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2. Neepisteminis modalumas lietuvių ir anglų mokslo kalboje: kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai vartosenos ypatumai.
- Author
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Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
- Abstract
Copyright of Linguistics: Germanic & Romance Studies / Kalbotyra: Romanu ir Germanu Studijos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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3. LEXICAL RELATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH ACADEMIC DISCOURSE.
- Author
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Bernotienė, Liolita
- Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
4. DEKONSTRUOJANT IDEOLOGEMĄ: KĄ REIŠKIA LIETUVOS „GRĮŽIMO Į VAKARUS“ TEZĖ?
- Author
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RADŽVILAS, VYTAUTAS
- Subjects
ECONOMIC security ,FINANCIAL crises ,PUBLIC officers ,ACADEMIC discourse ,WEALTH - Abstract
Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Metakalbos elementai akademiniuose studentų tekstuose.
- Author
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ALAUNIENĖ, Zita and VALSKYS, Vidas
- Subjects
METALANGUAGE ,ACADEMIC discourse ,SOCIAL sciences education ,HUMANITIES education ,CONTENT analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,HYPOTHESIS ,COMPOSITION (Language arts) - Abstract
Copyright of Man & the Word / Zmogus ir zodis is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
6. Evaluation in discussion sessions of conference presentations: theoretical foundations for a multimodal analysis
- Author
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Mercedes Querol-Julián and Inmaculada Fortanet-Gómez
- Subjects
multimodal discourse analysis ,discourse analysis ,discussion sessions ,conference presentations ,academic discourse ,English for Academic Purposes ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Discussions sessions have not received much attention within the genre of conference presentations. In this paper, we present the theoretical framework that underlies the approach followed to analyse the multimodal expression of evaluation. Then, an example of the application of the study has been considered necessary to understand it. Corpus linguistics provided the indications to collect the corpus, annotate it and find the appropriate software to digitalise the relevant information for the study. Secondly, genre studies and conversational analysis gave the clues to establish a structure in the linguistic expressions found in the discussion sessions of paper presentations. Thirdly, systemic functional linguistics and pragmatics provided the basis for an evaluative scheme that could be applied to the academic discourse of the corpus, considering its multimodal nature. Fourthly, the tools to observe the non-verbal communication associated with evaluative language were found in multimodal discourse analysis studies. All together, the application of these variables led to an original study of discussion sessions, which deployed interesting results.
- Published
- 2014
7. The modal verb galėti ʻcan/could/may/mightʼ in academic Lithuanian: distribution, frequency and semantic properties
- Author
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Jolanta Šinkūnienė
- Subjects
modality ,academic discourse ,corpus-based analysis ,cross-disciplinary analysis ,modal verbs ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to investigate the frequency and distribution patterns as well as the spectrum of modal meanings conveyed by the Lithuanian modal verb of possibility galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ in academic Lithuanian. The study is based on Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum (www.coralit.lt), a specialized synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian (roughly 9 million words). In order to allow a disciplinary comparison, the paper analyses the use of this modal verb in academic texts from three science fields: the humanities, the biomedical sciences and the technological sciences. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are employed alongside corpus-based analysis to reveal the ways in which this modal verb of possibility is used in academic language. The first part of the paper investigates the frequency patterns of various forms of galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ in the three science fields. The second part looks at the variety of meanings this modal verb can convey in Lithuanian specialised language. The results show that there is a fairly similar distribution of this modal verb across different science fields. In terms of its semantic functional capacities, galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ is used to convey all three types of modality (epistemic, deontic and dynamic), however, the most frequent use in Lithuanian academic discourse seems to be that of dynamic modality.
