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Pawning practices are widely practiced in Banjar society. So far, pawning in Banjar society has been considered a form of social solidarity to help those facing financial difficulties. However, in reality, pawning is also closely related to economic and religious issues. This practice carries various meanings within Banjar society. Therefore, this study is crucial to explore the meaning of pawning in the context of Banjar society. Through in-depth interviews with local communities, it was found that pawning has multidimensional aspects. In addition to being regarded as a form of mutual assistance and social solidarity to help communities meet emergency financial needs, pawning also has economic motivations, where the recipient of the pawn aims to gain profit. Interestingly, both the pawner and the pawn recipient adhere to principles to ensure that their transactions do not violate Islamic law. Consequently, they modify the pawn into a sale-and-buy-back transaction known as jual beli hidup (living sale). The findings of this study demonstrate that pawning practices in Banjar society are a complex blend of social, economic, and religious aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, various Islamic financial products, including takaful, are subject to zakat obligations. Takaful products, particularly Family Takaful, are among the Islamic financial offerings in Malaysia that contain elements of wealth liable for zakat based on their savings and investment components. This study aims to analyze the zakat rulings on family takaful contributions by considering the views of Islamic scholars, current practices, and contemporary fatwas. The study employs a qualitative approach using library-based data to obtain accurate information on the research questions. The methodology of content analysis is a qualitative approach employed in this study, involving the examination of texts, documents, and descriptive data. This methodology is applied to assess the necessity of zakat obligations for takaful contributors. The analysis adopts a systematic process to comprehend the concepts, principles, and implementation of zakat for takaful contributors. The findings indicate that takaful funds, whether in the form of investments, savings, or compensation, are categorized as either savings or income. When the pillars and conditions of zakat, particularly nisab and haul, are fulfilled, zakat becomes obligatory on the participants or their beneficiaries. Considering that the purpose of takaful is protection and risk management, this article seeks to re-evaluate the obligation of zakat on takaful based on the eligibility criteria, particularly conditions such as exceeding basic needs, being free from debt, and full ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency and effectiveness are parts of key features in good governance. Public procurement as part of public administration is a tool to achieve development goals and is managed using large amounts of public funds. This makes public procurement vulnerable to elements of malpractice. Therefore, it needs to be managed efficiently and effectively to achieve optimal results through the judicious use of public resources. This study aims to analyze issues related to efficiency and effectiveness in public procurement management and mechanisms to overcome them. This research leverages on a qualitative approach via document review of the Auditor General's Report for the period of 8 years from 2011 to 2018 with a focus on audit remarks related to management efficiency. In-depth interviews were also carried out with procurement officers in federal agencies, states, local authorities and statutory bodies as well as officers from monitoring and enforcement agencies. This study found that there are issues regarding efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement management involving the pre-procurement phase; assessment phase; and the post-decision phase. In order to deal with this issue, the study emphasized four main characteristics to be possessed by the management which are thorough; wise; firm; and open. The findings of this study add to the corpus of knowledge on important aspects of good governance and provide input to stakeholders to formulate more comprehensive policies to preserve the public interest through more efficient and effective government procurement management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pak Kaduk (PK) is a prominent character in folk literature, particularly humorous stories, characterized by their comedic elements. These narratives frequently possess a profound impact on audiences, as they draw upon the experiences of traditional Malay communities. The primary intent behind crafting such humorous tales lies in providing entertainment, critiquing societal norms, and imparting moral lessons to readers. Thus, this study endeavours to dissect Pak Kaduk's narrative style, focusing specifically on his use of colour and emotion. This qualitative investigation employs document analysis as its primary methodology, based on the reputable framework of Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1986; 1995). The research data was obtained from two significant works, namely 'Lukisan Zaman' by Shari (1991) and 'Collection of 336 Malaysian Folktales' by Puteh and Said (2008). The findings reveal that the author uses cape flowers and colours as symbols of diversity, which encapsulates Pak Kaduks myriad emotions. The plethora of colours available in cape flowers serves to emphasize the notion of diversity, with each hue representing distinct emotional states. Notably, white, and yellow signify positivity, while red and black connote negativity. This study not only sheds light on Pak Kaduks storytelling techniques, but also provides insights into the societal critiques embedded within these narratives. It also shows how important it is to acknowledge and interpret the nuanced relationship between colour and emotion in folk literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an analysis of the evolution and changes that occurred in public procurement in Malaysia from two eras, namely the era of British colonialism and the era of the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The targeted objective is to examine the changes that occurred in public procurement during the period, analyze the reasons and factors why those changes occurred and then the impact that was left behind. This is important because the public procurement policy in those two periods has become the basis of the government procurement system in Malaysia today. Political and the direction of the government were found to play a role in shaping the form of public procurement in both eras and it was systematically legitimized. The British have made public spending run according to their mold and direction even though the sultan is still the supreme ruler of a state. Through the term “advising” versus “directing” in managing the administration, the British established the Federal Assembly as a legitimate control tool to govern and dominate the financial administration in their colonial states. Crown agents played an important role in public procurement representing the supreme British government in London and this continued until after independence. NEP which was launched in 1971 witnessed an important transition where there was a clear role for the