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The learning of Arabic in Malaysia, which was once exclusive for Muslim students, is now gaining popularity among local non-Muslims. Learning Arabic, even at the beginner's level, is not easy for non-Muslim students. The situation is even more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic which witnessed a total shift to the online teaching and learning mode. The aim of this study is to identify the learning techniques employed by non-Muslim students to learn Arabic speaking skills online. This qualitative study interviewed six non-Muslim undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) who were taking a level 2 Arabic course. The results of shows that non- Muslim students were able to follow the process of learning speaking skills online, even though they had some difficulties at the beginning due to the lack of basics in Arabic. Their ability to follow the learning process were mainly the result of mastering the basic skills of reading Arabic texts and writing Arabic letters. Equipped with these two skills, the students demonstrated 22 learning techniques which can be divided into three categories according to their intended use, namely Malay-Arabic translation, reading Arabic texts without diacritical marks, and Arabic speech improvement. This study also suggests that fiurther research should be carried out to explore the potential of Asynchronous Multimedia-based Oral Communication (AMOC) in Arabic language learning for beginners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of dialects, which used to be traditional through the search of phonological differences, has evolved into a geographical study, historical study, and theoretical data sources. Today dialect studies have undergone innovations by synergizing technology in isogloss descriptions and incorporating non-linguistic elements in explaining the spread of the dialect itself. For the sake of this knowledge's continuity, efforts to fill the void of the study of dialect by specializing in the Terengganu dialect have been made. This dialect was once described three decades ago and certainly needed new input. This study aims to re-investigate the Terengganu dialect features, produce isogloss lines that separate the Terengganu and Kelantan dialects and prove this dialect's dominance along the east coast. This study is a field study involving 500 speakers with 64 village points. It involves the elderly, adults and adolescents. All respondents were asked to pronounce forty selected lexicals based on the Swadesh list in addition to interviews to obtain accurate sounds. The study results found that all phonological features remained the same three decades ago; only phonetic inputs and phonological rules were refined to meet linguistic standards. Secondly, the exact isogloss limiting Terengganu and Kelantan's dialects have been successfully mapped along with the exact village points. Finally, there is a chain or continuum of the Terengganu dialect along the east coast from Setiu Laut to Kota Tinggi in Johor. Topographic, historical and socio-cultural factors further strengthen the spread of this dialect along the east coast area. This study has improved the Terengganu dialect description based on the geolinguistics perspective, proving that a multidisciplinary approach can systematically describe this dialect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malay language being the country’s national language is used in multi-context, be it official affairs or commercial use. The appropriate and accurate use of the Malay language is influenced by a multitude of factors including users’ attitude. This study analysed the standard of the National Language (BK) usage on signboards namely business signage, banners, and buntings located in areas under the jurisdictions of Kuching North City Hall (DBKU) and Kuching South City Hall (MBKS). It also reviews the public’s sentiment towards the use of the national language at public spaces throughout Kuching city. The field work approach benefited images of business premises signage, banners and buntings around Kuching and a survey was done using the Google Form distributed to 351 respondents. The research data was analysed using the approach proposed by Zaharani Ahmad et al. (2010) in order to determine the standard of BK used. The data from the survey focused on five dimensions, namely (i) enforcement, (ii)language loyalty, (iii) language pride (iv) language norms, and (v) aspiration. The findings revealed that the standard of BK used under both the DBKU and MBKS jurisdictions, in all three categories of business premises signage, banners and buntings at public spaces, were at a very low and unsatisfactory level. From the perspective of the public’s attitude towards BK, it was found that the respondents support the dignification of BK in public signage through all five dimensions studied. This clearly suggests that the respondents collectively, regardless of race and age group, support the importance of upholding the national language in the city of Kuching. The implication is, an increased effort from various parties, especially the PBT, to enhance and strengthen the use of BK in their jurisdiction should be made accordingly as despite the positive attitude shown by the public towards the importance on the use of BK at public spaces, the findings of this study have shown that the standard of use is very low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crawler is one of the major components in the architecture of information retrieval systems or search engines. The function is to gather relevant websites aimed to be managed through indexing of links and content. A focused crawler application is designed to select and collect web pages that are relevant to domains or specific topics in the Internet. A good crawler can provide accurate, extensive and relevant information to the user during the process of information seeking using search engines. The inability to detect links and content of Malay language is one of the main issues. Therefore, some of the content of the Malay website cannot be indexed and processed for information retrieval. The lack of research in focused crawler especially for Malay website has motivated this research. The main objective of this study is to identify good crawling strategies for focused crawler in detecting relevant and quality links for Malay website. The focused crawler employed in this research has undergone some modifications resulting from a combination of some crawling strengthening techniques. Findings indicate that the presence of a focused crawler enhancement module provides good results because it can detect Malay language webs accurately. This research is also a turning point for the development of information retrieval for Malay websites as well as enhancing the prominence of Malay language in cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language politeness, in general, refers to the use of polite language in oral communication. It is important for interaction between individuals to establish good impression and relationship. Often, it is also associated with the culture of a society. In a counselling session, the main objective is to guide the clients to solve problems that they experience. Therefore, speaking courteously in a counseling session is important to create good and comfortable relationship between the counselor or the trainee counselor with their clients. Hence, this study investigates whether the act of speaking courteously is present in the interaction between trainee counselors and their clients by applying the politeness principle (Leech, 1983). This study utilizes data from 30 trainee counsellors from UNIMAS counseling program that was collected by recording and transcribing the conversation between the trainees and their clients. The result from this study indicated that the six maxims; tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy, as proposed by Leech (1983) were applied by UNIMAS trainee counsellors in the counseling sessions. The presence of the six maxims based