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Mother plays a significant role in a child's life. A mother's behaviour influences the formation of a child's character. In line with this position, the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), through his hadiths, has explained the ways to educate and shape children's morality. However, in applying a hadith, it is necessary to understand its contextual meaning and not just its textual meaning. Therefore, this study aims to explain the contextual meaning of the hadiths on the mother's role in shaping children's morality through selected hadiths from Sahih al-Bukhariy. The objectives of this study are to identify the hadiths regarding the mother's role in shaping children's morality in Sahih al-Bukhariy and to analyze the contextual meaning of these hadiths. This study employs a qualitative research method using document analysis. It applies the Semantic Fields Theory to extract the hadiths about the mother's role in shaping children's morality from Sahih al-Bukhariy. In examining the contextual meaning of the hadiths, the study divides the analysis into two parts: linguistic analysis and istinbat analysis. The results of the study identify 5 hadiths on the mother's role in shaping children's morality and 5 specific roles of the mother based on the contextual meaning of the hadiths. These five roles are preventing children from torturing animals to death, preventing children from going out at dusk, and training children in Islamic etiquette such as giving greetings, table manners, and household-related matters. By identifying the mother's roles based on the contextual meaning, this study reinforces the relevance of applying hadiths in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentation is one of the communication skills activities to train students' personal skills. However, the assessment of this skill is not very systematic based on the rubric of the current presentation. Therefore, an alternative assessment method is proposed through a system of emotional recognition tests through facial expressions. The objective of the study is to measure the level of communication of students based on the emotions displayed. This can help not only lecturers to assess students' ability, but also provide quantitative feedback to students on their communication performance. The results showed that students were able to offer relatively good emotions based on their dominant facial expressions i.e. less comfortable and happy. Through the distribution of circumplex models, the highest emotional element displayed was a feeling of worry (61.63%- 91.45%). The communication ability to be highlighted is good considering, the emotions of fear and sadness when the presentation gives the lowest percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halalan toyyiba is a comprehensive concept brought by Islam. According to this concept, the source of consumption must be clean and pure. Every source point, from the initial production process and methods to the final management, such as waste disposal methods, must be taken into account to meet the requirements of the halalan toyyiba. The present time sees water-based use increasingly widespread in daily life. Strictly speaking, the concept of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba in water use, such as agriculture and farming, still needs to be seriously discussed. Therefore, the issue of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba in water use is significant to study and draw up a sharia-compliant guide for the Malaysian community, especially the Muslims. This concept coincides with the country's national agenda, namely the National Halal Hub Policy. The main objective of this paper is to study the idea of halalan toyyiba in the management of domestic water in Malaysia. This paper is based on qualitative methods. Fatwa-based resources, scholarly publications, journals, and as such, will be analyzed and summarized descriptively to produce a conclusion that answers the paper's objectives. The findings show that the fundamental concept of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba regarding domestic water management in Malaysia has yet to be fully implemented. Therefore, this policy must be executed precisely in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews and identifies the criteria used in the teacher-candidate selection process. The identified main criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized according to their importance by a group of experts. The literature was the source of the criteria and twelve experts who have experience in teacher-selection process were asked to justify the criteria obtained from the secondary source. Furthermore, these experts evaluated the relative importance of the identified criteria in a pair-wise manner. Their judgments were analysed by a multi-criteria method, known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Three main criteria were identified which consisted of ‘content of knowledge’, ‘communication skills’ and ‘personality’, while each of these three main criteria had four, six and eight sub-criteria respectively. The degree of importance which is known as weights of these criteria were also calculated where those criteria which receive higher values are considered to be more important. Generally, the results of the analysis show that ‘communication skills’ and ‘personality’ are the most and second-most important criteria respectively, followed by ‘content of knowledge’ in the third position. The analysis of the importance of the sub-criteria of these three main criteria is also included. These criteria and the weights can be used later in the development of the teacher-selection model. Both secondary data and primary data were used in this research. All the experts or the respondents have experience in the selection process where 40% of them have more than six years’ experience. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), importance, multi-criteria, selection, teacher, weights.

First of all, thanks for giving me the opportunity to share some of my views despite coming back just recently. Before I move ahead, I would like to just quickly give some quick overview of something very relevant with what we are going to discuss today because the 10th Malaysia Plan is unique in a couple of ways. First of all, in terms of the preparations for the plan. This time the 10th Malaysia Plan was prepared ahead of time, earlier than the schedule. It was not as usual because it was tabled last year. Basically, it was for implementation purposes as it was starting in 2011. And there are a couple of other changes in terms of how the government plans, in the 10th Malaysia Plan, to disburse the funds for development.