- Published
- 2017
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8. Evaluation in discussion sessions of conference presentations: theoretical foundations for a multimodal analysis
- Author
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Mercedes Querol-Julián and Inmaculada Fortanet-Gómez
- Subjects
multimodal discourse analysis ,discourse analysis ,discussion sessions ,conference presentations ,academic discourse ,English for Academic Purposes ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Discussions sessions have not received much attention within the genre of conference presentations. In this paper, we present the theoretical framework that underlies the approach followed to analyse the multimodal expression of evaluation. Then, an example of the application of the study has been considered necessary to understand it. Corpus linguistics provided the indications to collect the corpus, annotate it and find the appropriate software to digitalise the relevant information for the study. Secondly, genre studies and conversational analysis gave the clues to establish a structure in the linguistic expressions found in the discussion sessions of paper presentations. Thirdly, systemic functional linguistics and pragmatics provided the basis for an evaluative scheme that could be applied to the academic discourse of the corpus, considering its multimodal nature. Fourthly, the tools to observe the non-verbal communication associated with evaluative language were found in multimodal discourse analysis studies. All together, the application of these variables led to an original study of discussion sessions, which deployed interesting results.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Autoriaus pozicijos adverbialai ir adverbializacija lietuvių mokslo kalboje. Stance adverbials and adverbialization in Lithuanian academic discourse
- Author
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Aurelija Usonienė and Antanas Smetona
- Subjects
adverbialai ,adverbializacija ,akademinis diskursas ,autoriaus pozicija ,lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstynas ,adverbials ,adverbialization ,academic discourse ,author stance ,the corpus of academic Lithuanian ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of distinguishing a semantic-functional class of stance adverbials in Lithuanian. Following Biber et al. (1999) and Hasselgård (2010) an attempt is made to show that alongside circumstance adverbials there are also linking adverbials and stance adverbials in Lithuanian. The means of realization of stance adverbials in Lithuanian is not only adverbs but also so called modal words (galbūt ‘maybe’, tikriausiai ‘most probably’), various particles (taigi ‘therefore’, visgi ‘still’, ‘nevertheless’), CTPs (manoma ‘it is believed’, natūralu ‘naturally’), various adverbial clauses (kaip matyti ‘as it is seen, as one can see’, kaip žinoma ‘as is known’) but also prepositional phrases (pasak X ‘according to X’). The article devotes much attention to the semantic classification of the basic types of stance adverbials, which has been illustrated by the language data collected from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum – CorALit – http://coralit.lt). The paper also touches upon the process of adverbialization and its relationship to grammaticalization which presupposes the desemanticization and (inter)subjectivization of the linguistic expressions under analysis. Many Lithuanian verbal and adjectival CTPs like žinoma ‘it is known’, suprantama ‘it is understood’, tarkim ‘let’s say’ can develop into stance adverbials and further into discourse markers by losing any links to the original lexical meaning of the verb they have evolved from. ------ Straipsnio tikslas parodyti, kodėl reikėtų ir kodėl galima būtų skirti semantinę-funkcinę adverbialų klasę lietuvių kalboje. Pastaroji nėra tapatinama su prieveiksmiais kaip tradicine kalbos dalimi gramatikoje ar aplinkybėmis kaip tradicine sakinio dalimi sintaksėje. Be to, nėra kvestionuojamas aptariamų kalbos reiškinių statusas kalbos dalių ar sakinio dalių požiūriu. Siūloma atkreipti dėmesį į kalboje objektyviai egzistuojančią straipsnyje aptariamų raiškos priemonių aiškinimo įvairovę. Jų semantinė-funkcinė charakteristika netelpa į prieveiksmių (DLKG 1996, 422-429; Valeckienė 1998, 169-170), aplinkybių (DLKG 1996, 527-553; Valeckienė 1998, 55-66) bei modifikuojamųjų dalelyčių (Valeckienė 1998, 191) reikšmių ir tipų klasifikaciją. Šios semantinės-funkcinės klasės aptarimas remiasi autoriaus pozicijos raiškos tyrimu lietuvių mokslo kalboje1. Visi kalbos duomenys surinkti iš Lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstyno (Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum: http://coralit.lt/). Darbe trumpai apžvelgiami akademinio diskurso ypatumai ir autoriaus pozicijos vaidmuo užmezgant ir plėtojant dialogą su skaitytoju. Epizodiškai gretinami adverbialinių autoriaus pozicijos sąvokos apimties ir jos raiškos būdų ypatumai kitose kalbose. Pateikiama autoriaus pozicijos adverbialų semantinė klasifikacija ir jų raiškos priemonių įvairovė. Labai trumpai aptariama adverbializacijos proceso esmė ir jo sąsajos su gramatikalizacija bei intersubjektyvumu.
