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This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted evolution of research concerning information and communication technology (ICT) within the dynamic landscape of education. Embracing the meta-analysis methodology, this study embarks on a detailed journey through the corpus of scientific literature devoted to exploring the intricate interplay between ICT and education. Covering a substantial temporal span from 2002 to 2022, this investigation meticulously scrutinises and synthesises a wealth of scholarly contributions, illuminating diverse dimensions of the integration of ICT and its impact in educational settings. The overarching objective is to discern not only the methodological nuances, but also the transformative potential and broader trends that underscore the nexus of ICT and education. With a keen focus on Lithuanian scholarly output, this analysis seeks to unravel the intricate tapestry of research endeavours, shedding light on the methodological paradigms, thematic trajectories, and empirical insights that have shaped the discourse surrounding the role of ICT in education over the past decade. At its core, this study aims to address a constellation of probing questions that lie at the heart of contemporary educational discourse. How has the research methodology pertaining to the application of ICT in education evolved over time? In what specific domains and subdomains of education are the contours of the influence of ICT most discernible, and what emergent themes and focal points have garnered scholarly attention? Furthermore, what demographic cohorts and educational stakeholders emerge as primary subjects of inquiry, and how do researchers navigate the complexities of data collection and analysis in elucidating the nuanced dynamics of ICT integration in educational contexts? Through a judicious blend of quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study embarks on an ambitious journey to unravel the intricate threads of inquiry that animate the discourse surrounding ICT in education. By adopting a mixed-method meta-analytical framework, this investigation offers a panoramic vista that spans thematic, temporal, methodological, and demographic dimensions, thereby affording a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted landscape of the integration of ICT in education. In traversing this expansive terrain of inquiry, this study aspires not only to illuminate the contours of past research endeavours, but also to chart a course for future inquiry and innovation in harnessing the transformative potential of ICT to enrich and enhance educational practices and outcomes. After analysing Lithuanian scientific works related to the application of ICT in the field of education, it is evident that quantitative methodologies are most commonly chosen for empirical research on this topic, while qualitative methodologies are less prevalent. In articles employing quantitative methodologies, prevalent themes relating to ICT include: competency, application, possibilities and experiences, virtual learning environments, users of these environments, development in education, usage habits, attitudes towards ICT tool usage, augmented reality technologies, ICT as a component of learning environments, computer usage at home, and incentive-based encouragement using ICT tools. In articles employing qualitative methodologies, prevalent themes relating to ICT include: values education, opportunities, the internet, incentive-based encouragement, virtual learning environments, cloud computing, and experiences of using ICT in the teaching and learning process. Mixed-methodology articles commonly focus on the pedagogical foundations of educational environments, virtual experiments, the engagement of education participants, skills development, adult education, the personalisation of teaching and learning, e-learning, the educational environment, and increasing motivation. The most frequently studied subjects in these articles are teachers, followed by students, with other participant groups such as education experts and support specialists being less common. Systematising the data collection instruments used in the scientific articles analysed revealed that questionnaires predominated, with interviews being chosen less frequently, and other types of instruments being rare. An analysis of the essential conclusions of the examined scientific articles reveals that positive experiences of using ICT in the field of education are significantly more prevalent than negative experiences.

Every enterprise seeks to determine as accurately as possible the cost of the products or services it produces. The allocation of indirect costs causes considerable difficulties in this process. In the search for the most accurate alternatives for allocating indirect costs, the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method has become more popular in recent decades and is increasingly used by companies. The ABC method has many advantages, but it also has disadvantages, which have led to further development of the method by proposing newer versions. These include Fuzzy Activity Based Costing (FABC), which reduces the risk of uncertainty in data collection conditions and inaccurate cost allocation. However, while the literature provides a theoretical model of the FABC approach, there is very little research focused on sector-specific companies. Given that the issue of indirect cost allocation is particularly relevant for manufacturing companies, this paper explores the possibilities of applying the FABC method in manufacturing companies, using the example of a paper and cardboard manufacturing company. The aim of the research: after revealing the principles of ABC and FABC implementation, to improve the indirect cost allocation process in a paper and cardboard manufacturing company using the FABC method. The methods used for the study were document analysis, observation, conversation, interview, and fuzzy set analysis. The results showed that the FABC method has lower cost drivers for some activities and higher cost drivers for others than the ABC method. The improvement path developed for the allocation of indirect costs using the FABC approach could serve as a good model for its implementation in other manufacturing sectors.