government by being more actively involved in the national development agenda through public procurement. This happens through affirmative policies in the form of legislation, bureaucratic frameworks and quota systems. This has had an impact on the country’s public procurement policy until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the core banking system has become an enabler for the business that provides an agile platform to achieve the corporate objective of Islamic banking. One of the challenges for its development is establishing Shariah parameters for each Islamic banking product due to the complexity of its requirements compared to conventional banking products. Thus, this study aims to provide information on ways to establish Shariah requirements based on the authorized Shariah standards such as policy documents issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia dan AAOIFI aside from evaluating the prospect of establishing it as a predefined Shariah requirement that able be translated as parameters in core banking system. A qualitative approach via textual study, legal doctrine, and interviews was undertaken in this study to analyse data related to Shariah contract requirements. This study established predefined Shariah requirements derived from analysis of Shariah requirements under muḍārabah and mushārakah contracts by focussing on the Shariah requirement part of the policy documents issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia aside from comparison analysis conducted on Shariah standards issued by AAOIFI of the similar contracts. It is found that authorized references are vital to ensure the Shariah contract parameters and processes that are translated into the core banking system are in line with resolutions decreed by authorized bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Questionnaires as a tool to measure sociocultural factors related to COVID-19 infection has not been widely used by researchers. In Malaysia, there is no validated questionnaire for such purpose yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire as a new tool to measure the sociocultural factors related to COVID-19 among the Orang Asli population in Malaysia. Methods A pilot study was conducted among 30 Orang Asli in Kuala Lipis, Pahang. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to test the content validity of the questionnaire, while the construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient respectively. Results A set of questionnaires, which consisted of four constructs was developed into beliefs, traditional medicine, traditional culture, and social support. A total of 16 items were maintained in EFA with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.617, 0.778, 0.773, and 0.779. Conclusions This newly developed questionnaire is successfully validated and can be used to measure sociocultural factors related to COVID-19 among the Orang Asli population. However, improvement will still be necessary from time to time to ensure its relevance especially if it is to be used by different populations or countries, considering different diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Islamic community is presently confronted by several concerns pertaining to matters of faith and beliefs. The Malaysian government is increasingly concerned about various issues, including deviant teachings, apostasy, demands for human rights from specific groups and religious extremism. These can potentially lead towards the disruption of national security and the sanctity of the Islamic religion. As a result, the government is taking measures to curb and contain the development of these issues. This article investigates three distinct categories of behaviours that present substantial risks to the faith of the Muslim community. These include deviations in beliefs and ideas, issues on human rights, and the existence of extremist or radical groups that pose a threat to peace in Malaysia. Data for this study were obtained through library research and the application of content analysis involving thematic examination of issues relevant to subject matter. The study demonstrates that the current development of Islamic legislation in Malaysia is a continuous process of change aimed at upholding national security and unity through the framework of Islamic law. Moreover, there are multiple risks both domestically and internationally, encompassing concerns pertaining to the faith and beliefs of the Muslim community in Malaysia. These factors could potentially to create ambiguity and jeopardise the overall security and stability of society, particularly within the Muslim community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: River pollution in Malaysia is currently at a critical level and is very worrying with various river pollution problems occurring almost every day. The level of knowledge, attitude and practice of individuals has a great impact on the river pollution issue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among the community of Klang River. Methods: A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted to examine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of the Klang River community towards river pollution. The study respondents consisted of residents of squatter areas and residents of legal housing areas who settled near the Klang River. This study used a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The descriptive results found that the squatters' level of knowledge (mean=3.13, s.d.=0.40), attitude (mean=3.28, s.d.=0.65) and practice (mean=2.96, s.d.=0.72) of river pollution was lower than legal housing population. The t-test also showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the level of knowledge, attitude and practice between residents of squatter areas and residents of legal housing areas. Conclusions: In conclusion, the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on river pollution of the Klang River community was at an unsatisfactory level. Therefore, action must be taken by the relevant stakeholders to strengthen the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on river pollution of the population so that the river pollution issue can be overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam promotes the practise of waqf as a platform to help those who are less fortunate and in dire need of assistance. The practise of waqf has been prominent among companions and rulers of the Islamic government throughout history, including the implementation of waqf ahli/waqf zurri, also known as family waqf. Family waqf is a type of endowment made for the benefit of one or more family members by a waqf (waqif) to a beneficiary (mawquf 'alaih). This article examines the development of the family waqf practise from an Islamic historical perspective. It employed the thematic text content analysis where each discussion was structured thematically according to subtopics that correlated to the title. It was found that family waqf is a form of endowment that has been accepted and practised across the Islamic world throughout history. However, the implementation of family waqf in a number of countries, including Malaysia, has changed significantly in accordance with the environmental circumstances, needs, and laws of the respective coutries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is an important initiative of the country to overcome the problem of