- Published
- 2012
10. VU hidrometeorologijos specialybės studentų baigiamųjų darbų analizė klimato kaitos diskurso kontekste.
- Author
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Valiuškevičius, Gintaras
- Abstract
The paper presents analysis of the structure of hydrometeorologists' graduate works in Vilnius University in 1994-2013. It also discusses the climate change academic discourse. The structure of analyzed works themes and the status of the climate change concept during the analyzed period have changed for the informational and technological development impact. The indicators especially changed in the second half of the period. It is related to the changes in the general paradigm of hydrometeorological research in the beginning of the twenty-first century. Around 2003-2005 these works started analyzing meteorological-climatological issues (previously hydrological themes dominated). At the same time the use of regular monitoring measurements data began to increase and longer data series were examined. In recent years significantly more theses cited literature in English. The term "climate change" is mentioned 1.6 times more at the end of the research period than at the beginning of this period. Currently this term is increasingly used to describe the objectives and tasks of theses. The study indicates that the phrase "climate change" is often used in the introductions of works (because authors lack arguments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
11. Carrying Across or Pulling down? Understanding Translation through its Metaphors: A Cross-linguistic Perspective
- Author
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Inesa Šeškauskienė
- Subjects
metaphor ,translation ,English ,Lithuanian ,academic discourse ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The paper investigates how translation is conceptualised through metaphors employed in academic texts in English and Lithuanian focusing on translation problems. As established by previous research, metaphors are tools of rendering abstract thought in terms of more concrete experiences. The methodology of this investigation is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and further development in metaphor research, the main principles of Metaphor Identification Procedure and metaphorical patterns. The results suggest that English tends to more frequently conceptualise translation as human and also as a dynamic activity, whereas Lithuanian opts for more static conceptualisation of translation in terms of object and material. Such tendencies might be linked, among other factors, to very different etymologies of the verb ‘translate’ and its derivatives in English and Lithuanian as well as other senses of the word.
- Published
- 2020
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12. Nonepistemic modality in English and Lithuanian academic discourse: quantitative and qualitative perspectives
- Author
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Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Cross-disciplinary analysis ,Academic discourse ,Cross-linguistic analysis ,Akademinis diskursas ,Neepistemininis modalumas ,Tarpdisciplininė analizė ,Root modality ,Anglų kalba / English language ,Tarpkalbinė analizė ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology - Abstract
Straipsnyje aptariamas modalinių veiksmažodžių „should“ ir „turėti“ kiekybinis pasiskirstymas humanitarinių ir (bio)medicinos mokslo sričių tekstuose lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis ir šių veiksmažodžių atliekamos funkcijos, kai jie vartojami neepistemine reikšme. Analizei naudojamas Šiuolaikinės amerikiečių anglų kalbos tekstynas (COCA) ir Lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstynas CorALit. Kiekybinės analizės rezultatai rodo, kad „turėti“ yra vienodai dažnas abiejose mokslo srityse, jose taip pat vyrauja teigiamos „turėti“ formos. Humanitarinių mokslų tekstuose posesyvinis ir modalinis „turėti“ pasiskirsto maždaug tolygiai, biomedicinos mokslų diskurse dažnesnė posesyvinė „turėti“ vartosena. Abiejose mokslo srityse dažniausiai vartojama „turėti“ forma yra trečiojo asmens. Anglakalbių autorių mokslo kalboje „should“ dažniau renkasi medicinos srities mokslininkai, nei humanitarai. Analizuojamų veiksmažodžių dažnio palyginimas su „must“ ir „privalėti“ kiekybine vartosena rodo, kad „must“ vartojamas beveik vienodai dažnai kaip ir „should“ humanitarų tekstuose, tačiau ženkliai rečiau medicinos srities tekstuose, kur dominuoja „should“. Tai gali būti siejama su dažna rekomendacine „should“ atliekama funkcija medikų moksliniame diskurse. Lietuvių mokslo kalboje „privalėti“ yra beveik nevartojamas. Kokybinė neepisteminių „should“ ir „turėti“ vartosenos atvejų analizė atskleidė keturis „should“ ir „turėti“ funkcinius tipus: abu veiksmažodžiai gali būti panaudojami reikšti moralinį į(si)-pareigojimą, teikti rekomendacijas, duoti instrukcijas, ir organizuoti diskursą. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the frequency distribution and semantic-pragmatic usage patterns of obligation and necessity modals "should" and "turėti" "have to" in two science fields (humanities and (bio)medicine) and two languages (English and Lithuanian). Quantitative and qualitative approaches are employed alongside contrastive analysis to reveal the ways in which the two languages and two science fields overlap or differ with regard to the use of obligation and necessity modals as stance markers. The English language data is taken from the Academic language subcorpus of COCA, while the Lithuanian language data comes from Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum (www.coralit.lt), a specialized synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian (roughly 9 million words). The first part of the paper looks at the distribution and frequency patterns of the obligation and necessity modals under study investigating disciplinary and language specific variaton in their use. In all of its uses "turėti" "have to" is equally common in both the humanities and (bio)medical discourse. However, the two fields differ in how frequently they employ possessive and modal "turėti" "have to", which is more frequent in its possessive use in (bio)medical texts. The humanities show a more or less equal distribution of the two meanings of "turėti" "have to". A brief quantitative comparison with "privalėti" "must" shows that this verb appears in Lithuanian academic discourse very rarely. The quantitative analysis of the English sub-corpus demonstrates that "should" is more frequent in medical discourse than in the humanities, which could be linked to a frequent recommendational function this modal verb performs in medical writing. Differently from "privalėti" "must", "must" is not avoided in the English academic discourse. The second part focuses on the semantic-pragmatic differences in the ways obligation and necessity modals are used to create engagement in different disciplines and research cultures. The qualitative analysis based on a sample of randomly selected 600 cases of "should" and "turėti" "have to" revealed that there are four major functions these modals perform in academic discourse: they are used to mark moral obligation or duty, give recommendations, describe procedures and instructions and organize discourse. It appears that researchers in different disciplines and cultures tend to emphasize professional rules, procedures and expectations of the professional community to a similar extent, at least so far as "should" and "turėti" "have to" use shows. Recommendations expressed by should and turėti ‘have to’ are also frequent which signals the eagerness of researchers to offer recommended course of action or guidelines for future research. The most engaging use to indicate moral obligation or duty by "should" and "turėti" "have to" is not frequent in research writing and is primarily characteristic of the humanities where researchers tend to construct more engaging relations than in the sciences (cf. Hyland 2002, 2005, 2008). Same is true for "should" in its discourse organizing function which is more frequent in the humanities. Finally, more additional contextual markers of author stance (hedges, directives, second person pronouns) accompanying "should" were observed in the English language texts which points towards more persuasiveness in research writing of Anglo-American tradition. Set within the context of other cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary studies on author stance, this research might contribute to a better undestanding of how academic rhetoric is influenced by both the disciplinary convention and cultural tradition.