on Leech's politeness principle showed that the use of language politeness is an important strategy in speaking to create a comfortable environment between the trainee counselors and their clients. Therefore, the use of language politeness in a counselling session is one of the strategies in speaking that needs to be given specific attention by counselors or trainee counselors to ensure the goal of guiding and solving the clients' problems can be dealt well and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic texts contains information framework that the authors want to convey to the students. This information framework forms the structure of the texts. Thus, students who read the texts should be familiar with the structure of texts in order to help them deepen their understanding of the texts. This study aimed to identify the structures of the economic texts that were used by students who took Economics subject. The topic chosen as a model for texts structure analysis was Perfect Competition. The design of this study was a content analysis which analyzed the texts structure of every unit and inter units of Perfect Competition. The findings show that there are four types of texts structure unit, namely; description, listing, cause and effect, and sequence. While texts structure relationship between units consists of description, cause and effect, pre and post knowledge, and sequence. The implication of this study is that students who read Economics texts should identify the types of texts structure to help them understand the content of Economics texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is an elective offered to first degree students. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the level of oral Arabic practice among UiTM students, (2) the correlation between oral Arabic practice and resource management strategies which consist of four sub components, namely, time and environment strategy, effort regulation strategy, help seeking strategy and peer learning strategy, and (3) the differences in the use of resource management strategies among students with different level of oral Arabic practice. This is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using an adapted questionnaire of selfregulated learning strategies and interviews with students. The quantitative data were collected from 455 samples using the stratified random sampling technique. The study found that (1) students used moderately oral Arabic, and their practice outside the classroom was lower than inside the classroom, (2) there were significant correlations between oral Arabic practice and the use of peer learning strategy as well as time and study management strategy, and (3) there were significant differences in the use of peer learning strategy among students with different level of oral Arabic practice. This study suggests that the use of peer learning strategy as well as time and study management strategy have to be increased in order to increase the oral Arabic practice among students, such implementing collaborative grouping activities and using peer assistants which are officially selected among students themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia is an elective course offered to first degree students. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of learning materials in the context of learning oral Arabic at UiTM. It is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative study using questionnaires, interviews and classroom observations. For quantitative data, stratified random sampling technique was used involving 455 students and 48 course lecturers while for qualitative data, 13 interviews with students, 8 interviews with subject lecturers and 12 classroom observations were engaged. The study found that the textbooks were the only learning material that had been highly used compared to other materials, showing that learning was primarily based on the textbooks. This study suggests some improvements in the use of learning materials such as to use authentic materials through computer and Internet. The textbooks have to be used as a guide and not as a final objective of learning. The use of learning materials has to support students' interest, their needs and motivation. They also have to be given freedom to select materials according to their needs and interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often in commentaries on the Aceh Code, researchers relate it to the status of existing applicable laws and regulations as well as the principles of Human Rights (HAM). As a result, the Aceh Code has been criticized as not being in line with the law; it is even seen as radical, extreme, and contrary to human rights values. However, it is a law built based on Islamic principles. In order to counter this perception of the Aceh Code, this study analyzes the relationship between the Aceh Code and the practice of takzir punishment by 'Umar bin al-Khattab. The researcher used a qualitative method with a documentary research design to collect data from primary documents, namely the Acehnese Qanun and various legal jurisprudence reference books that contain the practice of 'Umar's takzir. Next, an analysis was made to compare the Aceh Code with the practice of takzir punishment by 'Umar bin al-Khattab. The results of the document analysis found that there are similarities between the Aceh Code and 'Umar's takzir practice in the execution of punishments, including flogging, imprisonment, and fines. The Acehnese Qanun even implements these punishments by adapting them to the conditions, culture, and local traditions of the Acehnese community. In conclusion, this study highlights the Aceh Code’s strong foundation in Islamic jurisprudence by drawing parallels between its punishments and the takzir practices of 'Umar bin al-Khattab. Contrary to common criticisms, the Aceh Code is not inherently radical or extreme but reflects a careful adaptation of Islamic legal principles to the cultural and societal context of Aceh. By demonstrating the Code's alignment with both traditional Islamic law and local practices, this research provides a deeper understanding of how Shariah-based laws can be integrated within contemporary legal frameworks while maintaining respect for cultural diversity. Abstrak Seringkali dalam ulasan mengenai Qanun Aceh, para penyelidik mengaitkannya dengan status undang-undang dan peraturan terpakai sedia ada serta prinsip-prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Akibatnya, Qanun Aceh telah dikritik sebagai tidak selaras dengan undang-undang tersebut, bahkan ia dilihat sebagai radikal, ekstrim, dan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai HAM, sedangkan ia adalah undang-undang yang dibina berdasarkan prinsip Islam. Bagi menangkis persepsi ini terhadap Qanun Aceh, kajian ini menganalisis hubungan Qanun Aceh dengan amalan hukuman takzir ‘Umar bin al-Khattab. Pengkaji menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian dokumentar untuk mengumpulkan data daripada dokumen primer, iaitu Qanun Aceh dan pelbagai buku rujukan fiqh undang-undang yang mengandungi amalan takzir ‘Umar. Seterusnya analisis dibuat bagi membandingkan Qanun Aceh dengan praktik hukuman takzir ‘Umar bin al-Khattab. Hasil analisis dokumen mendapati bahawa wujud persamaan antara Qanun Aceh dengan praktik takzir Umar dalam pelaksanaan hukuman merangkumi hukuman sebatan, penjara dan denda. Bahkan Qanun Aceh melaksanakan hukuman-hukuman ini dengan turut menyesuaikannya dengan kondisi, budaya, dan tradisi setempat masyarakat Aceh. Sebagai kesimpulan, kajian ini menekankan asas kukuh Qanun Aceh dalam jurisprudens Islam dengan menunjukkan persamaan antara hukuman-hukumannya dan amalan takzir yang telah dilaksanakan oleh 'Umar bin al-Khattab. Qanun Aceh bukanlah radikal atau ekstrem namun mencerminkan adaptasi dan penyesuaian prinsip undang-undang Islam kepada konteks budaya dan masyarakat Aceh. Kajian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana undang-undang berasaskan Syariah dapat diintegrasikan dalam rangka perundangan moden sambil kekal menghormati kepelbagaian budaya.

Faqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja is a well-known figure among local historians, particularly among those who study prominent religious scholars in Southeast Asia. His descendants contributed significantly to promoting the sustainability of Islamic teaching in Terengganu. Islam was upheld as the principle of Terengganu's sovereignty, forming the basis of its constitutional system, thus legitimizing the position of Sharia as the law of the land. This was manifested on the Inscribed Stone dated 4 Rejab 702H. Nevertheless, the role of the descendants of Faqih Ali have not been a focal point in academic writing. The paucity of literature and elucidation within this domain serves as the basis for this study. This article aims to investigate the role of prominent religious scholars of Faqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja's descent in upholding the implementation of Sharia in the Terengganu Sultanate until the Independence Day of Tanah Melayu in 1957. This study is qualitative in nature and employs historical research methods. Data were obtained from archival documents, government publications, field research, and secondary sources. Findings show that the preservation of the Sharia legacy in Terengganu since the discovery of the Inscribed Stone was influenced significantly by the substantial contributions of religious scholars who were also the administrators of Faqih Ali Dato’ Maharaja’s descent, evidenced by the legislation of Itqanul Muluk bi Ta'dil al-Suluk in 1911 and its extension, the Terengganu State Constitution. Hence, the practice of Sharia before 1957, was not confined to personal affairs as understood by many; by virtue of the Federal Constitution, the public affairs of Sharia are now entrusted to public authorities at the federal level unless those matters are retained in the state administration.