unemployment as well as to boost the country's economy. One of the government's efforts in inculcating entrepreneurship among the youth is through the application of entrepreneurial education in Technical and Vocational Training Education (TVET). However, the issue that is often a concern is the elements and how this entrepreneurial education can be implemented effectively. In this regard, this article will discuss the identification of elements of entrepreneurial education in the implementation of entrepreneurship education TVET Skills Training Program through analysis of the challenges and problems of the implementation of entrepreneurial education based on previous studies. A well-organized exploration study involving 780 articles obtained from search engines Scopus and Google Scholar on 9 September 2022. Based on the meta-analysis, four key elements have been identified: curriculum, competency, teaching, learning process, and entrepreneurial career support. Each of those critical elements has its sub-elements, which are intertwined with each other. All these resulting elements are essential in the implementation of effective entrepreneurial education among TVET Skills Training Programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observance of idah by a woman following the death of her husband for a period of four months and ten days encompasses several crucial aspects as the prohibition of remarriage and others obligation to maintain ihdad throughout the designated period. The practice of ihdad, also known as the mourning period in the community represents a specific responsibility that a wife must undertake upon her husband’s demise. While some scholars have allowed for limited flexibility (rukhsah) in the implementation of ihdad, it indirectly led to a lack of understanding and a more lenient interpretation among some women in understanding the requirements of ihdad, which can subsequently lead to deviations from the Shariah's prescribed guidelines. Hence, this study aims to clarify the legal aspects of ihdad and its associated prohibitions that should be adhered to during the prescribed waiting period. To accomplish this, a qualitative methodology is employed, utilizing primary sources like classical Islamic texts and secondary sources, which include previous studies and relevant literature. Content analysis is used as the methodology to gather information and reach conclusions in line with the research objectives. This study evidently demonstrates that compliance with the prohibitions related to ihdad is closely intertwined with meeting the waiting period requirements for women whose husbands have passed away. A comprehensive comprehension and faithful observance of ihdad facilitate the achievement of the objectives outlined by Shariah and promote the authentic application of Islamic law. Fundamentally, this research is anticipated to play a role in enriching the community's comprehension, particularly among women, regarding the practice of ihdad as a religious approach for addressing one of life's trials and safeguarding the well-being of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A COVID-19 epidemic hit the country and saw a drastic shift to new norms, including education. Online teaching was previously only a teaching aid, but online teaching was already counted as the leading learning method during the pandemic. Teaching and learning at home (HTL) is a new norm educator must face. So, it is time for us to strengthen this online HTL to produce quality education. Thus, this study looks at the level of readiness of teachers to implement HTL using the Google Classroom platform efficiently. This study analyzes the level of readiness of teachers in terms of knowledge and skills to use Google Classroom in implementing HTL. In addition, the challenges of PdPR implementation are also studied in this study. A questionnaire survey method was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The study's findings show that teachers' knowledge and skills are still at a moderate level. The lack of student involvement during HTL is a major challenge teachers face. Improvements must be made to ensure that the issues mentioned can be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are various forms of actions and provocations that are against the culture and values of patriotism among the Malaysian community, especially school leaders who are said to be unpatriotic. This paper focuses on the awareness of religious school leaders which consists of Religious Secondary Schools (SMA), Government Religious Aid Schools (SABK) regarding the level of knowledge of religious school leaders regarding the knowledge of patriotism. The problem of lack of awareness of the value of patriotism will certainly challenge and prevent the application, nurturing of values and the spirit of patriotism as an element in the formation of a harmonious and united Malaysian nation. A total of 263 religious school leaders in Malaysia were involved in this study. The results of this study were obtained through a questionnaire that was analyzed descriptively. The overall measurement of the instrument, which is the concept of patriotism and patriotism in the constitution, which is the main construct to assess the level of knowledge of religious school leaders regarding patriotism. The results of this study show that the religious school leadership's awareness of the value of patriotism is high. The level of school leaders' awareness of patriotism in the constitution is also high and shows that religious school leaders who are patriotic are capable of being an intermediary factor or agent of change towards the bond of community unity and students of various ethnicities in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay proverbs which are sourced from chicken, are 90 in total. Various references of chicken have been created by the Malays to mirror the behaviours and actions of human beings implicitly. Each of the references can provide lessons, advices and reprimands in a gentle manner and can still be used up to today. The attributes of "careful", "useless" and "betrayal" are among these references. In order to analyse the data of these proverbs, the research will use the Inquisitive Semantics Approach, besides the application of bridging cross reference (BCR) based on the corpus data obtained from Pangkalan Korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) and Malay Concordance Project (MCP). Therefore, as the objective of this study, the researchers will explore the reasons why the Malay community choose the imagery of chicken. Each of these references will benefit the authentic data which are related to the cognition, culture and intellect of the Malay community in itself. This research employs fully qualitative approaches through documentary analysis that involves the Malay proverb data which have been recorded beforehand. The findings of these proverbs data are collected from Kamus Peribahasa Melayu Edisi Kelima, Kamus Istimewa Peribahasa Melayu Edisi Kedua and Kamus Peribahasa Melayu using the purposive sampling method. In conclusion, this study finds that the inquisitive semantics approach is capable of uncovering the Malay proverbs' meanings which are not confined only to literal and cognitive understandings but reflect also the height of intellect and philosophy of the Malays themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber harassment is a form