In 2021, there are reportedly 2,755 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $13.1 trillion. Every year the newspaper Forbes conducts the list of World Billionaires, but we need to acknowledge that, not all billionaires and their wealth gets reported. Usually, the net worth is reported by calculating the number of stocks with the number of shares that the person owns. We take into consideration that the number we see in the newspaper exists only on paper, but the amount of money in the bank account of Billionaire does, not reflect that kind of wealth in any shape and form. Paper wealth differs from “real” or actual wealth, which is the value of the physical assets that are at the disposal of an individual or company. Many individuals and corporations fall victim to the paper wealth trap. On paper, it looks as though the assets logged are worth a certain amount, but the real assets in hand do not add up to the same. In order to assess, the real wealth individual has to realize the asset in the market by selling the asset mentioned below. If the taxpayer sells these assets, it has accumulated capital gains, then the taxpayer is subject to capital gains taxes. By using the tax planning strategy “Buy, Borrow, and Die” the wealthy individual avoids paying the capital gain tax on the assets that they have. This principle suggests buying and holding assets as they appreciate tax-free, as well borrow using the assets as leverage and using debt to reduce or eliminate income and estate taxes, and maximize aftertax wealth accumulation, as well after the taxpayer pass away the heirs, sell the whole wealth is tax-free, and the debt is paid with the tax-free proceeds.

Simonas Vainbergas, a teacher of Jewish primary schools in prewar Lithuania (1894?), was one of few his colleagues that actively collaborated with Lithuanian pedagogical journals. He published in them 11 papers in didactics of mathematics about teaching mathematics at primary schools. The said papers helped young teachers of primary schools to improve their qualification. There is a great probability that S. Vainbergas was a victim of holocaust.

The article analyzes the separation of fats from paper waste packaging. The method is based on interaction with boiling water and greaseproof paper. The cooking process is considered the formation of emulsions according to different slots. The research data are presented and discussed obtained from the analysis of ready-made samples. 20 different fat-coated paper samples have been prapared for research. Ten of them have been selected for printing paper, and another dozen cartons. The half of the samples analyzed are covered with vegetable fat, the remaining samples are vegetable fat. It was found that the carton samples were less opposed to the separation of fat. During the experiment, it was determined that by cooking the cardboard samples coated with olive oil for 5 minutes, 30% of the total fat content was removed. The most effective samples of this type were heated for a long time. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas riebalų atskyrimas nuo popieriaus pakuočių atliekų. Metodas remiasi verdančio vandens ir riebalų sąveika su suterštu popieriumi. Nagrinėjamas virimo procesas, emulsijų susidarymas atsižvelgiant į skirtingus laiko tarpsnius. Pateikiami ir aptariami tyrimų duomenys, kurie gauti išnagrinėjus pasiruoštus mėginius. Iš viso pasiruošta 20 skirtingų riebalais padengto popieriaus pavyzdžių. Dešimčiai iš jų pasirinktas spausdinimo popierius, kita dešimtis – kartonas. Pusė analizuojamų mėginių padengti augalinių riebalų sluoksniu, likę mėginiai – gyvulinių riebalų sluoksniu. Pastebėta, kad kartono mėginiai mažiau priešinosi riebalų atskyrimui. Nustatyta, kad, 5 min. virinant kartono mėginius, padengtus alyvuogių aliejumi, pasišalino 30 % viso riebalų kiekio. Efektyviausia tokio tipo mėginius virti ilgą laiką, nes, panardinus mėginius 15 min. į verdantį vandenį, pasišalino daugiau nei pusė buvusių riebalų kiekio – 55 %. Reikšminiai žodžiai: atliekos, emulsija, popierius, popieriaus pakuotės, riebalai, šiluma, vanduo, virimas.

The article analyzes the separation of fats from paper waste packaging. The method is based on interaction with boiling water and greaseproof paper. The cooking process is considered the formation of emulsions according to different slots. The research data are presented and discussed obtained from the analysis of ready-made samples. 20 different fat-coated paper samples have been prapared for research. Ten of them have been selected for printing paper, and another dozen cartons. The half of the samples analyzed are covered with vegetable fat, the remaining samples are vegetable fat. It was found that the carton samples were less opposed to the separation of fat. During the experiment, it was determined that by cooking the cardboard samples coated with olive oil for 5 minutes, 30% of the total fat content was removed. The most effective samples of this type were heated for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conducted study has shown problems with electronic documents already in the moment of their accession, as well as arrangement and description, storage and providing access to them in the archive. It turned out that, unfortunately, electronic documents are treated only as an addition to paper versions of materials. The study uses method of document analysis (including electronic document), as well as a survey – a questionnaire. The object of the study was a private papers of Professor Stanisław Gorgolewski.