- Published
- 2015
13. Tarpkalbiniai ir tarpdalykiniai mokslo kalbos tyrimai: medžiagos ir metodų pasirinkimo iššūkiai tyrėjams
- Author
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Jolanta Šinkūnienė
- Subjects
lcsh:Language and Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,Mokslinis straipsnis ,Academic discourse ,Discourse analysis ,mokslo kalba ,Face (sociological concept) ,Context (language use) ,Language and Linguistics ,Argumentation theory ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Corpora ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,Research article ,Academic texts ,Comparable corpus ,Sociology ,Tarpdalykiniai tyrimai ,Comparable corpora ,Cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic studies ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Common ground ,Akademinis diskursas ,Tekstynas ,Cross-linguistic studies ,Palyginamieji tekstynai ,Tarpkalbiniai tyrimai ,Linguistics ,lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,Mokslo kalba ,Variation (linguistics) ,Mokslinis leidinys ,Academic publication ,tarpdalykiniai ir tarpkalbiniai tyrimai ,lcsh:P ,Tarpdalykiniai ir tarpkalbiniai tyrimai ,Cross-disciplinary stdies ,Mokslinis tekstas ,Discipline ,palyginamieji tekstynai - Abstract
Straipsnyje trumpai apžvelgiamos dominuojančios šiuolaikinių mokslo kalbos tyrimų kryptys, tačiau pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas mokslinio straipsnio, kaip akademinio žanro, tyrimams ir jų metodikai. Mokslinio straipsnio struktūra ir jos ypatumai, autoriaus argumentavimo strategijos yra akademinio diskurso bruožai, sulaukę itin didelio kalbininkų susidomėjimo pasaulinėje lingvistikoje. Šio apžvalginio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti tarpdalykinių ir tarpkalbinių tyrimų specifiką ir išryškinti kai kuriuos metodologinius aspektus, svarbius sudarant specialiuosius palyginamuosius mokslo kalbos tekstynus. Remiantis naujausiais šios srities tyrimais, apžvelgiami pasaulio tyrėjų sprendimai tekstyno sandaros ir medžiagos analizės klausimais. Straipsnis galėtų būti naudingas studentams, jauniesiems tyrėjams, besidomintiems specialiųjų mokslo kalbos tekstynų sudarymu ir analize. Recent trends in academic discourse analysis reveal a keen scholarly interest in crossdisciplinary and cross-linguistic variation in academic texts. While most of the research is still on the English language, the last few decades have seen an upsurge of interest in academic discourse produced in other languages, frequently comparing it to patterns of writing and argumentation in Anglo-American scientific texts. Numerous studies attempt to outline the universal features of academic discourse as well as to highlight the specific ones, typical only of some of the disciplines or cultural communities. Thus, features of academic discourse are often interpreted within the "big" (i. e. national) and "small" (i. e. disciplinary) culture context (cf. Atkinson 2004). The paper briefly reviews trends in current academic discourse research, mainly in the genre of the research article. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the challenges that researchers of academic discourse face while compiling specialized comparable corpora for their cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic analyses and to highlight certain methodological issues which are important in this type of analyses. As noted by many researchers in the field, the reliability of the results and a better empirical grounding primarily depend on the appropriately selected common ground of comparison. An overview of recently published research on cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary aspects of academic discourse reveals various methodological solutions to corpus design and data analysis.
- Published
- 2013
14. Metadiscourse in Linguistics Master’s Theses in English L1 and L2
- Author
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Burneikaitė, Nida
- Subjects
Interpersonal strategies ,Kalbų (užsienio) mokymas / Language (foreign) teaching ,Metadiscourse ,Academic discourse ,Diskurso analizė ,Akademinis diskursas ,Master Thesis ,Interpersonal function of a text ,Literatūra / Literature ,Metadiskursas ,Kalbos (gimtosios) mokymas / Language (mother) teaching ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Tarpasmeninė teksto funkcija ,Magistro tezės ,Tarpasmeninės strategijos ,Master thesis genre ,Anglų kalba / English language ,Disoucrse analyses - Abstract
