat mass and decrease of physical activity. Results showed that combination of various exercise programs such as resistance training, flexibility, balance and functional exercises could improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderlies. Moderate to high intensity exercise for at least twice a week with the use of sand bag weights or dumbbells are recommended for this aging population. In addition, there was a change in posture as a result of improved muscular strength after the participants had performed resistance training together with flexibility and balance exercises. Improved muscular strength surrounding the ankle, knee and hip areas also enhanced balance and functional movements. Lastly, there is a need for exercise trainers or coaches to provide motivation and encouragement to these elderlies for the successful implementation of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]