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The physical sprawl of a town is one of the main factors having an influence on peri-urban functional development and economic expansion. After Lithuania became a member of the EU, it is predicted that the biggest towns and especially the capital of Vilnius will undergo considerable changes in its peri-urban structure. The aim of this paper is to discus the evaluation criteria and facts of the interface between urban factors - urban development and open landscape - natural landscape, agricultural landscape, green recreational areas in peri-urban landscape. Foreign practical and theoretical works are the base of the study and discussion. The paper presents the main definitions concerning the theme. On the basis of an ecosystematic approach the evaluation aspects are classified into the following groups: territorial, morphological, contextual-visual, aesthetical, sociocultural, social and ecological groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an update on the actual topics of research in diverse lines of urban and volumetric architecture with an outline of important social, economical and environmental areas. Modern research should involve partnership from the public sector and business, Topics for research could be obtained in the above introduced areas, thus practically implementing and testing the results of research. The articles of recent publication have been peer-reviewed and evaluated by the members of the scientific committee of the conference. Eleven articles have been selected. Eight authors are representatives of VGTU. The papers produced by the authors from Riga Technical University, the University of Weimar and Vilnius Academy of Arts have also been chosen. The topics of the selected articles reveal the authors’ interests in the traditional and non-conventional areas of research. Urban structure and identity, landscape and recreation, mobility and architectural heritage aspects are reflected in the picked out papers. Article in Lithuanian Šiandienos iššūkiai teminio žurnalo numerio straipsniuose Santrauka Pastarojo laikotarpio ūkio raidos pamokos pareikalavo persvarstyti visuomenės vertybes ir standartinį supratimą apie pažangą Lietuvoje net labiau nei kitur už jos ribų. Visuomenė, patikėjusi, kad pažanga pasiekiama skubotomis investicijomis į medžiaginę sritį, gavo skaudžiai pajusti ūkio visuotinio nuosmukio kartėlį. Tokia padėtis reikalauja, kad ir akademinio sektoriaus lyderiai savo moksliniuose tyrimuose atsigręžtų į ūkio sąstingio sukeltus visuomenės pokyčius, įgaunančius laiko ženklų pobūdį mūsų miestų aplinkoje. Šios srities tyrėjų žvilgsnis turi apimti aštrias visuomenei iškilusias problemas ir nesitenkinti vien uždaro intereso akademinėmis treniruotėmis. Pagrindiniai barai, kuriuose laukiama architektūros meno ir mokslo meistrų žodžio, yra susiję su integralia aplinka, visuomenės lūkesčiais ir ūkio raida. Masiškai tiražuoti beveidžiai būstai jau tapo nuosmukio pranašais ir savo laikotarpio paminklais. Prieinamo, socialiai ir kontekstualiai adaptuoto būsto kūrimo klausimai turėtų rasti atgarsį šiandienos jaunųjų tyrėjų darbuose. Išteklių stygius sukrėtė viešųjų paslaugų sektorių ir taip palietė kiekvieno gyventojo interesus. Sveikatos apsauga, švietimas, ikimokyklinė priežiūra tampa vis sunkiau prieinama. Kaip šie procesai turėtų būti planuojami miestų plėtros požiūriu? Kokiais būdais turi būti restruktūrizuojama ir transformuojma griūti pasiruošusi viešųjų paslaugų sritis? Darbo vietų stoka skaudžiai palietė daugelio šeimų gerovę. Kokie šiuolaikinės technologijų, nuotolinių komunikacijų plėtros vejamo verslo sektoriaus plėtros mieste modeliai? Kaip turi plėtotis miestų kraštovaizdis, kad jis būtų geriau pasiekiamas rekreacijos, sveikatos, mobilumo ir kitais tikslais? Kaip panaudoti besiplečiančios atsinaujinančiosios energetikos sistemas bei elementus miestų plėtrai ir pavienių kompleksų architektūrai? Šių metų leidiniui atrinkti straipsniai atspindi Lietuvos ir užsienio jaunųjų mokslininkų atliekamus tyrimus, kurie apima miestų struktūros ir tapatumo, kraštovaizdžio ir rekreacijos, susisiekimo ir architektūros paveldo sritis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ūkio vystymasis, viešosios paslaugos, architektūros mokslas, tyrimai, miestų plėtra.