Paper and prints on it are analyzed as composite materials. Printing, varnishing and lamination are described in terms of the formation of the composite material. The article discusses why and how the properties of a print should differ from the properties of paper.Article in Lithuanian

Paper and prints on it are analyzed as composite materials. Printing, varnishing and lamination are described in terms of the formation of the composite material. The article discusses why and how the properties of a print should differ from the properties of paper. Santrauka Popierius ir atspaudai analizuojami kaip kompozicinės medžiagos. Aprašomas atspaudų spausdinimas kaip kompozicinės medžiagos susidarymo procesas spausdinant, lakuojant ir laminuojant. Aptariama, kodėl ir kaip turėtų keistis atspaudo savybės, lyginant su popieriumi. Raktiniai žodžiai: kompozicinė medžiaga; popierius; popieriaus fizikinės savybės

Traditionally legal discourse has been perceived as an area of human activity where every attempt is made to speak or write precisely, clearly and unambiguously—i.e. no room is left for figurative language. In this context the use of metaphor is naturally unacceptable. With the change in the approach to metaphor as a mental phenome­non, rather than a language phenomenon or a means of embellishing the text, the study of metaphor in various types of discourse has received a new impetus. This ar­ticle addresses the issue of conceptual metaphor translation in the legal discourse of EU White Papers. Metaphorical expressions are categorized into cognitive domains such as dealing with a problem is war, a problem is an enemy, responsibility is a burden, pro­gress is a motion forward, etc. The analysis confirms the hypothesis that if metaphorical expressions exploit the same cognitive domain both in English and Lithuanian, me­taphoricity is fully preserved in translation. Where cognitive domains differ, metap­horicity manifests itself in a different domain or is lost altogether.

Dėl nepatikimos informacijos Daivos Šveikauskienės straipsnyje „Lietuvių kalbos gramatikos informacinė sistema: I morfologija“, publikuotame elektroniniame žurnale Lietuvių kalba 2016 m. nr. 10.

Friction between different papers, inkjet and flexographic prints has been experimentally investigated. Flexographic prints have been made using an anilox roller, and inkjet prints have been produced covering paper with one and four toner layers. Static (SCOF) and kinetic (KCOF) friction coefficients between paper and paper, paper and prints, prints and prints have been determined. Friction properties have been discovered to be different in flexographic and laser prints. The dependence of SCOF and KCOF on pressure (both decrease) together with roughness measurements enables to conclude that the friction of prints is mainly governed by adhesion forces. Santrauka Eksperimentiškai ištirtos įvairių rūšių popieriaus bei fleksografinių ir rašalinių atspaudų trinties savybės. Fleksografiniai atspaudai gauti dengiant popierių skirtingo plotinio tūrio aniloksiniais voleliais, rašaliniai atspaudai dengiant popierių vienu ir keturiais dažų (angl. toner) sluoksniais. Nustatytos statinio (STK) ir kinetinio (KTK) trinties koeficientų reikšmės tiriant trintį tarp popieriaus ir popieriaus, tarp atspaudo ir popieriaus ir tarp atspaudo ir atspaudo. Nustatyta, kad trinties savybės priklauso nuo pasirinkto spaudos būdo ir yra skirtingos fleksografiniams ir rašaliniams atspaudams. STK ir KTK vertės mažėja didėjant apkrovai, taip pat joms įtaką turi dažų kiekis, paviršiaus šiurkštumas bei paviršiaus deformacinės savybės. Reikšminiai žodžiai: statinis trinties koeficientas; kinetinis trinties koeficientas; rašaliniai atspaudai; fleksografiniai atspaudai; paviršiaus deformacija.