Nemažai pastarojo dešimtmečio akademinio diskurso tyrinėjimų orientuojasi į tarpasmeninės kalbos funkcijos ir metadiskurso analizę. Nustatyta, jog tarpasmeninių rašytojo ir skaitytojo santykių pobūdis bei metadiskurso strategijų vartojimas akademiniuose tekstuose gerokai varijuoja dėl kultūrinio–kalbinio konteksto, disciplinos ir žanro ypatumų. Mokslinis straipsnis yra bene dažniausiai tyrinėjamas akademinis žanras, o kitiems žanrams skiriama mažiau dėmesio. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama tarpasmeninė kalbos funkcija magistro darbo (MA thesis) žanre. Lyginamos metadiskurso strategijos tekstuose, sukurtuose skirtinguose edukaciniuose kontekstuose – Anglijos ir Lietuvos universitetuose. Tyrimo tikslais sukaupti du tekstynai: 20 gimtakalbių ir 20 negimtakalbių (lietuvių) studentų darbų anglų kalba iš kalbotyros srities. Nustatyta, jog MA darbuose gausiai vartojamas tekstą organizuojantis metadiskursas, saikingai – į diskurso dalyvius orientuotas metadiskursas, retai – vertinamasis metadiskursas. Gretinamoji analizė parodė, jog metadiskurso žymenų santykinis dažnumas yra gana panašus gimtakalbių ir negimtakalbių tekstuose. Tačiau pastebėta, jog skiriasi tam tikrų mažesnių, specifinių kategorijų vartojimas: negimtakalbiai (lietuviai) studentai vartoja daug daugiau teksto jungtukų ir daug mažiau endoforinių, į skaitytoją orientuotų bei vertinamųjų žymenų. Straipsnyje taip pat aptariama edukacinių institucijų tradicijų bei individualaus rašymo stiliaus svarba kuriant tarpasmeninius rašytojo ir skaitytojo santykius akademiniame diskurse. Many researches of academic discourse of the recent decade focus on the analysis of an interpersonal language function and metadiscourse. It has been established that the nature of interpersonal relations between the writer and the reader and the use of metadiscourse strategies in academic texts rather vary due to the peculiarities of a cultural-linguistic context, discipline and genre. A scientific paper is almost most frequently investigated academic genre, whereas other genres get less attention. This paper analyses an interpersonal language function in the genre of MA thesis. Metadiscourse strategies were compared in texts created in different educational contexts: English and Lithuanian universities. Two corpuses were compiled for the purpose of the research: 20 theses by native speakers and 20 theses by non-native speakers (Lithuanian) in English in the field of language studies. It has been established that text organising metadiscourse is abundantly used in MA theses, discourse participants oriented metadiscourse – moderately, and evaluative metadiscourse – rarely. The comparative analysis showed that the relative incidence of metadiscourse markers was rather similar in the texts of native speakers and non-native speakers. However, difference was observed in the use of certain smaller, specific categories: non-native speakers (Lithuanians) used more text connectors and considerably fewer endophoric, reader oriented and evaluative markers. The paper also discusses the importance of traditions of educational institutions and individual writing style for the creation of interpersonal writer-reader relations in an academic discourse.
- Published
- 2008
15. Asmeniniai įvardžiai mokslo kalboje. Personal pronouns in Lithuanian scientific discourse
- Author
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Nijolė Linkevičienė and Jolanta Šinkūnienė
- Subjects
akademinis diskursas ,autoriaus pozicija ,asmeniniai įvardžiai ,inkliuzyvinės ir eksliuzyvinės įvardžio mes reikšmės ,academic discourse ,author stance ,personal pronouns ,we inclusive ,we exclusive ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The focus of the paper is the use of personal pronouns as a means of author stance expression in the Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum (about 9 million words) representing a variety of academic genres in five science areas (Biomedical sciences, Humanities, Physical sciences, Social sciences, Technological sciences). Pronouns in the subject position in Lithuanian may be omitted, as the person/number inflection of the verb already indicates the subject. Therefore, when the pronoun does occur in scientific discourse it might be interpreted as an emphasized expression of the author stance.In this study qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed to reveal distributional information and usage patterns of the personal pronouns I and we. The results of the study indicate cross-disciplinary differences in the use of personal pronouns in different science areas: researchers in the hard science fields tend to use personal pronouns to a much smaller extent than researchers in the soft fields. The study also showed marked differences in the distribution of exclusive and inclusive we. Scientists in the humanities and social sciences prefer the inclusive communal we, whereas