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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperventilation in the presence of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the lungs of mice during a single bout of aerobic exercise. METHODS The FVB/N mice were housed in a controlled SPF room and randomly divided into four groups: control (CON, n=7), fine particulate matter exposure (PM, n=7), PM and exercise (PME, n=7), and exercise only (EX, n=7). Acute PM exposure and/or aerobic treadmill exercise were undertaken according to the groups using a specially designed PM treadmill chamber. RESULTS Protein expression and phosphorylation of p65 NF-kB in mouse lungs were significantly increased by acute exercise, but not by PM exposure. Basal protein levels and phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) were significantly increased in the PME group, but were lower in the PM and EX groups. Although the percentage of collagen fibers in lung tissue was not affected by PM exposure, the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic factors BAX, BID, and Bcl-2 was significantly elevated by inhalation of PM during exercise. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the MAPKs family was activated by excessive PM inhalation during exercise and similar changes in apoptosis-related signaling were observed. This suggests that even a single bout of inhalation of fine particulate matter during exercise can affect factors associated with inflammation and cell death.

PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the effect of hypoxia in conjugation with endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle satellite cell activity in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (20 weeks, N=21) were randomly divided into Control (Con, n=7), normoxia exercise (NE, n=7), and hypoxia exercise (HE, n=7) groups. Exercise training was performed on a rodent treadmill at a frequency of 5 days/week for 4 weeks, with gradual increases in exercise intensity. The rats were sacrificed 48 hours following the last exercise session. We conducted immunohistochemistry and western-blot for evaluating satellite cell cycle in phenotype and protein levels. RESULTS Any groups did not increase body weight, muscle weight and cross-sectional area were not increased in any groups after 4 weeks (p>.05). Satellite cell proliferation improved in NE (p=.001) and HE (p

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to demonstrate whether treadmill exercise have an effect on the level of α-synuclein and microRNA (miRNA) in striatum of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) induced mouse models. METHODS To induced mouse model of PD, administered to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 25 mg/kg) and Probenecid (250 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections, 2 times per week during 5 weeks. The groups were randomly divided into 3 groups: CON (C57BL/6 control, n=7), MPTP-C (MPTP control, n=7), and ME (MPTP+Exercise, n=7) and treadmill exercise was performed for 8 weeks (10 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week). RESULTS The result show that treadmill exercise significantly improved locomotor function in ME group compared with MPTP-C group in rotarod performance test. Moreover, treadmill exercise was significantly increased levels of miR-153 as regulating SNCA mRNA in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. Conversely, treadmill exercise was significantly decreased levels of SNCA mRNA and α-synuclein in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. We also found that treadmill exercise was significantly increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that treadmill exercise could ameliorate pathologic features of PD via regulating miRNA against MPTP induced mouse model of PD.

The effect of radiofrequency radiation (RF) exposure on mouse associated with the exercise was investigated in the brain at the molecular level. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), FoxO3a, AMPKα and mRNA was investigated by real-time RT-PCR in striatum and the hypothalamus. In the striatum, TH mRNA expression was decreased in the exercise and RF exposure group. FoxO3a mRNA expression was significantly increased in the spontaneous exercise group and a significant decrease was observed in the RF exposure and spontaneous exercise group. In the hypothalamus, TH mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the RF exposure and spontaneous exercise group. But, FoxO3a mRNA expression was significantly increased in the RF exposure and spontaneous exercise group. We will further investigate the expression of protein molecules in the hippocampus of the brain to reveal the effects of RF radiation on memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]