Straipsnyje aptariama modelio negyvas subjektas + aktyvų veiksmą reiškiantis veiksmažodis realiza­cija lingvistiniuose straipsniuose anglų kalba. Nustatomas bendras modelio dažnumas bei dažniausiai pasikartojantys veiksmažodžiai bei subjektai, atskleidžiama jų reikšmė ir funkcijos. Rezultatai lygina­mi su lingvisto Master’io (2001) straipsnyje aprašomais tyrimo, grindžiamo moksliniais straipsniais tiksliųjų mokslų tematika, rezultatais. Abiejų tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad tiriamas modelis vyrauja aiškinamojo tipo kontekstuose.Kvantitatyvinis aspektas papildomas interpretaciniu, pasitelkiant konceptualiosios metaforos teo­riją. Nustatytos šios dažniausiai pasitaikančios metaforos: tyrimas yra žmogus, tyrimas yra kelionė, tyrimas yra statinys, tyrimas yra ekonominė veikla bei tyrimas yra paslapties atskleidimas. Pirmoji metafora iš dalies sutampa su metonimijomis.Šio tyrimo rezultatai galėtų pasitarnauti diskurso analizės tyrimams bei dėstant akademinį rašymą negimtakalbiams.

Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis pavyzdžiais, surinktais iš Anglų filologijos katedros studentų bakalaurinių ir magistrinių darbų, analizuojami tų darbų pavadinimai bei mokslinio darbo plano rašymo būdai. Pavadinimai nagrinėjami keliais aspektais – visų pirma, aptariama jų funkcijos, 153tiriama jų sintaksinės ir struktūrinės ypatybės. Be to, nemaža dėmesio skiriama sąšvelnių (hedging) ir intertekstualumo naudojimui mokslinių darbų pavadinimuose, t.p. paminimi nauji efektingi būdai kurti pavadinimus. Kita straipsnio dalis skirta aptarti problemoms, kylančioms rašant mokslinio dar­bo planą. Išskiriami dviejų tipų sunkumai – susiję su darbo turiniu, kai planas yra per daug bendras ir neatspindi darbo turinio, ir sunkumai, susiję su plano forma – kai nesilaikoma tos pačios sintaksinės formos. Išvadose teigiama, jog šios dvi įvadinės mokslinio darbo dalys, nors iš pirmo žvilgsnio ir galinčios atrodyti nelabai svarbios, iš tiesų atlieka rimtą informacinę bei reklaminę funkciją, todėl siūlant akademinio rašymo kursą, joms reikėtų skirti nemaža dėmesio.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the online data collection method to survey adolescents about their psychological characteristics in a follow up-longitudinal study on positive youth development in order to test the psychometric equivalence of two assessment methods. 1030 participants (17–19 years old) completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires in schools (505 boys and 525 girls), 132 (28 boys and 104 girls) completed Internet-based questionnaires, and 47 (15 boys 32 girls) completed both, measuring positive development indicators. The findings suggest that adolescents report less socially desirable behaviour and active citizenship in Internet-based questionnaires, but generally Internet-based administration does not have any differences in the means values of positive development indicators as compared to paper-and-pencil administration. Internet-based questionnaires have higher or similar internal consistencies as compared with paper-and-pencil questionnaires and are highly correlated with each other when administered using Internet-based and paper-and-pencil assessment. There is no interaction effect of the Internet versus paper-and-pencil assessment and the sex of adolescents on the positive development indicators. Limitations of this study are discussed. Key words: Internet-based assessment, paper-and-pencil self-administered assessment, positive development indicators, adolescents. POZITYVIOS RAIDOS INDIKATORIŲ, VERTINTŲ NAUDOJANT INTERNETINĘ APKLAUSĄ IR SPAUSDINTUS KLAUSIMYNUS, PALYGINIMAS PAAUGLIŲ IMTYJE Rimantas Vosylis, Rita Žukauskienė, Oksana Malinauskienė Santrauka Internetinių klausimynų naudojimas tampa vis populiaresnė duomenų rinkimo priemonė, nes taip mažinamos tyrimo sąnaudos, tyrėjai gali susisiekti su sunkiau pasiekiamais tiriamaisiais. Tai labai patogu atliekant tęstinius, ypač jaunimo raidos, tyrimus, nes, baigę mokyklą, daug mokinių keičia savo gyvenamąją vietą, kai kurie jų išvyksta į užsienį. Tačiau interne­tinių apklausų taikymas, be minėtų pranašumų, turi ir trūkumų, į kuriuos būtina atsižvelgti. Pavyzdžiui, rezultatų, gautų taikant internetinius ir spausdintus klausimynus, derinimas, ir klausimyno formos po­veikis tyrimui naudojamų skalių psichometriniams rodikliams. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti internetinės apklausos metodo tinkamumą paauglių psichologinėms charak­teristikoms vertinti naudojant apklausą internetu ir palyginti dviejų klausimyno administravimo formų – elektroninės ir spausdintos – įtaką pozityvios jaunimo raidos rodikliams tęstiniame pozityvios jaunimo raidos tyrime. Tyrimo metu 1 030 dalyvių (17–19 metų), 505 berniukai ir 525 mergaitės, užpildė spaus­dintus klausimynus mokyklose, 132 (28 berniukai ir 104 mergaitės) užpildė tik internetinį klausimyno variantą, o 47 (15 berniukų ir 32 mergaitės) užpildė abi klausimyno versijas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog paaugliai, ap­klausti internetinės apklausos būdu, nurodė mažiau socialiai pageidaujamo elgesio, bet apskritai inter­netinis apklausos būdas neturėjo poveikio pozityvios jaunimo raidos indikatorių vidurkiams, palyginti su tradiciniais, spausdintais, klausimynais. Internetinių klausimynų skalių vidinis suderinamumas, lyginant jį su spausdintų klausimynų skalių vidiniu suderinamu­mu, buvo geresnis arba panašus ir pozityvios raidos rodikliai, įvertinti abejomis klausimyno versijomis, buvo stipriai tarpusavyje susiję. Nerasta lyties ir klausimyno tipo sąveikos efekto, susijusio su paauglių pozityvios raidos vertinimu. Straipsnyje aptariami ir tyrimo ribotumai. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: internetinis anketavimas, tyrimas naudojant spausdintinę klausimynų versiją, pozityvios raidos indikatoriai, paauglystė.