The aim of this research is to identify Al-Fatihah recitation level and Solat obligation among diploma, degree, and dual-degree students in engineering-based programme in one of technical based public university. Data collection was made by assigning individual task of university compulsory subject called Soft Skills. 712 Muslim students were involved in this research among 1165 registered students using purposive sampling technique. All task and evaluation process via e-learning portal. Qualitative approach namely content analysis followed by quantitative method namely descriptive analysis, oneway ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test were used to answer research question and hypothesis testing. As a result, there are significant different of Al-Fatihah recitation level and solat obligation among group. The correlation test show that there is significant correlation among the variable. The discussion assumes that cognitive and thinking level, personal and family background are the vital factors of analysis output. As a research contribution, the implication and further research was stated at the end of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerability means a sense of insecurity resulting from exposure to the threat of the effects of social and environmental changes. The inability to adapt to such changes puts external environmental pressures and uncertain risks on households and communities. The purpose of this study is to identify the multidimensional vulnerability factors of B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan. The respondents consist of 385 heads of B40 households. Data collection was conducted face-to-face through questionnaires. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis. The results of the study found that B40 households face multidimensional vulnerability in terms of economic, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities. The three components of economic vulnerability factors are (1) job and source of income loss, (2) rising prices and production costs, and (3) lack of capital and marketing. Meanwhile, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities are explained by one component factor only. In conclusion, B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan need to diversify their income portfolio and not rely on one source of income only. They also need to take precautions against seasonal and environmental changes that will threaten and affect their daily activities. This study can be expanded by using other multidimensional aspects of vulnerability, such as health, market, politics, demographics and agricultural vulnerabilities. The study may also involve M40 and T20 households as respondents for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of a physically and spiritually healthy society starts from the place of residence. Due to that, an inclusive and safe housing environment is an important aspect that needs to be given attention by every country to ensure the well-being of the community. An indicator that covers all aspects of inclusive housing development and is very necessary to be designed and developed to be used as a measurement tool to ensure the level of well-being of the population is improving in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to develop housing indicators for measuring the well-being of people living in the peri-urban of the Klang-Langat Valley. A total of 1000 heads of households from 15 areas at the peri-urban Klang-Langat Valley were selected as respondents. Data were analyzed using factor analysis methods that included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that only three sub-indicators were (i) facilities, (ii) settlement selection and (iii) safety with nine items with a high validity value of CR greater than 0.7. This finding indicates that the indicator meets the criteria for measuring the well-being of the population for the peri-urban area. Therefore, these verified indicators can be applied to improve the well-being of the population in the context of housing in other metropolitan suburbs in Malaysia. Apart from providing implications for the housing environment in Malaysia, the findings in this study can also be used by regional countries that have the same community lifestyle and geographical environment as Malaysia because the yardstick builds a prosperous environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify trends and gaps in the study of sustainable heritage urban development by using SLR method. Data obtained through various search methods such as (1) regerous search from leading major journal databases Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Science Direct and side journal databases Google Scholar and My Cite, (2) handpicking or manually. Once the data is obtained, it is analyzed through the process of Systematic Searching Strategies (SSS) used to obtain accurate and precise material with the field studied. The obtained material was screened with three (3) SSS steps namely (1) identification, (2) screening and (3) qualification verification. As a result, a total of 42 materials or documents were successfully found and summarized for the purpose of highlighting. The analysis was conducted by focusing on (1) publication trends, (2) year published, (3) country where the study was conducted and (4) the type of study area used in the last five (5) years. The results of empirical highlights using this method allow researchers to explore the empty spaces left by past researchers related to sustainable heritage urban development in a comprehensive and systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative Lesson Research (CLR) is an improvement to Lesson Study to increase its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the concrete-picture-abstract (KGA) approach developed based on the CLR cycle can have a positive impact on year four pupils' proficiency in area. Counterbalanced design was used with pre- and post-test in every CLR cycle. Participants involved were three groups of students totaling 115 pupils and a group of three teachers. The sampling used was cluster random sampling. A paired-sample t-test was used to test whether there is a significant difference between the pre- and post-test for each CLR cycle, while a one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze if there is an increase in profiency from the first, second and third CLR cycles. The results indicate that there is an increase in the post-test mean scores compared to the pre-test mean scores, and there were significant difference between the first, second and third CLR cycles. In conclusion, the CLR cycle conducted helped teachers in formulating better lesson plans based on the KGA approach, as well as improving student professionalism and teacher skills in the topic of Area. This study implicates that the exposure of CLR practices in this study could enhance teachers' professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, related party transactions (RPTs) can enhance the efficiency of firm's business operations. However, the increase in financial scandals involving RPTs proves that these transactions could potentially be used as a tool by stakeholders to extract firm's wealth. Due to the potential abuse, RPTs are a challenge to the audit work. Therefore, auditors are exposed to audit risk and need to devote time and effort to performing audit work. The risks and difficulties in audit works are often associated with increased audit fees. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between RPTs and audit fees in Malaysia. Specifically, this study classifies RPTs based on their complexity and type of related parties which includes complex RPTs or simple RPTs and effective RPTs or conflict RPTs. This study employs a total of 583 firms listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. The findings suggest that complex RPT, simple RPT and effective RPT have positive and significant relationships with audit fees. These findings support agency theory that RPTs increase audit risks and audit efforts. This study provides insights for financial statement preparers to the potential risks of financial misstatement arising from RPTs. Auditors need to understand the importance for each type of RPTs in order to make an appropriate audit judgement and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language shift is a situation in which society use foreign languages more frequently and consistently, thus affecting their mother tongue. The issue of language shift often occurs among minorities, especially those who migrate into multilingual communities. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the language shift in the family domain within the Cham community, who had migrated to Malaysia, based on the analysis of language use domain and social mobility theory. The study was conducted in two Cham settlements located in Ulu Tiram, Johor. A total of sixteen informants, aged between 12-64 years, consisting of eight first-generation and eight second-generation people, participated in this study. The data were obtained through fieldwork using face to face semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded with the participants' permission. The results showed that the family domain was not able to maintain the Cham language as most of the participants used the Malay language as the dominant language among their family members. Four second-generation participants had completely shifted from the Cham language to the Malay language. The social mobility factors of ethnicity, ethnic movement and geographical nationalism have contributed to the shift of the Cham language. This study concludes that the shift in the Cham language occurs as early as the second-generation but has not reached a whole scale yet. Therefore, efforts to revitalize the Cham language should be done to maintain the language in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the principle of justice displayed by the character of Saidina Umar in the world of traditional Malay literature. It is common to know that Saidina Umar is an important figure in the history of Islamic civilization, which is well-known for its firm and fair nature in dropping a law. Justice is one of the main pillars in shaping harmony in a society. Through comprehensive enforcement of justice, every individual will have the assurance of safety and the right to present a complaint, thereby avoiding tyranny. By focusing on the text of Hikayat Abu Syahmah, the objective of this study is to discern the concept of justice displayed on the character of Saidina Umar, in executing punishment according to Islamic law. The methodology of this study is to use the library method as well as content analysis of the hikayat. The findings show that Islamic justice radiated through the character of Saidina Umar in Hikayat Abu Syahmah has gone through three major principles in Islam namely hearing a complaint, tabayyun (investigation) and sentencing. The exposure to the concept of a comprehensive Islamic justice through the hikayat, has proved that Saidina Umar's character was a fair caliph in implementing his rule over Muslims. Hence, the character is able to be an example for current readers, in an effort to improve their character and personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tahfiz school is an institution that specialises in educating students to memorize and recite the whole al-Quran. Memorizing the al-Quran by rote learning will activate the brain to improve the brain ability to process, store information and build memory. The presence of heavy metals affects the nervous system and interferes with the function of the central and peripheral nervous system which will then cause the impairment of mental and cognitive function. The ability to learn, remember or memorize, use of language and to understand something may be disrupted and cause small decrease in IQ and attention. A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure and to determine the correlation between the levels of heavy metals, al-Quran memorization and intelligence (IQ) among students in selected tahfiz schools compared to nontahfiz schools in Selangor. Levels of heavy metals in nail and hair samples were analyzed by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale Revised (WASI-II) test for intelligence was used to measure the student's IQ. Questionnaires were used used to obtain demographic data and was analyzed by using the SPSS version 23.0. Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was a very weak negative correlation and significant relationship between manganese in the hair samples with the level of al-Quran memorization (r = -0.178, p = 0.017). In addition, there was a weak positive correlation but significant relationship between the level of intelligence (IQ) with the level of al-Quran memorization (r = 0.375, p = < 0.001). As a conclusion, the higher the concentration of manganese is associated with a decline in the level of al-Quran memorization and the higher the level of al-Quran memorization is related with increase in the level of intelligence (IQ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language shift is a situation when society turns to the use of more dominant language until the common language of the mother tongue cannot be maintained. Language shift issues often occur among minorities. This issue is highlighted because the findings of previous studies indicate that there is a clear change in the language use when the Cham people emigrate thus leading to language transitions. This study aims to investigate the use of Cham language based on domain analysis and social mobility theory. The use of Cham language is studied in family domains, neighbourhoods and occupations. The study was conducted in the area of Perak-Pulau Pinang-Kedah boundary which is a northern socio-economic growth area. 135 respondents were involved, with the age of between 12 and 69 years old. The data were obtained through field work using questionnaire and indirect interview and analysed by using percentage and independent sample t-test. The findings showed that the difference in the score of language use between generations in the three domains is statistically significant. This study concludes that the use of Cham language is decreasing mainly by the second generation and leads to the language shift into Malay. Social mobility factors play a role in this language shift. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the study of language shift and maintenance of minority language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides and chemical fertilizers are widely used in agriculture to increase crop productivity among farmers. However, exposure to pesticides will give potential risk to human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and binucleus (BNu) formation in buccal cells from farmers who were exposed to pesticides using the MN assay. Buccal swabs were collected from the farmers in Tanjung Karang (n = 32) and Kelantan (n = 43) using wooden tongue depressor. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data of the farmers. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out by Acridin Orange (AO) staining 0.0025% (w/v). The frequency of MN and BNu as the biomarkers for cytogenetic damage was observed by using a fluorescence microscope. Comparison of frequency of MN and BNu is conducted in two areas namely Tanjung Karang, Selangor and Kelantan because of the agricultural activity and the type of pesticides used are different. Results showed that the frequencies of both MN and BNu among farmers in Tanjung Karang were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to farmers in Kelantan. Meanwhile, for the socio-demographic factors (age, smoking status, working period), MN and BNu frequencies among farmers in Tanjung Karang were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to farmers in Kelantan. While in the aspect of pesticide exposure, the frequencies of MN and BNu showed no significant difference between the frequency of pesticide spraying (p > 0.05) and the practices of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) (p > 0.05). This may suggests that cytogenetic changes were not influenced by these factors. In addition, correlation study shows positive correlation between the frequency of MN with the pesticide exposure of farmers in Tanjung Karang (p > 0.05, r = 0.015) and Kelantan (p > 0.05, r = 0.0158). Besides, the frequency of BNu also has a positive correlation with the pesticide exposure among farmers in Tanjung Karang (p > 0.05, r = 0.036) and farmers in Kelantan (p > 0.05, r = 0.013). Hence, this present study demonstrated that exposure to pesticides increased the formation of MN and BNu among farmers and the prolonged use of pesticides may induce genotoxicity and DNA damage to human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quran is a scripture that was revealed in the last 15 centuries. Each letter, word, verse and sura contains a perfect and beautiful pattern. Each pattern in the Quran has significant meaning to be studied. Generally, the study of the Quranic pattern has been carried out. However, there is no specific study of the word-based pattern in the Quran especially the word basar. Furthermore, existing Quranic translations have not taken into account the contextual meaning of a word in their translation. Hence, this study aims to examine the basar word pattern in surah al-Isra', analyze the meaning of the word basar and classify it based on the thematic approach. This paper is a conceptual work paper using qualitative methods and content analysis methods based on the thematic approach. The findings of the study show that there are 8 repetitions of the word basar in surah al-Isra'. The finding of this study also found that each word basar has different meanings based on the derivation and the contextual meaning of each verse. Such special understanding should be examined more broadly on the words contained in the Quran, especially the existing Quranic translations do not take this approach in their translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muhammad 'Uthman El-Muhmmady was one of the famous Islamic thinkers in Malaysia and archipelago. He had a great influence on the intellectual development and spread of da'wah. His significance can be felt in all aspects of his life in the Muslim communities in the archipelago. Hence, the contribution of his thinking and struggle has become the main focus of this study. This study uses a qualitative method which is based on historical and descriptive analysis of his works. The findings show that Muhammad 'Uthman El-Muhammady was known as a diehard member of Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. In fact, the concept of his thinking from the perspective of spreading Islamic da'wah was more focused on the teachings of the Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. His concern for the fate of ummah in the problems of religious issues especially from practice and the attacks of western thought and this made him to find and solve in a wise way based on the teachings in the Quran, al-Sunnah, al-Ijma' and al-Qiyas. Indeed, he was also a fighter in opposing the elements of modern thought and ideology brought from western movements such as Liberalism, Secularism and Religious Pluralism. The findings show that Muhammad 'Uthman El-Muhammady's intellectual work and thoughts can be used as a lesson and reference to Muslims in facing and dealing with asaults on thinking that are against the teachings of Islam in the best possible way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Young mothers are sub-populations that are at high risk for HIV through sexual activity. In addition, information on the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among young mothers in Malaysia regarding HIV/AIDS prevention is still limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS among young mothers and the factors that influence them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in a city center among 147 young mothers aged 18-30 years old at the Post Natal and Obstetrics and Gynecology Ward (O & G). Data collection was conducted in April-November 2014 and the respondents' selection was based on simple random sampling. A questionnaire containing validated instruments was used in this study. Approval for conducting research has been obtained from the UKM Research Ethics Committee before the data collection procedure is implemented. Results Majority of the young mothers have good knowledge (78.8%) and practice (71.2%) towards HIV/AIDS prevention. While more than half of them (56.7%) have positive attitude towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Living in the urban area and being married are significantly associated with having good knowledge and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention. While, mothers who are 5 years older compared to the younger ones and being married are significantly associated with having good practice towards HIV/AIDS prevention. Conclusions The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices as well as the associated factors could be the baseline to formulate health intervention to prevent HIV/AIDS among this vulnerable