Intellectual creation, namely inventions, designs, literary works, artistic works, symbols, names, images, computer code, etc. is commonly relates to Intellectual property (IP). IP is one of the significant outputs of the research institution including at the Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Awareness on IP generation and registration were only initiated in 9th Malaysian Plan (2006-2010) and starting from 10th Malaysia Plan (2011-2015), IP generation is one of the KPI that needs to be achieved by the FRI. Until March 2024, a total of 55 R&D innovations have been registered as IPs in various categories such as patents (11), utility innovations (10), trademarks (8) and copyrights (24) and 40 of them has been granted. For the past 15 years, the FRI has made provisions in generating and facilitate IP registration with the aim of getting them commercialized to help boosting the fisheries industries in Malaysia. There are great deals remain to be done particularly on establishing a comprehensive and specific internal IP strategy to help FRI in identifying and protecting the IPs, manage risks, promote IPs and, most importantly, generate and grow revenue.

While Muslims in Malaysia are not yet overcome by shock due to Nik Elin's lawsuit, the atmosphere is re-heated by the repeal of section 498 of the Penal Code by the recent Federal Court’s interpretation. Such development attracted the public to inquire more about the Federal Constitution, especially the position on Islamic law. Section 498 touches on criminal offences that punish men who entice married women with the intent to have illicit intercourse. This article aims to analyse the constitutionality of section 498 of the Penal Code viewed from Article 8(5)(a) and Article 11(5) of the Federal Constitution. The methodology of this study is doctrinal research using Watanic jurisprudence. Although this article touches on the interpretation of section 498 of the Penal Code, it is not intended to discuss the facts of the case in trial at the time this article was written. The analysis here also does not touch on whether the position of the Penal Code, being the existing law, is subject to Article 162(6). However, the repealing effect of section 498 has been duly analysed. The findings show that the essence of section 498 is based on the teachings of Islam, and a similar provision is stipulated in the Law of the Pahang, Johor, and Perak Codes. It is mandatory for preserving personal law and upholding the principles of morality in accordance with customs and religious beliefs. ABSTRAK Walaupun umat Islam di Malaysia masih belum reda dengan kejutan akibat tuntutan mahkamah Nik Elin, suasana kembali hangat dengan pemansuhan seksyen 498 Kanun Keseksaan oleh tafsiran Mahkamah Persekutuan baru-baru ini. Perkembangan itu menarik minat ramai orang untuk bertanya lebih lanjut tentang Perlembagaan Persekutuan, terutamanya kedudukan undang-undang Islam. Seksyen 498 menyentuh kesalahan jenayah yang menghukum lelaki yang menggoda wanita berkahwin dengan niat untuk melakukan persetubuhan luar nikah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keperlembagaan seksyen 498 Kanun Keseksaan yang dilihat daripada Perkara 8(5)(a) dan Perkara 11(5) Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Metodologi kajian ini adalah penyelidikan doktrin menggunakan jurisprudens watan. Walaupun Artikel ini menyentuh tafsiran seksyen 498 Kanun Keseksaan, ia tidak bertujuan untuk membincangkan fakta kes dalam perbicaraan pada masa Artikel ini ditulis. Analisis di sini juga tidak menyentuh sama ada kedudukan Kanun Keseksaan sebagai undang-undang sedia ada, tertakluk kepada Perkara 162(6). Walau bagaimanapun, kesan pemansuhan seksyen 498 telah dianalisis dengan sewajarnya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan intipati seksyen 498 adalah berlandaskan ajaran agama Islam, dan peruntukan yang sama termaktub dalam Hukum Kanun Pahang, Johor dan Perak. Adalah satu yang wajib untuk memelihara undang-undang diri dan menegakkan prinsip moral mengikut adat dan kepercayaan agama.

The study aims to research the involvement of University Technology of Mara female students in online shopping, and a better understanding of the roles of trust, convenience, and customer service for female consumers. A proposed conceptual model began to incorporate new components into the theory of reasoned action (TRA), particularly trust, convenience, and customer service. The study shows that attitude, convenience, customer service, and subjective norms all have a substantial impact on female student consumers' intention to buy online. In this study, a quantitative study based on descriptive analysis was developed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, an IBM statistical suite, to test the research hypothesis.

Purpose – Although there exists a substantial body of research discussing the efficient implementation of classroom-based assessment (CBA), there is a dearth of knowledge regarding its application within the context of English as a Second Language (ESL) education in Malaysia. The current study aimed to investigate the ESL teachers’ practices in implementing CBA, with a specific emphasis on the alignment of their assessment procedures with the policy requirements. Methodology – Hence, this research utilizes a qualitative approach, employing data triangulation through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Four ESL teachers from two public secondary schools in the northeast district of the Malaysian city of Pulau Pinang were selected to participate in the study. The four ESL teachers taught the same grade (Form 2) at the secondary level. The data collected were analyzed through thematic analysis procedures. Findings – This research discovered that teachers demonstrate commendable practices in planning the CBA. They exhibited discernment by formulating instructional objectives in line with the curriculum document. However, a misalignment was observed in teachers’ practices during the implementation phase. Despite employing various assessment methods, teachers predominantly leaned towards formal assessments, with less emphasis on studentcentred approaches. Challenges surfaced when explicit learning objectives were not effectively communicated, and the use of standardized rubrics, was not tailored to students’ diverse capabilities. At the reporting phase, concerns were raised about an excessive focus on administrative data recording. This study brought to light that teachers relied on the accumulation of students’ grades and marks to determine the mastery levels, thus corroborating with the examoriented practices. Significance – This study holds significant value for the field of ESL education in Malaysia by shedding light on the actual implementation of CBA and its alignment with policy directives. By providing information on how policies are implemented at the local level, contributes to the improvement of assessment policies that can be tailored to classroom realities.