The article discusses some inaccurate uses of pronominal forms, certain terms and one of the syntactical mistakes – the expression of purpose. The article also provides the examples of mistakes found in welding papers. The use of nonpronominal forms in the denoted terms is one of typical morphological mistakes in treating the process of welding. Another problem is the inaccurate use and wrong formation of terminology. The article also focuses on the mistaken expression of purpose. Santrauka Straipsnyje aptariama keletas dažnesnių netaisyklingos vartosenos atvejų suvirinimo srities mokslo darbuose – kai sudėtiniuose terminuose rūšiai ar daikto ypatybei išskirti vartojamos neįvardžiuotinės būdvardžių ir dalyvių formos, taip pat pateikiama keletas dažnesnių pasenusių ir nevartotinų terminų pavyzdžių bei aptariama suvirintojų kalboje itin gaji viena iš sintaksės klaidų – netaisyklinga paskirties raiška. Taip pat straipsnyje aiškinamos netaisyklingos vartosenos priežastys, pateikiami klaidų pavyzdžiai, rasti suvirintojų tekstų rankraščiuose, ir siūlomi jų taisymo būdai (skliaustuose po lygybės ženklo (=) nurodomas taisyklingas vartotinas variantas). Raktiniai žodžiai: įvardžiuotinė forma, nevartotinas terminas, suvirinimo terminas, paskirties raiška

The present paper sets out to examine the efficiency of the Task Dependency Principle (TDP) in teaching research paper writing for BA students in English Philology. So far the TDP has been used in teaching practical language skills to non-native speakers. It consists in giving students tasks which are based on previously accomplished tasks. The TDP has turned out to be very effective in teaching research paper writing skills as well. Implemented throughout one full semester of the research-in-progress seminar, coupled with the peer review and fostered by the focus on individually selected linguistic topics, the TDP has contributed to increasing the motivation of students and shifting from teacherto student-centred teaching/learning.