researchers in biomedical, physical and technological sciences favour the exclusive we which primarily refers to the authors themselves or to the academic community. A case study of the personal pronoun you revealed its rare usage in scientific Lithuanian. This pronoun is usually employed to refer to the indefinite addressee. ------ Straipsnyje aptariama autoriaus pozicijos raiška asmeniniais įvardžiais lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstyne CorALit. Pasitelkus kiekybinę ir kokybinę analizę, tiriami asmeninių įvardžių aš ir mes bei jų dažniausių gramatinių formų vartosenos ypatumai biomedicinos, humanitarinių, socialinių, fizinių ir technologinių mokslų srityse. Tyrimas parodė, kad tiek vienaskaitinė, tiek daugiskaitinė autoriaus pozicijos raiška asmeniniais įvardžiais tiksliųjų mokslų tekstuose yra retesnė nei humanitariniuose. Straipsnyje taip pat apžvelgiami dažniausi ekskliuzyvinio ir inkliuzyvinio mes tipai, jų kiekybinis pasiskirstymas tarp skirtingų mokslo sričių. Humanitarai ir socialinių mokslų atstovai pirmenybę teikia inkliuzyviniam mes, o biomedicinos, fizikos ir technologinių mokslų srityse dominuoja ekskliuzyvinio mes vartosena. Neretai tikslią mes reikšmę yra sunku nustatyti, o dviprasmiška mes interpretacija moksliniame tekste gali turėti persvazinį efektą. Tyrimu atkreipiamas dėmesys ir į palyginti retą akademiniuose tekstuose įvardžio jūs vartoseną, nurodančią autoriaus ir skaitytojo santykį. Tiesioginis ryšys su skaitytoju atsiranda akademiniuose žanruose, kur teksto autorius pasirenka dialoginę (plačiąja prasme) rašymo formą ir kalba su skaitytoju. Paprastai autoriaus vaidmuo yra dominuojantis – kreipdamasis į skaitytoją, jis globoja jį, moko, pataria, kartais imperatyviai nurodo, ką būtina padaryti. Dažniausiai adresatas jūs nėra konkretus ir vartojamas neapibrėžta reikšme.
- Published
- 2012
16. Evidential adverbials in Lithuanian: a corpus-based study
- Author
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Anna Ruskan
- Subjects
evidential adverbial ,inference ,hearsay ,pragmatic marker ,fiction ,academic discourse ,Language and Literature ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The present study examines the functional distribution of the adverbials akivaizdžiai ‘evidently’, aiškiai ‘clearly’, ryškiai ‘visibly/clearly’, tariamai ‘allegedly/supposedly’ and aišku ‘clearly/of course’ in Lithuanian fiction and academic discourse. The aim of the study is to identify the evidential and/or pragmatic functions of perception and communication-based adverbials which can be traced synchronically to different syntactic environment (a predication manner adverbial and a CTP clause). The paper examines the frequency of these adverbials, their position, scope, functions, co-occurrence with argumentative markers, word class (adverb or non-agreeing adjective) and the type of discourse they occur in. The research is conducted by applying a corpus-based methodology and the data are obtained from the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language, namely from the subcorpus of fiction, and the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian. The perception-based adverbials akivaizdžiai ‘evidently’, aiškiai ‘clearly’, ryškiai ‘clearly/visibly’ and aišku ‘clearly/of course’ denote inferences drawn from perceptual and conceptual evidence and contribute to persuasive authorial argumentation, while the communication-based adverbial tariamai ‘allegedly/supposedly’ functions as a hearsay marker. The latter may also be used as an epistemic marker which refers to unreal or imagined situations. In contexts of common knowledge, the adverbial aišku ‘clearly/of course’ acquires interactional and textual functions and thus reveals traces of pragmaticalisation. In academic discourse, it signals interaction with the addressee and links units of discourse, while in fiction it functions as a speech act modifier in a variety of emotive contexts. The pragmaticalisation of aišku ‘clearly/of course’ is also marked by its high frequency, positional mobility (initial, medial, final) and scopal variability (clausal, phrasal). Alongside its discrete evidential and pragmatic functions, the adverbial aišku ‘clearly/of course’ displays the merger of the two functions. The adverbials akivaizdžiai ‘evidently’, aiškiai ‘clearly’, ryškiai ‘visibly/clearly’ and tariamai ‘allegedly/supposedly’ do not acquire a pragmatic function, which is indicated by their frequency and position. The results of the present study corroborate the findings of previous studies that common sources of evidential adverbials and pragmatic markers in Lithuanian are verb-based, adjective-based and noun-based CTP clauses.