Commercial banks are the principal players in the banking system as they constitute the largest and most significant providers of funds. Their core function is to provide retail banking services, including accepting deposits, granting loans and advances, and financial guarantees. Customers are offered a variety of bank credit or loan options, which include Simple Interest, Simple Interest with Compensating Balance, Discount Interest, and Discount Interest with Compensating Balance. However, customers are not always cognizant of the best available option. The most economical alternative is the one that offers the lowest annual interest cost, which is referred to as the effective annual rate (EAR). Unfortunately, not all customers are proficient in calculating EAR, which is where My eCredit Banking Apps Version 3 (MECBA V3) comes into play. This innovative application assists borrowers in determining the most suitable interest rate and financial alternatives offered by commercial banks in Malaysia. By employing MECBA V3, customers can save both time and money in selecting the optimal alternative, as these calculations can be laborious and complicated. Selecting the appropriate option is critical, as loans can have extended repayment periods, resulting in a considerable amount of money being repaid. Therefore, My eCredit Banking Apps Version 3 (MECBA V3) is the optimal solution for making well-informed credit banking choices.

The Malay states remain sovereign from the pre-Federation of Malaya in 1957 until today. They acquired external sovereignty through international recognition via membership of Malaya in the United Nations. International law recognises Malaysia's continental shelf, a federation comprising a few coastal states under UNCLOS 1982. A local issue close to this subject is the Malay states’ rights in the Federation of Malaysia over petroleum production within the continental shelf adjacent to their territorial waters. Hence, this paper examines a Malay state's rights over Malaysia's continental shelf. This study is a qualitative legal analysis using a case study design promoting the method of watanic jurisprudence. Therefore, the Federal Constitution, UNCLOS 1982, and various statutes are analysed to answer many related issues beforehand. This paper has found that the territorial waters of the Malay states cannot be limited to three nautical miles from the low tide line in pursuance of the Territorial Sea Act 2012 without strict compliance with Article 2 of the Federal Constitution. The legitimacy of the territorial limits of the Malay states' waters is essential as it determines their rights to the continental shelf and its petroleum production.

Universities play a vital role in a country’s growth and have the potential to stay in the field of higher education by determining their performance. Thereby, management will not know whether university performance is profitable if it is not measured. Therefore, this project was carried out to determine the efficiency of public universities in Malaysia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models such as the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes model (CCR) and Slack-Based Measure model (SBM). . Public higher education is under tremendous pressure worldwide to improve its performance and quality. This paper examines the efficiency scores of 20 public universities in Malaysia using the CCR and SBM. These 20 public universities state as Decision Making Unit (DMU) and DMU will be efficient if and only if the optimal value of efficiency is equal to 1; otherwise, it is inefficient. Three inputs and five outputs are determined to measure the performance of the university through the graduate student’s marketability. The findings show that out of 20 public universities, 11 public universities are efficient with an efficiency score equal to 1. Meanwhile, the remaining nine public universities showed inefficient score results. Suggestions and improvements are identified to improve the efficiency of those universities in the future. To overcome inefficient universities, the use of the SBM model provides recommendations to consider in measuring efficiencies which are the number of postgraduate students enrolled, number of undergraduate students enrolled, and number of academic staff as the inputs and the number of postgraduates, number of undergraduates, number of graduates working, number of graduates who choose to further studies and number of graduates choose to develop skills as the outputs. All the criteria need to consider for the improvement for the universities to be more efficient.

Due to Malaysia's population growth, solid waste production has grown, with each individual producing 1.17 kg of rubbish daily and Malaysia producing an estimated 39,000 tons of garbage daily. The trash produced by households, industry, and trade increases in volume and becomes a key problem if not properly managed. Municipalities or governments must spend more on waste management if it is inefficient need. Nowadays, individuals rely more on their phones for daily chores. A strategy of using mobile apps known as e-Waze is proposed to support the existing waste management system. e-Waze’s primary goal is to enable the public to direct lodging complaints with local authorities regarding waste complaints. To propose a new strategy for enhancing the waste management system to the public, it is necessary to investigate the public's acceptance of the proposed strategy. Therefore, a set of questionnaires has been prepared and delivered to Malaysian via WhatsApp to obtain their opinion on the solid waste management system and their willingness to report improper waste management through the online system. The questionnaire was designed structured style, with both closed and open-ended questions. This survey was conducted using a convenient sampling approach from February 25 until March 19, 2022. As a result, 100 respondents expressed dissatisfaction with their residential area's cleanliness. The respondents reported odours, rats, insects, and rubbish scattered around certain areas. In addition, 277 respondents agreed to use online platforms such as the e-Waze apps to report their waste complaints. Overall, using online technologies such as the e-Waze apps has the potential to be adopted by the public in facilitating the community to sustain the environment effectively.