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper and prints on it are analyzed as composite materials. Printing, varnishing and lamination are described in terms of the formation of the composite material. The article discusses why and how the properties of a print should differ from the properties of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the folding quality in the printing house "BALTO" is investigated. The concept of quality, paper folding process, combined folding machine parameters and printing papers are described. In the paper the percent of folding defects is determined, the spoilage dependence on paper characteristics, folding machine settings and other factors are investigated. Results were presented as histograms and were analyzed using statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses some inaccurate uses of pronominal forms, certain terms and one of the syntactical mistakes -- the expression of purpose. The article also provides the examples of mistakes found in welding papers. The use of nonpronominal forms in the denoted terms is one of typical morphological mistakes in treating the process of welding. Another problem is the inaccurate use and wrong formation of terminology. The article also focuses on the mistaken expression of purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting Theory & Practice / Buhalterinės Apskaitos Teorija Ir Praktika is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For intensive academic activities, there is a need to ensure introduction of scientific research results, discussion of scientific works and spread of scientific investigation results in an interaction among scientists, scientists and scientific community, scientists and society. This kind of communication creates and fosters the persistent value of scientific work through the presentation and dissemination of results of scientific theoretical and empirical investigations. In the article, scientific communication is understood as a dissemination of scientific information of all areas of scientific research through formal and informal channels of communication. Scientific communication as a concept unites various possibilities such as science mass communication, public understanding of science, public awareness of science, scientific culture, scholarly communication aspects such as academic communication, purely scientific communication, etc. The aim of the article is to analyze formal science communication presented by scientists from the Faculty of Communication of Vilnius University. The research aims to present completeness of science communication presented by the scholars of the Faculty of Communication in dissemination of results of scientific researches and to create a knowledge dissemination map in which a flow of science communication and activities of scholars could be shown. The research is based on the quantitative variables that describe the form of science communication, from analysis of documental communication in scientific publications to formal communication such as participation in national and international conferences, expert activities, etc. Analysis of formal science communication is carried out from four main points: analysis of the science communication structure at the Faculty of Communication, Vilnius University; measurement of the geographical scope of science communication performed by the scholars of the Faculty; a set of participants and a flow of science communication; identification of institutions and individual scholars that actively participate in science communication in the field of communication and information. Results of the research stress several important aspects which present science communication at the Faculty of Communication of Vilnius University: the communication model "scientists to scientists" is dominating; dissemination of scientific information is oriented towards the Lithuanian scientific community; by active participation in international scientific networks and conferences; the map that presents the spread of scientific research results is wider than Lithuania's geographical frame. As the main means for formal science communication, scientific publications could be mentioned. "Knygotyra" and "Informacijos mokslai" are the main scientific journals where formal science communication in the area of communication and information is concentrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the paper the folding quality in the printing house “BALTO”is investigated. The concept of quality, paper folding process,combined folding machine parameters and printing papers aredescribed. In the paper the percent of folding defects is determined,the spoilage dependence on paper characteristics, foldingmachine settings and other factors are investigated. Resultswere presented as histograms and were analyzed using statisticalmethods.

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article opportunities of changing paper CMR waybill into electronic are analysed, whereas the paper CMR waybill does not guarantee operational information exchange between participants of logistics chain components in road transport. Due to this reason use ofelectronic CMR waybill becomes more and more important. According to researches done by article authors, the article submitted the limitations of paper CMR waybill, benefits of electronic CMR waybill, concept model of implementing electronic CMR waybill and application possibilities of supply chain components. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos popierinio CMR važtaraščio galimybės keisti jį į elektroninį CMR važtaraštį, nes popierinis jau nebeužtikrina operatyvių informacijos mainų tarp vežimo dalyvių kelių transporte. Naudoti elektroninį važtaraštį tampa vis aktualiau. Remiantis atliktų tyrimų rezultatais straipsnyje pateikiami pagrindiniai popierinio CMR važtaraščio trūkumai, įvardijami elektroninio važtaraščio privalumai, elektroninio CMR važtaraščio realizavimo koncepcinis modelis ir jo taikymo galimybės visiems vežimo dalyviams. Raktiniai žodžiai: tiekimo grandinė, transporto informacinės sistemos, elektroninis CMR važtaraštis, popierinis važtaraštis.

In the paper the folding quality in the printing house “BALTO”is investigated. The concept of quality, paper folding process,combined folding machine parameters and printing papers aredescribed. In the paper the percent of folding defects is determined,the spoilage dependence on paper characteristics, foldingmachine settings and other factors are investigated. Resultswere presented as histograms and were analyzed using statisticalmethods. Santrauka Surinkta statistinė informacija apie UAB BALTO spaustuvėje lankstymo metu padaromą brokuotą produkciją. Stebėjimai atlikti dirbant su skirtingomis popieriaus rūšimis ir popieriaus gramatūromis. Gauti rezultatai buvo pateikti histogramomis, kurios analizuojamos pasitelkiant statistinius metodus. Vertinant rezultatus, papildomai buvo sudaryta statistinių skirstinių lentelė. Nustatyta, kurios popieriaus rūšys ir gramatūros lankstomos kokybiškiau ir kokios popieriaus charakteristikos tai lemia. Reikšminiai žodžiai: popierius, popieriaus charakteristikos, lankstymas, brokas.

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Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mechanical properties of paper and flexographic prints madewith different anilox rollers were investigated experimentally.Flexographic prints roughness, breaking force and folding resistancevalues were determined. The results showed that foldingresistance is bigger for machine direction prints than for crossmachine direction prints. Flexographic prints on cardboardsfolding resistance values are different for machine direction andcross machine direction. It was determined that roughness offlexographic prints increases with the amount of ink on aniloxroller. Results were explained by the ink water influence.