group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber threats are not a new issue in Malaysia however this needs to be taken seriously from all parties as it can bring a huge loss to individuals. The lack of understanding of cyber security among Internet users has caused many people in the country to become victims of cyber crime syndicates. Furthermore, many Internet users have ignored the principles of internet safety and consider it as a fiddling matter. Individual cyber securities practices are based on their social environment factors. Thus, this study analyses the social environment factors for cyber security of Internet users, of which five factors has been taken into consideration, namely, parental guidance, peer-to-peer influences, workplace roles, mass media roles and government policies. Using focus group technique consisting of 35 informants with experience in using the Internet, qualitative research has been choosing for this study. Among findings from this study is that on average the informant's parents are playing good role and monitor their children online activities such as creating a special Facebook for monitoring purpose. Besides that, the study's informants are agreed with the government policies to require all online sellers to register their business activities at Companies Commission of Malaysia and also setting-up the cyber court in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case study that examines the Japanese lexical acquisition process through Digital Storytelling. Digital Storytelling is a method of creating and telling a story using technology. The aims of this study are to identify lexical acquisition strategies and to analyze the lexical acquisition process during the production of a Digital Story. A total of nine students from a local university in Malaysia who learned the Japanese language as an elective subject were chosen as samples. This study was based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) and 'Social Constructivist' approach while taking into account the process of Digital Storytelling production by Teehan (2006). Qualitative data were collected through observations and recordings during the production of Digital Storytelling. The findings showed that subjects most frequently chose the strategy of asking friends, followed by the use of internet and asking teachers in order to acquire Japanese language lexical during the process of Digital Storytelling. In addition, new findings in the learning and teaching system through Digital Storytelling enabled the TPCK approach to be carried out to overcome the Japanese language proficiency problems especially with regards to lexical acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the perception towards the need of spiritual counselling among the society in Alor Gajah District, Melaka. The spiritual is one of the aspects in counselling that needs to be looked at, since a lot of life problems are due to people’s negligence in managing their spiritual aspect. However, most counselling services in Malaysia were founded under the western approach and this approach rarely used spiritual aspect in its approach. Therefore, there is a need for this study to be conducted in order to analyse the society's perception towards the need of spiritual counselling among society. This quantitative study is both descriptive and inference were used Client Attitudes Towards Spirituality in Therapy (CAST) questionnaires and answered by 100 respondents. The reliability of the test was tested using the Alpha Cronbach test where the result for Religious Discussion is 0.79 as the score for spiritual discussion was tested at 0.83. This showed that both measurements are consistent. The data was further analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software and t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to measure the difference between the variables. Post hoc test was conducted to analyze the significant difference based on race variable. The result from the study shows that there is high need of spiritual counseling among respondents. The study also indicates that there is no significant difference between the society's perception towards the need of spiritual counseling based on gender, level of education and age. However, there is a significant difference between the needs with the race of the respondents. Overall, this study provides an exposure to the society towards the need of including the spiritual and religious aspect in counseling service. By having this aspect in service, it is hopefully able to fulfill human's need and help them to solve their problems, eventually helping them to achieve prosperity in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food is a basic human need, which is very important for physical growth and mental development. Therefore, this study aimed to discusses the factors that contribute to food security threatened Lanoh community in terms of food availability, food accessibility, food utilization and food system stability. The study was conducted using surveys and interviews. 47 of respondents involved in the questionnaires and 10 respondents involved in in-depth interviews. The analysis showed that in reality Lanoh community is faced with the threat of food security that can affect their health. Logging activities resulted in a reduction in the availability of food. Besides that, factors such as limited accessibility of food to low income, lack of ownership of the vehicle, there is no public transport available and poor road conditions have restricted their ability to get food. From nutritional aspects shows that this community practice an unhealthy eating and unbalanced diet that is low in protein and dairy products oriented for the growth and health. Finally, logging resulted in the destruction of the forest resources and pose a threat to the stability of food supply of population in the future. Therefore, the lack of availability and accessibility to healthy and sufficient food, practice unhealthy diet and instability of food supply is a factor in the occurrence of food security threat to the community Lanoh that can affect their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a causal factor that commonly caused physical impairments and activity limitations among patients to perform daily activities until at certain level stroke patients will experience disability. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of each demographic and clinical factors that is believed to associate with physical functioning of patients those who experienced stroke. This present study also try to compare physical functioning of patients with associated factors and then examine the correlation between those factors with physical functioning. A total of 147 respondents that pass for cognitive screening test involved in this study. Barthel Index ( ADL ) was administered to the respondents after 6 weeks of stroke attack in order to measure their physical functioning status. Results found that there was a significant difference [F(3, 143) = 4.06; p < 0.01] between level of educations with physical functioning of patients. With respect to clinical factors also showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) was higher in physical functioning when stroke attack occurred at right hemisphere of brain. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in physical functioning with respect to belief of recovery. Furthermore, number of stroke attack also showed a significant difference [F(1, 145) = 11.19; [p < 0.01] in physical functioning of patients. Correlation test that was carried out found a positive significant correlation (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) between physical functioning with respect to the affected lesion side. In conclusion, demographic and clinical factors also played the roles to determine level of physical functioning among stroke patients and thus these factors should be considered in any studies that intended to enhance physical functioning of patients in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpinia conchigera (small ginger) is a herbaceous plant that is usually used as an alternative treatment in the fi eld of traditional medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mode of cell death of hexane extract of A. conchigera towards Chang liver cells. The 24 hours MTT assay as carried out to determine the viability percentage of Chang liver cells after being treated with hexane extract of A. conchigera. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05) and IC50 value of hexane extract of A. conchigera was 8.6 μg/ml compared to negative control. Based on this IC50 value, AO/PI staining was done to determine the mode of cell death in liver Chang cells by means of apoptosis or necrosis. The results showed that there was a significant change (p < 0.05) for mode of Chang liver cells death through apoptosis compared to negative control. In this study, the evaluation of DNA damage was also done using alkaline comet assay. The IC10 and IC25 values of 4 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml respectively that were obtained in MTT assay were used. Chang liver cells were treated with A. conchigera hexane extract for 2 hours. There was a significant change (p < 0.05) for percentage of DNA damage in treated group compared to negative control. As a conclusion, hexane extract of A. conchigera gave cytotoxic and genotoxic effect towards Chang liver cells as well as to induce cell death through apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of the impoliteness as emotional persuasion strategies in printed advertisements. A total of 20 printed adverts in Spanish were taken from magazines, newspapers and the internet. They were analyzed according to the Model of Impoliteness (Culpeper, 1996). The findings revealed that in the world of modern advertising, advertisers, are no longer relying merely on politeness strategy to persuade potential consumers. Instead, the impoliteness strategy that explicitly threatens the face is also used extensively in advertising. The use of impoliteness strategies in the analysed advertisements , however, do not cause rejection of the products advertised, but the strategies act as the impetus that can trigger the interest of consumers to buy the advertised items. Briefly, the impoliteness strategies that can be identified in the current corpus of the study are threatening strategies (to scare consumers), elements of direct or indirect extortion, irony and sarcasm, as well as assertive message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide exposure can lead to low trace elements levels in human body. Trace element plays important role in body metabolism. The aim of this study was to study the levels of selenium, zinc and chromium among paddy farmers who expose to pesticide in Wilayah I, MADA, Perlis. This cross sectional study involved 70 males paddy farmers and 57subjects living in fisherman village as control group who were aged between 21 to 80 years old. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on their demographic data by using validated questionnaire. Subjects also were examined for their blood pressure and glucose level. Selenium, zinc and chromium levels were analyzed by using acid digestion method and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that selenium levels in hairs (5.11 ± 17.05 µg/L) and nails (4.92 ± 2.17 µg/L) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to selenium levels in hairs (15.67 ± 10.59 µg/L) and nails (6.67 ± 2.81 µg/L) in control group. Chromium levels in hairs (31.83 ± 15.17 µg/L) and nails (87.64 ± 23.30 µg/L) were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to chromium levels in hairs (85.19 ± 56.90 µg/L) and nails (99.36 ± 56.89 µg/L) of control group. However there were no significant different (p>0.05) between all trace element levels and duration of pesticide exposures. In conclusion, levels of trace elements were lower in nails and hairs of paddy farmers than fisherman community group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is an elective offered to first degree students. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the level of oral Arabic practice among UiTM students, (2) the correlation between oral Arabic practice and resource management strategies which consist of four sub components, namely, time and environment strategy, effort regulation strategy, help seeking strategy and peer learning strategy, and (3) the differences in the use of resource management strategies among students with different level of oral Arabic practice. This is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using an adapted questionnaire of selfregulated learning strategies and interviews with students. The quantitative data were collected from 455 samples using the stratified random sampling technique. The study found that (1) students used moderately oral Arabic, and their practice outside the classroom was lower than inside the classroom, (2) there were significant correlations between oral Arabic practice and the use of peer learning strategy as well as time and study management strategy, and (3) there were significant differences in the use of peer learning strategy among students with different level of oral Arabic practice. This study suggests that the use of peer learning strategy as well as time and study management strategy have to be increased in order to increase the oral Arabic practice among students, such implementing collaborative grouping activities and using peer assistants which are officially selected among students themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate the language attitudes of the Chinese online community in Kuching, Sarawak. The varieties studied were Standard Mandarin, colloquial Mandarin, Hokkien and Cantonese. The instruments used for data collection consisted of matched-guise test (indirect method) and questionnaire (direct method). A total of 403 respondents took part in this survey. Results yielded from the matched-guise tests with supporting evidence from feedback through questionnaires suggest that social factors, namely age group and socioeconomic status do influence evaluations towards the varieties. Generally, Standard Mandarin and Cantonese were rated 'high' and 'positive' consistently for both the dimensions of status and solidarity, while the ratings for Hokkien and colloquial Mandarin were more prominent in the solidarity dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is an elective course offered to first degree students. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of learning materials in the context of learning oral Arabic at UiTM. It is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using questionnaires, interviews and classroom observations. For quantitative data, stratified random sampling technique was used involving 455 students and 48 course lecturers while for qualitative data, 13 interviews with students, 8 interviews with subject lecturers and 12 classroom observations were engaged. The study found that the textbooks were the only learning material that had been highly used compared to other materials, showing that learning was primarily based on the textbooks. This study suggests some improvements in the use of learning materials such as to use authentic materials through computer and Internet. The textbooks have to be used as a guide and not as a final objective of learning. The use of learning materials has to support students' interest, their needs and motivation. They also have to be given freedom to select materials according to their needs and interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is an elective offered to first degree students. This study is aimed to investigate the use of peer learning strategy among students in learning oral Arabic at UiTM. It is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using a questionnaire adapted from The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and interviews. The quantitative data were collected from 445 samples using the stratified random sampling technique. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were collected by conducting 13 interview sessions with students. Overall, the study found that the use of this strategy among students was high. Further investigations on subcomponents of this strategy found that it was highly used in grouping activities. However, the level of students' readiness to provide explanations and to spend their time to discuss the course subjects during group discussions was moderate. This study suggested some improvements in learning oral Arabic in UiTM such as using peer assistants which could be officially selected among students themselves in learning oral Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the control of learning beliefs among students of Arabic as a Third Language Course in learning oral Arabic at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. This is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using a questionnaire adapted from The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and interviews. Quantitatively, a number of 297 samples is selected using the stratified random sampling technique and quantitatively, 21 interviews with students and subject lecturers are engaged. It was found that students' control of learning beliefs was high. Therefore, this study recommends that in learning oral Arabic, activities and learning practices which can stimulate students' autonomy need to be carried out intensively in order to build students' control of learning beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Arabic alphabetical order […… … … …] does not comply with the 'easy to difficult concept' for the Malay students as suggested in the education theory. For instance, alphabet 'tha' […] is considered difficult to the Malay students because the alphabet does not exist in the Malay alphabet consonant, whereas this alphabet is in the early part of the Arabic alphabetical order. Therefore, the aim of this study is to rearrange the Arabic consonants according to the Malay accent for learning purposes. The objectives of this study are to: (a) identify the fluency level of Arabic language consonants; and (b) rearrange the Arabic consonants according to the fluency of Malay accent. This study was carried out at the preschool centers deploying six-year-old children who have just started learning Arabic language. The instrument in this study was a set of pronunciation test based on al-Khalil Method. The pronunciation test was evaluated by two experts in 'tajwid' and 'tarannum' disciplines. The findings showed 12 consonants were found to be at the moderate level of fluency, and one at the weak level, and the rest at the high level. The findings also showed that the highest mean score is the alphabet [ …], and the lowest score is alphabet [ …]. Therefore, this study suggests the identified Arabic alphabetical order to be used in teaching of the pronunciation of Arabic language in Malaysian schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' attitude towards language learning has been identified to influence the learning process. This study investigated students' attitude towards the learning of oral Arabic in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) which includes two aspects, attitude towards the teaching of the language and attitude towards the language itself. The objective of the study is to explore students' attitude from the cognitive, affective and conative perspectives. This is a qualitative study engaging 21 series of interviews, comprising 13 series of interviews with students and 8 with subject lecturers. The selection of students took into consideration their prior experience in learning Arabic and the faculty clusters they belonged to. The acquired interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVIVO7 software in order to establish the relevant themes. The study found that cognitively, all students affirmed to the importance of the oral Arabic even though they prioritized other subjects. Students' perception towards the difficulty of learning oral Arabic depends on their prior knowledge and experience. Affectively, all students expressed their positive attitude towards learning oral Arabic, except for some who had no foundation of the language expressed their uneasiness, learning in classess where students are of mixed abilities. Conatively, the students had shown their resilience to the learning and would like to continue doing so in the future. This study recommends that the teaching approach used should be appropriate to the students' prior knowledge and experience. Appropriate approach is therefore vital in moulding students' behaviour which consequently effects their performance in learning oral Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehending text would be the major aim in a reading process. For students at tertiary levels, the ability to comprehend is normally associated with their field of study. By applying critical and analytical thinking, students would normally have various perspectives about the application of meta-cognition in reading. Some students face difficulty in developing comprehension while reading text and they also find it difficult to apply specific reading strategy. This study is conducted to examine the perspective of university students about text comprehension using a qualitative research approach. Eight students enrolled in the bachelor in education programme participate in this study. Data was obtained through interviews, document analysis, and classroom observation. The findings indicate that students have various meta-cognition perspectives in interpreting comprehension ability of a text. The difference in perspective is also influenced by the reading strategies used, the level of text difficulty, type of text and students' perception of the text read. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are increasing trend in using information and communication technology to enhance the deliverance of reminiscence work for people with dementia. Thus this study aimed to explore the feasibility of Digital Memory Album (DMA) to support reminiscence work and subsequently evaluate the psychosocial benefits of the DMA system for older adults with dementia living in community. Method: This was an exploratory case study involved five participants with mild to moderate dementia and their primary caregivers. Each participant had an opportunity to review their own life history using Life Review Experience Form (LREF) with the researcher for 8 consecutive weeks in which subsequently facilitated in development of a personalised digital life story. Caregivers provided additional information to support the development of DMA. The whole process was audio recorded. The digital life story was presented in multimedia format and displayed using the DMA. The DMA was given to the participants for review. Qualitative data was collected using semi structure questions with the participants and caregivers immediately after the completion of DMA and 6 weeks after having the DMA as a gift. Results: Analysis of the audio-records and interview data indicated that DMA promoted psychosocial wellbeing which included enjoyment, comfort, stimulate long term memory and enhanced communication and social interactions with family members and friends. Caregivers expressed the DMA helped them in recollecting the past and better understanding of their loved ones. It also reoriented their focus on their loved ones from their disability to the remaining strength. Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using DMA in improving the psychosocial wellbeing for people with dementia in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The e-Mathscore innovation addresses the challenge of efficiently managing and monitoring Summative Assessment Test (UPS) and Continuous Assessment (PB) scores in mathematics education through data analysis technology. By leveraging the capabilities of Google Data Studio and Google Spreedsheet, e-Mathscore provides a systematic platform for lecturers, students, and parents to access and review assessment scores. Originating from the online Matriculation Program Semester Examination (PSPM) results checking system, e-Mathscore offers an intuitive solution for enhancing student self-awareness and improving teaching and learning (PdP) productivity for lecturers. With its user-friendly interface, e-Mathscore facilitates easy access for students and parents, thereby reducing paper usage and streamlining the assessment process. The innovation demonstrates significant potential for commercialization, as it addresses a critical need in the education sector and offers scalability for implementation across various subjects and matriculation colleges in Malaysia. Moreover, the system's ability to provide comprehensive insights into student performance, along with features like the PSPM target meter, further underscores its impact on educational outcomes. Overall, e-Mathscore represents a transformative solution poised to revolutionize mathematics education and improve learning experiences for students and educators alike.

Waqf is a state matter subject to state laws, given the position of the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) as the ‘sole trustee’ of waqf properties in their respective states. In legal terms, any party that intends to apply waqf and any waqf activities established in Private Tahfiz Schools (PTS) requires the permission of the SIRC. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the legal procedures for developing PTS on waqf land in Perlis, Malaysia, including the advantages of acquiring the permission of Perlis Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIPs). The qualitative research methodology was applied in this research, which featured the doctrinal approach in examining state enactments, past studies, and semi-structured interviews involving several respondents who had extensive experiences with the subject under study. Subsequently, analysis was conducted on the collected data through the content analysis technique. The implications from this research offer numerous advantages for PTS in Perlis to ensure its sustainability. This study offers a clear understanding to individuals who intend to implement waqf in their PTS in Perlis, Malaysia.

The spread of English as the world language has resulted in the need for people in many countries to be well-versed in that language and this includes Malaysia. While there have been many efforts to enhance English oral communication skills among Malaysian learners at all educational levels, their English performance in recent years remains unsatisfactory. Thus, inspired by Dwight Atkinson’s sociocognitive theory which views human mind, body, and socially mediated world as integrally intertwined in a rich and complex system of L2 learning, this study suggests that the social media TikTok can become an effective tool to mediate learners’ cognitive activities while learning to speak in English. The capacity of TikTok to provide a wide range of resources can become great scaffolding to accommodate the different needs of the learners. This can provide alternative pedagogical practices to improve oral communication skills among Malaysian learners.

Information processing in learning theory involves students' ability to receive and understand the information obtained. Students' ability to identify learning methods that are appropriate to the learning style plays an important role in continuously improving the quality of teaching and learning. The need to diversify learning methods today is seen as a step to refine the learning approach in line with the latest technology development. Different student learning styles affect the quality of learning and motivation for a course, especially hospitality and tourism courses. This course is given less emphasis on the theoretical aspect and only focuses on practical needs. Thus, this study examines the adaptation of student learning style based on the Felder-Silverman learning style model. Student learning styles identified through a survey study of 80 students of Hospitality and Tourism courses were used as the basis for developing the e-Hospitality and Tourism model. The resulting e-Hospitality and Tourism model can be used as a guide in technical and vocational e-Learning.