The word "public" has two meanings in the Lithuanian language. It means "useful for society" and "overt" ("nonsecret"). Double- edged meaning of the category is not acceptable in the sphere of practical urban development, where decisions mean the distribution of goods among individuals as well as the distribution of goods among individuals and overall. In general it is not clear whether the development of the city should be only overt or whether it has also something to do with the interest of society, with the interest of the entire population of the city. The language peculiarities require a special approach of the legal system to the term. The Lithuanian legal system makes not very much in this direction, may be rather on the contrary it makes the term "public interest" even more misty. The Lithuanian Constitution mentions societal interest (requires to support useful for society economic activity), however, neither the Constitution nor the Law on Territory Planning describe what the category "society use" (societal interest) means. The Law does not see the difference a person and the entirety of city population. It says that the term "public" ("society") means one as well as more natural or legal persons. This situation has many sequences: the main question of the social system of the state is not clear; the basis of the mission of urban planning is not clear too; the principle of distribution of goods in urban development is not declared; the question of a legal goods distribution can hardly even be raised. The idea of a more precise legal definition of the term "public interest" is raised in the paper. The author thinks that the formula "public goods are goods that cannot be produced by an individual" can be a good basis for elaborating a legal definition of the category "public interest". It allows to divide clearly and logically overall and individual goods. It allows to see what concrete development proposals are useful for. It allows to show the logical place of urban planning in general: public interest in urban development should be the production of goods that cannot be produced by separate citizens; this production should also be accepted as the mission of urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the changing character of nation / state power and power relationships between state, regions and cities under the conditions of rapid grobalization and postfordist capitalism. European states, regions and cities sustain not only the pressure of globalizational factors and challenges, but they are the targets of Euro- integrational policy, especcially that of Euro- regionalization and urbanization. A part of state power is transmitted up to a supranational level and some part - down to regional and local levels, thus the authorities of a subnational level are empowered to act on their own account for good competitive positions in domestic and global markets. Some peculiarities of Lithuania' s transition to a capitalist system are highlighted and landmarks of urbanization are concidered. Attention is paid to Vilnius urban development from the point of view of European regional and urban development policy trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prospects of a new century urge us to reconsider the mental legacy of the past century: theories and practices of urban planning that came into existence in a certain intellectual climate and circumstances. The paper is an attempt to reconsider the rhetoric of rationality that manifested in urban design in the second half of the 20th century. Focusing on the legacy of the Greek architect, theorist and urban planner Constantinos A. Doxiadis as well as his relationship with the dominating ideas of his time, the author examines what were the sources of his concepts of entopia and ecumenopolis and in what aspects they are different from cyclical theory of city's growth, articulated by Lewis Mumford. The contexts in which ideology of progress gained strength resulted in the rise of belief of rational and globalising urban planning, introduced by Doxiadis' ekistics. It is shown that despite highly rational rhetoric and the use of scientific data, methods and procedures of research in planning the future global city, the final results were rather modest and limited, despite of the fact that the Greek urban planner succeeded in carrying a vast number of projects in several continents: the belief in the concept of progress faded away and attempts to "export" values of Western liberal democracy with the help of urban planning proved to be far less succesful than was initially intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of former manors in urban structure is discussed in the paper. Factors determining the influence of manors on surrounding areas are described. Types of manor site location in an urban area are defined. The influence of each type on the development and peculiarities of the morphological urban structure is analysed. Typical historic and contemporary examples of manors' integration into urban environment are described. A destructive influence of urbanization on the structures of agricultural environment is pointed out. It is very important that these agricultural structures can enrich urban environment with water bodies, greenery, architectural heritage, etc. The final aim of the work is to establish the importance of manor sites for both a qualitative urban development and the identity of urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most Lithuanian towns developed spontaneously without any special authors' urban projects. Urban solutions in Vilnius were mainly of a practical rather than aesthetical character. After the World War II architects and urbanists whose work substantially changed historically formed towns, became more active. The conception of monument protection (heritage) in Lithuania varied gradually along with lagging behind the tendencies that dominated in Europe; therefore, the results of authors' works are conspicuous in Vilnius city. The most conspicuous realized conception is an idea of "architectural hills". Presently this realized conception is strongly criticized. Alongside new regulations that protect the Old Town are underdevelopment. These regulations often do not correspond to the development of the city which is unavoidable considering the status of Vilnius city (the capital) and the size of administrated territory. Contradictory opinions supporting urban development and heritage as well as ways of solving the problems are presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]