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The aim of the paper is to examine implementation of the laws of the cathedral chapter of the diocese of Samogitia according to the acts of the general sessions of the chapter (for the period from 1613 to 1913). The corpus of the constitutions, or statutes of the chapter was created in 1561–62 by the famous mid-16th century Lithuanian lawyers, Canon Pedro Ruiz de Moros (Petrus Roysius) and Bishop Joannes Domanowski. Despite the fact that already in 1637 Bishop Georgius Tyszkiewicz added some new constitutions (published in the annex of the paper), and there were subsequent attempts to ‘modernize’ the old corpus of the constitutions in the late 18th – early 19th century, the Roysian statutes retained their validity and exceptional authority in the life of the Samogitian cathedral chapter as long as 1925 when the old statutes were fundamentally revised. The constitutions predominantly influenced decisions of the chapter via hearing and memory. Due to the limited copies of the text which had to be not too much multiplicated in order to preserve secrecy, majority of canons were aware of the contents of the constitutions from reading aloud (usually, in fragments than in extenso) during the general sessions of the chapter. Perhaps this could explain occasional cases of erroneous allusion to the text of the constitutions in the decisions of the chapter. In some other cases, aspiration to ground the decisions of the chapter with solid arguments could inspire canons to invoke hardly definable ‘spirit’ (mens) of the constitutions. However, usually the constitutions were quoted correctly; the cases of clear reference to specific articles of the constitutions found in the acts of the general sesssions of the chapter are listed and described in the final part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article experimentally investigates the properties of offset print friction and determines static and kinetic coeffi­cients of friction. Conventional and UV inks have been found to increase the static friction coefficient and re­duce the kinetic friction coefficient between paper and print. The roughness pro­perties of two different types of paper and prints using conventional and UV inks have been examined and compared thus determining that conventional inks strongly increase the roughness of print surface and that the influence of UV inks depend on the type of paper. Santrauka Nagrinėjamos popieriaus ofsetinių atspaudų trinties savybės ir nustatyti statinis bei kinetinis trinties koeficientai. Nustatyta, kad įprastiniai ir UV dažai didina atspaudo į popierių statitinio trinties koeficiento dydį ir mažina kinetinio koeficiento dydį. Atliktas dviejų rūšių popieriaus su įprastais ir UV dažais šiurkštumo palyginamasis tyrimas ir nustatyta, kad įprasti dažai atspaudų paviršiaus šiukštumą stipriai didina, o UV dažų poveikis priklauso nuo popieriaus rūšies. Reikšminiai žodžiai: atspaudai; įprasti dažai; popierius; šiurkštumas; trintis; UV dažai.

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The paper investigates the process of delaminatinon. The carried out test included seven grades of paper and two types of lamination films (gloss and mat). Delamination was investigated at different ink coverage making from 400% to 90%. It was established that delamination was influenced by the properties of the paper, ink drying time, ink coverage, the type of a lamination film and folding direction. The optimal dependence of the lamination film on printing combination was established. Article in Lithuanian Laminavimo plėvelės atšokimo tyrimas Santrauka Darbe aprašytas laminavimo plėvelės atšokimo tyrimas. Tirti naudotas septynių rūšių popierius, dviejų rūšių laminavimo plėvelė (blizgi ir matinė). Plėvelės atšokimas tirtas skirtingų dažų plote – nuo 400 % iki 90 %. Tiriant nustatyta, kad plėvelei atšokti įtakos turi popieriaus savybės, dažų džiūvimo laikas, dažų plotas, laminavimo plėvelės rūšis, popieriaus lankstymo kryptis. Nustatytos optimalios laminavimo plėvelės priklausomybės nuo atspaudų kombinacijos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: laminavimo plėvelė, bandinio paruošimas, popieriaus rūšys, lankstymo kryptis, bigavimas, laminavimo plėvelės atšokimas.