of psychological violation aiming to humiliate victims through the social media by spreading information to the public. According to the Stressor-Emotional Model, cyber harassment is the cause of stress, that can trigger negative emotions and shaping negative behaviours. The effect of negative emotion at work may interfere life at home and causing work-family conflict. This study seeks to examine the effect of cyber harassment at the workplace on negative emotion and work-family conflict. Other than that, this study also examines whether emotional regulation is able to mitigate the impact of negative emotions on work-family conflict. Data obtained from respondents through questionnaires were analysed using PLS-SEM and the finding shows that employees who have the capability to control their emotions may reduce the work-family conflict resulted from cyber harassment at the workplace. This study is able to give input to the organization to strengthen the capability for employees' emotional regulation through motivation and training as the cyber harassment cannot be curbed fully and easily. Theoretically, this study is able to contribute to the body of knowledge on the coping strategy towards cyber harassment negative effect, and will reduce the negative implications to the organisation, family and community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the teacher skill level and attitude towards the use of multimedia in the teaching and learning of the Holy Koran for Autism students. This study was conducted using a set of questionnaires that were completed by 40 teachers who teach in the Integrated Special Education Program (PPKI) class selected by random. These quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed descriptively through SPSS software, version 22 to obtain the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between skill level and teacher attitude towards using multimedia in the teaching and learning of the Holy Koran for Autism students. The results of the analysis of the study found that the teacher skill level (M=3.63, SD.=0.82) and teacher attitude (M=3.80, SD.=0.71) were at a moderate and high level. Meanwhile, this study also shows that there is a significant relationship between skill level and teacher attitude. Indeed, the teacher skill level and attitude towards using multimedia in teaching is positive but has weaknesses in terms of the application of multimedia items. Thus, while conducting the teaching process, a teacher must take into account the skill level to be applied and the readiness of the teacher attitude to build a multimedia-based teaching process to be more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphasis on the level of mastery of each 21st century skill can change student's learning style from conservative to more effective. This survey aims to identify the relationship between 21st century skills and student learning styles as well as the contribution of 21st century skills to student learning styles in Malay language learning. Questionnaires were distributed to 280 Form 4 randomly selected students from seven National Secondary Schools in Kuala Pilah District. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. Findings show that there is a significant weak positive linear relationship between 21st century skills and students' learning styles. Findings also show that students' 21st century skills contribute as much as 44% to students' learning styles. The implication is that each student has a level of mastery of 21st century skills and their own dominant learning style. Teachers need to understand and know the level of 21st century skills and learning styles practiced by students in their efforts to help students strengthen these two aspects. With this, teachers can provide appropriate teaching methods so that they can further increase the level of mastery of students' 21st century skills in the Malay subjects being taught as well as their learning style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article’s objective is to analyse decisions of the Shariah Courts in Malaysia from the perspective of case law reporting on its judgment with particular interest to observe the tendency, challenges and problems faced by these courts while delivering judgement. Analysis is made to cases reported in the Jurnal Hukum published by Department of Shariah Judiciary Malaysia (JKSM) and Syariah Law Reports published by LexisNexis in the year 2012 as sampling. From the cases analysed it was found that the Shariah judges are prepared to make orginal interpretation in matters relating to procedure but would rely normatively on the Islamic Shariah in substatantive matters, although the provisions of the law allow the court flexibility to be innovative. It is also found that the courts in the judgment include additional discussion to the main issue or question of the case which is probably not relevant. Shariah judges also follow and refer the decisions or interpretation of cases reported and this solidifies the position that Shariah Courts do practice the principle of binding precedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Inspector Cadet Police Basic Training Programme on the practice of integrity as a result of the implementation of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Integrity Plan. The training programme is aimed at creating senior police officers who practice good governance in order to improve the quality of service delivery and management as well as to create an excellent image of RMP. The RMP's commitment to upholding integrity has been proven by management improvements through the implementation of some initiatives such as the establishment of the Department of Integrity and Standard Compliance and the implementation of the RMP Integrity Plan, and the implementation of the Enforcement Agency Integrity Module in the RMP training module. This descriptive study uses a qualitative approach based on a structured design of a case study. Primary data were obtained through a semistructured interview method with eight informants selected through purposive sampling techniques and supported by secondary data through document analysis and library research. The findings show that the training module has been a dominant influence and the main catalyst for the practice of integrity, apart from workplace environment and family as new findings. The study concludes that the implementation of the integrity learning module in the Police Basic Training Programme has provided the knowledge and skills towards the inculcation of integrity but somehow officers can still be influenced by work environment and family factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quran is the highest miracle of the Prophet Muhammad saw. Every sentence and even a letter is related to the reward believed by a Muslim as in the debate of various hadiths. Thus, reading, understanding and doing good deeds with it are included in the worship that is highly demanded in Islam. Reading in tarannum and embellishing the art of voice against it is not out of this context. It will further highlight the light of the miracle to the ummah. This article aims to discuss some of the methodologies of tarannum knowledge that should be followed by every reciter of the Qu'an. This is because without it, it will hamper the proper method of reading presentation. Even these methods must be diversified without running away from the methods that are imposed on the limits of recitation advocated by the Qurra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current times, tahfiz education is growing employing several methods of study; full-time and parttime which are delivered through various multidisciplinary combination of knowledge to fulfil the aspirations of Muslims. Although part-time tahfiz educations are gaining ground among the community, there are various challenges towards maintaining the quality of memorization and the students’ interest. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify and analyze the challenges and limitations in parttime tahfiz education. This research is a qualitative study through thematic analysis using interview. The respondents of the study consisted of teachers and students aged between 9 to 64 years old. Justification of selection is due to their involvement in part-time tahfiz education. The results of the study show that there are challenges and limitations in part-time tahfiz education in the form of career obligation, family, study time, quantity and quality of student’s memorization, students’ discipline, and surrounding conditions. In conclusion, part-time tahfiz education needs to be improved in its implementation according to current developments and community demands by emphasizing interactive and effective learning methods as well as providing qualified and experienced teachers to increase the love of community in becoming the Quran bearer which leads toward a Rabbani community and create an atmosphere of Baldatun Tayyibah in the lives of Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to become a leading enforcement agency that is professional, competent and committed to working with community, the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) is in dire need of human resources with high integrity. Various efforts to strengthen the integrity of police personnel were implemented including the application of integrity modules in training, the wearing of the “Integriti Amalan Kita” badge, the launching of the RMP Integrity Plan and the establishment of the Department of Integrity and Compliance Standards (JIPS). However, the image of RMP is overshadowed by various violations of integrity by its entities as early as five years of their services. This ontological study explores and analyzes the phenomenological practice of the integrity in the recruitment and selection process of police officers implemented by the RMP. This study uses a qualitative approach, with a case study design, based on primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through a semi-structured interview method on a total of 30 informants among police officers nationwide selected through purposive sampling techniques. While the secondary data were obtained through documentation and library studies. This study based on RMP Integrity Plan 2016- 2020 and the Police Organisational Integrity Theory. The findings show that the recruitment and selection process implimented by RMP emphasize the element of integrity but there are weaknesses in implementation aspect such as external influences, fraud, abuse of power and system weaknesses but it can be overcome through the involvement of external agencies, system strengthening and refinement of recruitment and selection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the changes in Malaysia's foreign policy towards China during the Abdul Razak era from animosity to the normalisation of relations. Three questions are highlighted in this research; first, what are the factors that influence the changes in Malaysia's foreign policy towards China; second, how the three levels of analysis structure Malaysia's foreign policy towards China and third, to what extent the established relationship has an impact on the national interests of the two countries. The arguments of these three factors are analysed through three stages namely the international structure, domestic changes and the role of leaders. The neoclassical realism theory is applied in analyzing the structuring of Malaysia's foreign policy towards China during the Abdul Razak era. This research applies a qualitative method of obtaining primary data through structured interviews with key informants; an analytical method based on chronology; and supported with empirical evidence from the secondary data. Overall, this research concludes that harmony interest and pingpong diplomacy influenced the changes in Malaysia's foreign policy towards China. Although the two countries are suspicious of one another in diplomatic relations, there was an increase in comprehensive cooperation through trade and political aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Insured Patient is a term used by SOCSO for workers who suffer workplace accidents. Compensation only does not guarantee the quality of life (QoL) of patient if disabilities permanently and not get social support. This study aims to determine the QoL of Insured Patient who participated in the Return To Work (RTW) Programme and the social support from individual whom are close to them. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 117 respondents whom participated in the RTW Program at SOCSO Sabah. Results The result showed there were significant differences between level of education with physical domain in QoL (t=-2.422, p=0.017), social relationship domain (t=-2.088, p=0.039), and total QoL (t=-2.865, P=0.005). There are significant differences between the structural support from social support domain with total score QoL (F=4.093, P=0.019), patients with structural support more than 10 have a good QoL. Patients with high education level have better QoL. Conclusions In conclusion, the QoL of the respondents is at a moderate level. Educational factors, structural support and social support affect the QoL of patients and should be emphasized to ensure that the QoL of patients can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is the main thrust in forming students' personal personal morality and it is an imperative asset in Islam. Perfect learning will produce people with high moral values and character. Therefore, several social learning factors influence student morale and personality. This paper aimed to discuss social learning based on Islamic perspectives and factors that can influence students' morality and personality development. This study used the library research methodology by analysing and discussing the content of the text. Documents analysed consists of journal and articles review on the akhlak and moral. Thematic analysed is used to identify elements of the akhlak and moral. This paper found that social learning factors identified to have a pertinent impression on student morale are teachers, parents, peers, school environment, community environment and mass media. Consequently, is concluded that the social learning factors attempt to implement Islamic values education towards creating a good human personality that emphasizes confidence and obedience to Allah SWT. Furthermore, this study had a significant impact on MOE, teacher and parents in effectively implementing the Islamic values education so that the goal of producing the young and righteous believers can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enforcement of tax investigation is to collect the actual tax from tax evasion's activities through proof of documents and facing the case in court. Tax