Presentation of patients in emergency situations can be varied, with confusion being an important management dilemma. Although confusion is usually attributed to neurological conditions, metabolic causes of altered consciousness are important but often overlooked. Moreover, a practical guide for treatment of confusion in patients especially in emergency situations is vital to facilitate prompt management leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study is to design a guidebook for practical approach to patients with confusion due to metabolic conditions. As a result, a guidebook compiling important metabolic causes of confusion, detailing the spectrum of presentation, diagnostic criteria and succinct management algorithms. This novel approach aims to provide medical doctors with a focused and comprehensive guide in dealing with metabolic causes of confusion in a proactive manner as opposed to the traditional reactive method and tailored to local requirements. This guide contains three main metabolic categories: disorders in calcium, sodium and glucose metabolism, with seven subcategories: hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia, hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia, hypoglycaemia, and hyperglycaemic emergencies constituting of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). The innovation facilitating doctors managing patients in a prompt and focused approach is imperative to prevent complications and reduce mortality. This guidebook is a compendium of the more important metabolic derangements leading to confusion, with practical approach to management, aiming to aid health-care workers to recognize and deliver early and prompt treatment of these conditions

In the last few decades, Malaysia has become a global hub for higher education services. Policies and programs have been put in place to improve the higher education system in the country and attract more international students. This development needs to be aligned with an effective dispute resolution framework to ensure the continuous development of the Malaysian higher education sector. The methodology employed in this paper is a doctrinal method based on the nature of the discourse. To examine the relevant higher education concepts and dispute resolution framework, research papers pertinent to the subject were analysed. In addition, relevant legislations were consulted to determine the adequacy of the existing legal framework for dispute resolution in the higher education context in Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to examine the nature of education services and the existing dispute resolution mechanisms in the Malaysian higher education sector. The paper will explore education services as either a "public good" or a "private good" and whether students are consumers in the real sense and have consumer rights. This research establishes that although scholars have often argued as to whether or not students are consumers, in Malaysia and other Asian countries, students are perceived as customers, and therefore, the interest, welfare and satisfaction of students must always be of utmost priority. A thorough study of the existing laws reveals that there is an inadequate provision in the education laws in Malaysia, especially regarding the mechanisms of dispute resolution in its higher education institutions.

Keperluan dalam memastikan kebolehgunaan dan kebolehpercayaan dokwnen digital di mahkamah merupakan salah satu penentu kebolehterimaan dokumen digital sebagai kaedah pembuktian di mahkamah. Oleh itu, bagi mengekalkan keasliannya, dokumen digital perlu dinilai secara betul dengan mengglmakan prosedur khusus supaya bukti tersebut terlindung daripada diceroboh dan diubah lantas memastikan ia diterima sebagai bukti, khususnya di mahkamah sivil. Waiau bagaimanapun, masih tiada kajian yang membincangkan aspek keperluan prosedur operasi standard (SOP) dalam kebolehterimaan dokumen digital di mahkamah sivil walaupun secara umumnya mahkamah sivil telah pun mengguna pakai dokumen digital sebagai bukti seja.k tahun 1950-an. Oleh itu, kajian inia.kan membincangkan kedudukan dokumen digital di mahkamah sivil, enakmen, dan peruntukan berkaitan penggunaannya serta SOP untuk. mengguna.kan dokumen digital sebagai bukti khususnya di mahkamah sivil. K.ajian ini juga mengguna.kan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengumpul data daripada sumber primer dan sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis mengguna.kan kaedah analisis kandungan. K.ajian mendapati bahawa satu SOP tentang penerimaan dokumen digital di mahkamah sivil adalah sangat penting dan sesuai dengan undang­ undang untuk. memastikan bahawa bukti yang dikemukakan adalah sahih dan boleh dipercayai, seperti yang digariskan oleh mahkamah. Hasil kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa ia boleh dijadikan sebagai rujukan oleh para hakim dan pengamal undang-undang sivil untuk. membuat pertimbangan adil terhadap isu berkaitan dengan dokumen digital sebagai salah satu bentuk. kaedah pembuktian khususnya di mahkamah sivil. ABSTRACT The need to ensure the usability and reliability of digital documents in court isoneofthedeterminants intheadmissibility ofdigital documents as a method of proof in court. Therefore, in order to maintain its authenticity, digital documents must be evaluated in the right way to protect evidence from being tampered with and altered through specific procedures to ensure that they can be accepted as evidence, especially in civil courts. However, there are no specific studies asyet that discuss the requirements of standard operatingprocedure (SOP) in the admissibility of digital documents in civil courts; even though generally, the civil courts have been adopting digital documents as a method ofproof since the 1950s. Thispaper examines theposition of digital documents in civil courts, the enactments and provisions relating to their use including SOPsfor the use of digital documents as evidence, particularly in civil courts. Qualitative methods were used to collect datafrom primary and secondary sources, which were then analyzed using content analysis. The results of the studyfound that SOP is important in the admissibility of digital documents by the civil courts, to verify thatproof submitted to the court is genuine and accurate in accordance with the guidelines of the court. The results also show that this study can be used as referencefor judges and civil lawpractitioners to makefair judgements on issues related to digital documents as aform ofproof method especially in civil courts.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with many complications, necessitating the need for effective long-term control of this condition. Diabetes self-management is an important aspect of management, and dissemination of information through peer-support groups can improve positive behaviour pattern in self-management. At this moment, a practical peer-support group for diabetic patients in Malaysia is currently not available, but is a critical requirement in improving patient education and self-empowerment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide comprehensive knowledge to influencers regarding diabetes and its complications, as well as aiming to equip the influencers with confidence and skills to disseminate this knowledge to a larger group of patients with DM. An Innovative Program was introduced - A novel diabetes peer support patient education program designed to impart knowledge in an engaging manner. This program was divided into five main modules, each covering the more important aspects of diabetes, with specific targeted learning outcomes. Module 1 introduced the program, followed by a talk on motivational skills, and interactive lecture on important aspects of diabetes. Module 2 focused on more specific DM treatment, with hands-on experience followed by a session on exercise with certain techniques demonstration. Module 3 concentrated on complications of DM with lecturers, case-based scenario and experience-sharing, and ended with interactive games. Module 4 emphasized on healthy food choices in DM, with quizzes and cooking demonstration. Module 5 consolidated information provided during the program, followed by a session on psychological aspects of diabetes with role-play, and ended with a goal-setting activity. This program provided comprehensive information on diabetes and its management, and equipped influencers with the ability to disseminate the knowledge, aiming to improve patient self- management and empowerment in controlling diabetes, hence has a huge impact in reducing complications and co-morbidities associated with DM.