Mechanical properties of paper and flexographic prints madewith different anilox rollers were investigated experimentally.Flexographic prints roughness, breaking force and folding resistancevalues were determined. The results showed that foldingresistance is bigger for machine direction prints than for crossmachine direction prints. Flexographic prints on cardboardsfolding resistance values are different for machine direction andcross machine direction. It was determined that roughness offlexographic prints increases with the amount of ink on aniloxroller. Results were explained by the ink water influence. Santrauka Eksperimentiškai ištirtos įvairių rūšių popieriaus ir fleksografinių atspaudų, gautų dengiant popierių skirtingo plotinio tūrio aniloksiniais voleliais, mechaninės savybės. Nustatytos popieriaus ir fleksografinių atspaudų šiurkštumo, atsparumo tempimui bei atsparumo lenkimui vertės. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad atspaudų atsparumas lankstymui yra didesnis išilgine nei skersine popieriaus kryptimi. Dengiant kartonus fleksografiniais dažais, atsparumas tempimui keičiasi, ir ši kaita yra skirtinga išilgine ir skersine kryptimis. Nustatyta, kad fleksografinio atspaudo šiurkštumas didėja, storėjant dažų sluoksniui ant aniloksinio volelio. Manoma, kad taip nutinka dėl dažuose esančio vandens. Reikšminiai žodžiai: fleksografiniai atspaudai ant popieriaus, fleksografiniai atspaudai ant kartono, aniloksinis volelis, šiurkštumas, atsparumas lenkimui, atsparumas tempimui.

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Knygotyra is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper contains an editing of seven documents and letters concerning the tithes from Radziwiłł’s estates near Brest for the Catholic parish church in Čarnaŭčycy and St. Barbara provostry in Brest. Senders were two members of the Radziwiłł family: Mikołaj Krzysztof “The Orphan” and Albrycht Władysław and addresses parish priests and land-stewards. This documents are interesting sources of knowledge about relations between them and landlord’s activity in the field of solutions to the disputes about tithes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The category of the body is the main object of this study. The paper hopes to further examine the “corporal” theme in the research of the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania while simultaneously aiming to outline the countours of the concept. Being a legal codex, The First Statute of Lithuania (1529) was chosen as a foundational text for this study since it pertains to various aspects of both public and private life. Albeit not exhausting all possible interpretations, three bodies were examined more closely: that of a nobleman, of the grand duke, and of the state (the Grand Duchy) – each more abstract than the former. First of these can be associated with terms of status and honour, the second functions as if by extensions of ducal officers and medias, while the third is characterized by the matters of indivisibility, inalienation and membership. Moreover, three different properties (or faculties) were attributed to the body: epistemological (via senses and body marking), agential (as a mean to excercise one’s will and freedoms), and individualizing (as in the problem of belonging). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines paleographic specifics of Ruthenian documents of Alexander Jagiellon (1492–1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania. We looked into 17 documents of this ruler, kept in Lithuania and Poland. The examination of Alexander Jagiellon’s Ruthenian documents enabled us to establish the following: 1) the documents were written on two types of material – parchment or paper – using black or brown ink; 2) the documents were authenticated with pendant or applied seals of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, while other means of authentication such as signatures of the ruler or his officials were not detected; 3) individual letters in the texts of the documents are enlarged and/or decorated; 4) in all these documents, the slant of the letters varies (the letters are either vertical or slanted to the left or right); 5) some letters (mostly consonants) are raised above words, even though they make only a small part of all letters in the documents; 6) some words are made shorter by omitting vowels; 7) words are often (but not always) separated by spaces; 8) letters in individual words are almost never connected. The paleographic analysis of Alexander Jagiellon’s Ruthenian documents confirms an idea (expressed in historiography as early as in the last century) of the conditionality of the term “cursive” and manifestation of some traits of semi-uncial in Ruthenian documents of the Chancery of the Grand Duke of Lithuania in the 16th century. The Ruthenian documents of this ruler display features of both cursive and semi-uncial or even uncial. We also attempted to identify individuals (Alexander Jagiellon’s scribes) who could have been responsible for the preparation of documents and documents that could have been written by the same individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to answer a seemingly simple question: did the Dominican church exist in Vilnius during the reign of the Lithuanian grand duke Gediminas (1316–1341)? It is mentioned in a several letters of this ruler that were produced in 1323 and, therefore, the idea that this church was a real thing received wide currency in numerous historiographical works. However, the comprehensible analysis of the contradictory information regarding this subject-matter, and the very absence of its mention in a letter addressed to the Dominicans themselves, allowed the author of this paper to advance a thesis that this church, in all probability and likelihood, did not exist at all. The fact that it was mentioned might be interpreted as an attempt by Gediminas to produce a most positive image of his (pagan) country in the eyes of the intended (Roman Christian) audience. In sum, Gediminas collaborated more closely with the Franciscans, but some Dominican friars also were present at his court in 1323. It would be extremely interesting to know whence they came. However, for the lack of conclusive evidence this question must remain unanswered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)