Investigation Framework recommends that a tax investigation case to be settled in 18 months if using the account method or 24 months if using the capital method. Nevertheless, previous studies showed that most tax investigation cases took longer than the suggested time to settle and caused delay in collecting the actual tax. Therefore, this study targeted to get perspective of the tax agents on factors which are considered as influencing the tax investigation's settlement period. This study chose to survey 364 tax agents who had experience in tax investigation. This study found that the enforcement strategy had been the most influential factor, followed by the competency of investigation officers, the investigation techniques being used, the tax penalties being charged, and the least influential had been the understanding of the tax laws. This study was the first in Malaysia that used the tax agents as respondent. Findings of this study could provide certain inputs to the tax authority on the recommended strategies to reduce the delay in the settlement period of tax investigation, and thus improve the actual tax collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) has been practiced for decades by the Malay society. In fact, this practice is in line with the existence of Malay custom especially Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggung. Customs is something that can never be separated from historical studies, particularly when it involves the origin of matters in a society. Hence, this article explored the practice of the harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) and its development according to the history of Malay custom. This article used library research as a method of data collection and was then analyzed through thematic content analysis. All this method applied in researching aspects of harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) practice in the society. In addition to other academic writing, some examples of cases that had been decided by the Court also has been elaborated to show evidence that the practice of harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) has been accepted and practiced by the community over the years. Therefore, this study found that the practice of Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) is not something new, but it has been part of the Malay customs history not only in Malaysia but also in Malay Archipelago, mainly in Southeast Asia. Besides that, Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) which was associated with Malay custom and is now recognized by Islamic law and Malaysia’s jurisprudence surely has its own uniqueness and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academically Gifted (PCA) students are students who are inclined towards academics. Many studies have been conducted on their academic inclinations, while their interests in sports are less explored. This study examines the relationship and influence of Big Five personality on attitude towards sports (STS) among PCA students. 420 Form Four students from six boarding schools (SBPs) were randomly selected as samples, and questionnaires were used as instruments. The findings indicate that the PCA students demonstrate high levels Extraversion, Prudence, Consciousness and Openness traits of Big Five personality, and moderate level of Neurotic trait. PCA students also demonstrate high STS in the context of Engagement, Motivation, Knowledge and Values. There was a significant relationship between Big Five personalities and STS, and Big Five personalities had a significant impact on STS with a 6.5% contribution. In conclusion, PCA students in Malaysia have a positive attitude towards sports, where their Big Five personality is a predictor of their STS. This implicates that sports education programs that are in line with specific capabilities of PCA students need to be provided so that their talent in sports can be polished and exposed. Different approaches to different personalities give PCA students a chance to excel in sports along with academic excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of China's economic development after the implementation of reform and opening-up program in December 1978 has led to stunning economic growth in the history of China's development. Among the emphasis on the economic reform are the openness of industry and the growth of exports by allowing market forces, yet still under strict control by the state. Since then, the term China Model has emerged in explaining its economic development process. The rise of China as the world's new economic hegemonic power can be seen through Outward Direct Investments (ODI) strategy as a platform that integrates China into the international economy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the key elements of the China Model that drives its economic development; and to discuss the importance of ODI in the China Model based on previous studies. This study was conducted by applying qualitative methods. The results of this study found that the China Model is an important strategy in the development of China's economy, while ODI is not only one of the dominant factors in the development of China Model but also an important instrument in China's soft power strategy. Based on the findings, we conclude that this study highlights the importance of the China Model that brings a miracle to China's economic development and contributes to the corpus of knowledge on the importance of China's experience in development that can serve as a guide for other developing countries to plan their development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Qiraat has begun since the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) started talaqqi with the Gabriel and applied among the companions until the present generation of Muslims. The perseverance of the companions in the study of Qiraat is evidenced by the appearance of Qiraat experts like Saidina Uthman bin Affan, Saidina Ali bin Abi Talib, Abd ar-Rahman al-Sulami and others.The objective of this study was to identify the background of the respondents and to study the students' perceptions of teaching and learning Qiraat. The design of the study used was quantitative method using questionnaire method.The questionnaire in based on likert scale -5 was used to obtain respondents' information regarding the perception of teaching and learning Qiraat. A total of 146 respondents answered the questionnaire distributed among two-year respondents involved in the Bachelor of Arabic Language and Communication program with Honour, USIM based on Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling.The findings of the study show that students' perception of Qiraat education is in good condition with high interest and awareness that Qiraat education also plays an important role in Islamic education. However, there are still a need for improvement in the aspects of teaching aids that are more interesting and effective in keeping with the latest multimedia developments in order to capitalize on Qiraat education at higher levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The script is fundamental in the making of a film. Several previous researchers have discussed thoroughly the problems in producing a script in Malaysia. However, throughout the study conducted, there is no researcher discussed the importance and formation of beat elements in sequence two