This study aimed to investigate factors that influence consumer purchase decision in Malaysian single-priced stores, which are also popularly known as RM2 stores. The study considered six factors that could affect purchase decision in RM2 stores, namely, corporate social responsibility (CSR), sales promotion, social media marketing, perceived value, store environment, and service quality. A quantitative research methodology was employed through a survey using questionnaires administered to 550 customers of the RM2 stores. The data gathered was then analysed through SPSS method to calculate the validity and reliability of the measurement items and to verify the impact of six independent variables on purchase decision. Based on the results, CSR, sales promotion, perceived value, and service quality had significant positive effects on purchase decision, while social media marketing and store environment proved to be insignificant. Among all the factors, perceived value had the strongest influence on purchase decision. The findings are important in assisting RM2 store retailers to understand the factors that affect consumer purchase decision which could help in improving sales. This study complements the current literature and addresses existing research gaps with regard to the linkages between factors that influence consumer purchase decision in Malaysian single-priced stores.

Kajian ini bertujuan menghuraikan penyebaran kata ganti nama (KGN) dialek Melayu Terengganu khususnya berdasarkan analisis geolinguistik. Usaha ini menyumbangkan penelitian terhadap warisan dialek Melayu dengan memberikan huraian KGN secara tuntas. Kajian ini memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi Geographic Information System (GIS) bagi membantu menghuraikan penyebaran dialek ini dengan mensinergikan faktor linguistik dan bukan linguistik. Seramai 500 orang yang terdiri daripada warga tua, dewasa dan remaja telah dipilih sebagai responden. Kaedah penyelidikan menggunakan soal selidik dan temu ramah bagi mendapatkan sebutan responden yang tepat. Kesemua data yang ditranskripsi dirakamkan dalam MsExcel sebelum dimasukkan dalam ArcGis bagi mendapatkan peta taburannya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan wujud pengaruh dialek Kelantan di Terengganu di samping keunikan KGN di Hulu Terengganu. Pemetaan menggunakan koropletmenghasilkan peta yang jelas titik isoglos untuk penggunaan KGN yang dikaji. Kajian menggunakan GIS terbukti memberikan impak positif kepada kajian dialek dan seterusnya menjadikan kajian ini lebih dinamik dan saintifik