- Published
- 2015
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17. EKOSAUGUMO KONCEPCIJA TARPTAUTINIUOSE SANTYKIUOSE: SAMPRATA, BRUOŽAI, REIKŠMĖ.
- Author
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Zapolskis, Martynas
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL security ,SOCIAL policy ,ECONOMIC policy ,ACADEMIC discourse ,SOCIAL factors ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
18. Autoriaus pozicijos raiška asmeniniais įvardžiais rašytiniame akademiniame diskurse
- Author
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Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
- Subjects
Authorial stance ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Academic discourse ,Personal pronouns ,Akademinis diskursas ,Tekstynas ,Autoriaus pozicija ,Anglų kalba / English language ,Corpus ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology ,udc:801.7 - Abstract
Pastaruosius keletą dešimtmečių itin padidėjo lingvistų susidomėjimas akademiniu diskursu bei autoriaus pozicijos raiška moksliniame tekste. Daugybė tyrimų, pagrįstų įvairių kalbų ir disciplinų empirine medžiaga, parodė, kad autorius moksliniame tekste yra aiškiai matomas bei aktyviai reiškia savo poziciją. [...] Vienas pagrindinių būdų atvirai reikšti autoriaus poziciją yra asmeninių įvardžių vartojimas. Pasirinkdamas vienokią ar kitokią asmeninio įvardžio formą, autorius gali „vesti skaitytoją per tekstą“, išreikšti asmeninę nuomonę, paaiškinti atlikto tyrimo eigą, pristatyti rezultatus bei apskritai kurti ryšį su skaitytoju ir daryti įtaką skaitytojo požiūriui į jam pateikiamą tekstą. Asmeninių įvardžių vartojimas, taip pat kaip ir jų nebuvimas tekste, atskleidžia ne tik akademinio diskurso specifiką bet ir tam tikroje kultūroje ar mokslo srityje egzistuojančias rašymo konvencijas. Šio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti tarpkalbinius ir tarpdisciplininius asmeninių įvardžių, vartojamų autoriaus pozicijai reikšti moksliniame tekste, aspektus ir išsamiau patyrinėti įvardžio mes semantiką nustatyti pragmatines funkcijas, kurias šis įvardis atlieka akademiniuose tekstuose. Tyrimui naudojamas 300000 žodžių tekstynas, sudarytas iš mokslinių medicinos ir kalbotyros straipsnių lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia daryti išvadą kad galima kalbėti apie tarpkalbinius ir tarpdisciplininius autoriaus pozicijos raiškos skirtumus moksliniame tekste During the last few decades there has been a growing interest in academic discourse as well as in writer identity and the presence of author's voice in scientific writing. It has been suggested by extensive research that academic discourse is far from being purely rigid and propositional. [...] One of the ways to manifest the authorial presence in the text is by the use of personal pronouns I and we. By employing personal pronouns and shifting between first person singular pronoun as well as inclusive and exclusive we, the authors can guide the reader through the text, state personal opinion and show commitment to the proposition expressed, explain the research procedures, report the results and generally indicate the link between themselves and the audience. The presence of personal pronouns, just as well as their absence, can reveal certain characteristics of a particular academic discourse as well as conventions of writing in a particular culture or science field. The aim of this paper is to look at the use of personal pronouns in academic discourse from cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary perspectives. The corpus (ca 300000 words) used for this study is comprised from research articles in Linguistics and Medicine in Lithuanian and English. The preliminary findings of this study lead to the conclusion that it is possible to talk about cross-cultural as well as about cross-disciplinary differences within academic genre as far as the expression of authorial presence is concerned
- Published
- 2010
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