specifically. Therefore, this study explores the importance of the beat element of sequence two in an action film J Revolusi (2017). It also examines the intensity level which associate with the duration in the action scene to create a sense of excitement and anxious to the audience. The beat analysis was conducted using the three age structure by Blake Snyder (2005) which focuses on the beat element in sequence two of the selected action film. The beat elements consist of break into two, b story, fun & games, midpoint, bad guys close in, all is lost, dark night of the soul and break into three. The data collection was conducted by interviewing the director and scriptwriter of the action film. This study found that the beat element introduced by Blake Snyder was important to make the narration of an action film more appealing and less boring to the audience. It was found that the intensity and duration of the scene were also important to ensure the strength of beat in an action film scene. In addition, this study also found that narrative elements such as character and conflict play an important role in the formation of the beat in a narration. This study could benefit the scriptwriter in producing a good action film script. It guides them to organize the narrative element to ensure the formation of the beat in a scene could be done effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational stress occurs when the job requirement such as leadership style do not meet the capabilities and needs of the worker. It has great impact affecting both employee and organization. Study objective was to determine the prevalence between leadership style and occupational stress among employee and its relationship. Cross-sectional study was carried out through online social media, targetting working adults. Snowballing sampling was employed in which research participants recruited other participants from among their acquaintance. This online survey adopted two Malay-translated and validated survey forms of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Job Stress Level Inventory. There were 447 respondents with median age of 31.0 ± 8.0 years old. Majority were female (57.27%), Malay (91.28%), married (66.44%) with high education qualification (86.80%). Majority worked in Selangor and Wilayah Persekutuan (53.47%) and attached to government agencies (59.06%). Data indicates that perceived transformational and transactional leadership styles practiced by leaders at their workplace were at moderate level with both account for 51.2% and 81.7% respectively. Respondent revealed stress level at average level of 44.3%. There was significant relationship with weak negative correlation between transformational leadership and occupational stress (r= -0.182, p<0.05). As for transactional leadership, the relationship was significant with a moderate negatively correlated occupational stress (r= -0.554, p<0.05). Transactional leadership style showed moderate inverse relationshipwith occupational stress as compared to transformational leadership style which had very weak inverse relationship. There was significant correlation between leadership style and occupational stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating influence of leadership on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational politics. Based on cross-sectional design, the sample of this study consisted of 291 non-executive workers from various Islamic financial institution in Malaysia. This study also points to a new dimension of organizational justice and organizational politics in the Islamic financial institution in Malaysia. The discovery of new dimensions seen by using factor analysis. The effect of the influence of organizational justice, leadership and organizational politics were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results show that organizational justice has the effect of significant influence by organizational politics, and leadership role as mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax investigation is an enforcement action to recover back duty tax (overdue tax) from tax avoidance and evasion. Thus, it is very important to settle tax investigation cases to ensure the actual tax collection. However, previous study shows that most tax investigation cases take longer than the suggested time to settle and cause the delay in the collection of the back duty tax. Hence, this study aims to identify the factors that contribute to the settlement period of tax investigation cases. This study chose to interview four Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) top officers using a semi-structured interview method in order to get good explanation. The finding showed there are four factors that contribute to the the settlement period of tax investigation cases, which are the competency of IRBM officers, enforcement strategies, tax penalties, and investigation techniques. The finding also revealed that the tax law factor did not affect the settlement period of tax investigation cases. Based on review of past study, this study is the first in Malaysia that utilized respondents among the tax investigation policymakers. The result of this study would help the public in particular the taxpayers to understand why tax investigation takes long time to settle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quranic recitation with a proper tajweed is an individual obligation for Muslim. The tajweed education curriculum studied at the Tahfiz Schools is focusing on the theory and practical of makhraj (articulation points), sifat huruf (character of alphabet), hukum nun sakinah and tanween, hukum mim sakinah, mad and many others. The objectives of this study are to identify the students' background and to analyze the level of respondents' effectiveness in the teaching and learning of tajweed knowledge. 210 respondents from nine private tahfiz schools under PITAS, Selangor were involved.The quantitative data is analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation based on Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The research design used was quantitative in descriptive method through current survey method by using the questionnaire method of five Likert scale options. The data are also supported by semi-structural interview instruments, observations and Quranic test. All data collection instruments have been verified by the expert reference panel. The findings show that the level of effectiveness of teaching and learning tajweed knowledge among the students of Selangor private school is high (min = 4.04, p = 0.85), while the mean score for the implementation domain for the teaching and learning method of tajweed knowledge is moderate high = 3.60, p = 0.73). Results from the respondents shows high level of understanding of tajweed knowledge mastery. However, there is a necessity towards improvement of understanding about Mad Asli, Mad Far'ie and Imam Hafs reading. Meanwhile, the practice of the teaching and learning methods domain applied in the teaching and learning of tajweed knowledge in the private tahfiz schools are also at a good level however still in need of attention and continuous enhancement on the lecture method, practical method, oral test, blackboard, reference books, quizzes, questions and presentations. In conclusion, the excellence mastery of tajweed knowledge in the Quran gives a positive consequence in the Quranic recitation, memorisation and contemplation simultaneously resulted a holistic character of a believer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the level of multiple intelligence of Academically Talented Students (PCA) and its relationship with their attitude towards sports. This survey involves 30 randomly selected form four students through the administration of two sets of questionnaires modified from MyMICA (Malaysian Multiple Intelligence Checklist for Adult) instrument by Siti Rahayah et al. (2005) and Attitudes Towards Sport by P. Iskandar (1999). The questionnaire has been tested and has a good reliability value ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. The intelligence levels are measured by the standard mean score by Pallant, (2007). Overall, the study found that PCA students have a high talent in Spiritual followed by Logical Mathematics, Kinesthetics, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal. While Linguistic, Music, Naturalist and Visual Space recorded a moderate level of mean score . This study also examines the relationship between multiple intelligences and attitude towards sports where the correlation value of Kinestatic intelligence (r = 0.784, sig = 0.001) provides a strong positive relationship followed by Spiritual intelligence (r = 0.552, sig = 0.002). Visual Space (r = 0.498, sig = 0.005) and Intrapersonal (r = 0.399, sig = 0.029) intelligences also showed a correlation with attitudes toward sports at a moderate positive level. The implication of this study can be used as a guide for sports teachers, especially those involved with PCA students to see their potential that contributes to their attitude towards sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barisan Nasional's manifesto for the 14th General Election focused on the agenda of "With BN for a Greater Malaysia," which is based on three fundamental development programs under the "Najibnomics". The implementation of Najibnomics is based on the federal government's efforts under Najib Razak premiership to create inclusive and balanced economic conditions as well as to establish a high-income country with a comprehensive development. The BNled federal government implemented Najibnomics by introducing a comprehensive and practical economic policy called the New Economic Model (NEM). In order to achieve economic equality, NEM under Najibnomics, emphasised on a balanced distribution of economic benefits among the social classes in Malaysia and is strongly in favour of the populist development. This article argues that the fall of Najibnomics in GE14 is strongly connected with the election manifesto offered by Barisan Nasional. The rejection of Najibnomics was influenced by a combination of factors including the function of BR1M as a social assistance or a tool for the regime; the role of Najib Razak in the 1MDB scandal; the weakness of GST's implementation and the economic distribution imbalanced, which contributes to the rise of cost of living in Malaysia. Thus, GE14 which witnessed the defeat of BN for the first time in Malaysian political history, signalled the rejection of Najibnomics by the people despite the populist offers presented by the BN Manifesto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of madrasa (Islamic traditional institution) in Kelantan has produced many pious figures particularly in Islamic studies in classic scripture concept. Local Muslim scholars specialized in Islamic studies had contributed to these institutions whether by establishing their own madrasah or teaching at present madrasah. This research is conducted to present the personal biography of Haji Abdul Rahman Lubuk Tapah, Pasir Mas, Kelantan and his writing entitled "Pedoman Solat Berjemaah". He is seen as a major contributor to traditional religious study in Kelantan and his influence is still lively due to legacy of his great writings. Generally, this is a library-based research which using main sample based from the book of "Pedoman Solat Berjemaah". His writing structure ease readers to understand the content and to answer any questions related to rules and regulation of congregational in ṣalāh. The varieties of concept shown by Haji Abdul Rahman has made his book as the most favoured book especially in abode study until present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Reformation Era, the Indonesian military has made three transformations of doctrine. The previous military doctrine established during the New Order reinforced the dual function of military. In its development, the two army roles have caused deviations within the national political system and reduced the military's professionalism. Therefore, at the beginning of Indonesia reform experienced an increase in national security threats. This study discusses the implications of the military doctrine transformation toward the national security during the Reformation Era. The study used qualitative methods by conducting semistructured interviews on nine selected informants. The data were analyzed from the perspective of Neoclassical Realism. The results of this study suggest that military doctrine is transformed into organizational, professionalism, threat perspectives and patterns of military operations aspects. Implementation of the military doctrine transformation in the realization of national security is determined by the perception of national leadership on domestic politics, geopolitics and the systemic factors and policies in the fostering and use of military power. The study concludes that the transformation of military doctrine as a form of adjustment to the development of domestic politics, geopolitical areas and systemic factors can restore the stability of national security from various threats to the state sovereignty, territorial integrity and the safety of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threats to national security today are no longer limited to warfare. Non-traditional threats such as sectarian disputes and religious conflicts also affect the core values of a country. In Malaysia, although Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah was declared the official creed, there are still a handful of society members who uphold Shia beliefs. Hence, this study is aimed at identifying whether Shia can be a threat to national security even though its followers are lesser. This study uses a qualitative approach method based on primary and secondary sources. Primary source data is based on in-depth interview methods. Meanwhile, secondary sources are based on literature methods and document analysis. This study will look at the securitization approach of national security concept which refers to speeches act that contain threat elements against the issue raised and believes that the object reference is threatened and needs to be defended. From such analysis, Shia beliefs that spread to Malaysia after the Iranian Revolution 1979, faced stern actions from security authorities such as the Royal Malaysian Police and the State Islamic Religious Department as this issue caused strong resentment among the Muslim communities in Malaysia. Despite being a sensitive issue to be discussed as it involved diplomatic ties between the Malaysian and Iranian governments, the study found that the relations between both countries were unaffected due to mutual respect. However, for Malaysia, there are elements of securitization that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]