Pemakaian Arahan Amalan membantu pelaksanaan sulh di Mahkamah Syariah pada penyediaan proses kerja bermula daripada pendaftaran kes hingga perintah penghakiman persetujuan dikeluarkan. Kajian ini meneliti kedudukan dan pemakaian Arahan Amalan dalam pelaksanaan sulh dalam kes-kes hartanah di Mahkamah Syariah. Data kajian ini terdiri daripada sumber primer seperti statut, Arahan-Arahan Amalan, penghakiman kes-kes, temubual dan sumber sekunder seperti penulisan di dalam artikel jurnal dan buku. Analisis kandungan secara deskriptif digunakan bagi menganalisis data-data yang telah dikumpulkan. Kajian ini mendapati pemakaian Arahan Amalan menyediakan garis panduan kepada pegawai sulh dan hakim syarie menjalankan tugas mereka secara berkesan. Namun melalui analisis penghakiman kes yang diputuskan, Arahan Amalan ke arah pemerkasaan pelaksanaan sulh khususnya dalam penyelesaian kes hartanah masih perlu ditambah baik dalam mendepani cabaran semasa, isu perundangan dan pentadbiran. Implikasi kajian ini dapat memantapkan aspek proses penghakiman dan pengurusan kes dalam Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia. ABSTRACT The application of practice directions assists the implementation of sulh in the Syariah Courts in the preparation of work processes starting from case registration until the issuance of consent judgement order. This study examined the position and application of practice directions in the implementation of sulh with regard to real estate in the Syariah Courts. The data of this study was based on primary sources such as statutes, practice directions, judgement of cases, interviews and secondary sources such as journal articles and books. Descriptive content analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study found that the application of practice directions serves as guidelines for sulh officers and syarie judges to conduct their duties effectively. Despite this, by using content analysis of the case decided, it was found that practice directions in empowering sulh implementation needs to be improved to deal with current challenges, including legal and administrative issues. The implications of this study can help strengthen aspects of judgement and case management processes in the Malaysian Syariah Courts.

Even though equality has been described as a simple concept, its meanings and principles have not been properly understood by the public. Similar treatment might not have a value of neutrality because, once the right to equality is related to and enforced by laws, its objectivity and impartiality can be challenged. The Malaysian government is making progress towards a safer and more equal environment for women and girls following the proposed new or amended legislation. These includes the anti-stalking law, the Sexual Harassment Act, and ending child marriage. Furthermore, the establishment of a Select Committee on Rights and Gender Equality in Parliament have been considered as a good step forward for equality. Indeed, implementation of policies such as childcare facilities in government offices as well as encouraging the private sector to follow suit are good moves towards creating more opportunities and encouraging the participation of women in the workforce. This paper explores the conceptual understanding of ‘equality’ globally and from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. This reflection is in line with Islamic belief that needs to reform the understanding of society based on the suggestion of Al-Quran and Islamic scholars. With this interpretation, this paper will explore Malaysia’s progress in empowering women and gender equality. Finally, this paper will suggest a way forward for Malaysia to empower women that have been marginalized and subordinated.

This article describes the Arabic works on Tarannum art. The sources of traditional texts in this field of study are in deed very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore new books related to tarannum art. The design of this study is a library study using document analysis method. The findings show that there are twenty one works related to tarannum knowledge in Arabic published by various publishers. This study summarizes all the books as well as provides some highlights on the biography of reciters including life history, education, experience, recording and reading techniques.

Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments is one of the hot topics discussing in intensive care unit as most of the death occurs as a result of it. This point of transition from active intervention to the palliation process required a crucial decision-making process. The decision conveys information to families to be well prepared beforehand especially during the process of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Once the final decision to withdraw the treatment has been made, procedure of cessation of care, treatment withdrawal and nature of follow-up support will be informed to the family members. This article aims to explore the relationship between decision in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on Malaysian intensive care unit protocol and the related fatwa in Malaysia. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. This study reveals the decision for withholding and withdrawal life sustaining treatment in intensive care unit has correlation between the protocol and related fatwa in Malaysia.

The arrivals and protracted presence of asylum seekers and refugees in Malaysia have been met with policies largely shaped by humanitarian approaches leading to inconsistent responses and impasse in achieving durable solutions to refugee dilemmas. This qualitative study using the method of desk review of materials such as books, journals and newspaper articles identifies the human rights protection framework for asylum seekers and refugees and the problematic implications and challenges for both refugees and the host country, Malaysia, due to the absence of a formal refugee protection framework at the national level. Despite gaps in and outdated nature of the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, it calls for refugee legal protections to be based on a legal and governance framework rather than non-binding aspirations and ad hoc approaches. The latter has proved adverse to both the interests of the host state and refugee communities. The findings indicate that the impacts on denial and violation of the rights and protections of refugees across political, social and economic terrains are accompanied by risks to Malaysia’s public security and interests. The study concludes with several early recommendations on the need to firstly recognise the legal status of refugees in Malaysia and the urgency to design an adequate protection and governance framework complemented with a system of shared responsibility to protect and manage refugees who have been in protracted limbo for an average of 20 years, if not more, without durable solutions to their plight.

Sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan sektor yang sangat penting dalam industri pertanian dan merupakan penyumbang terpenting kepada ekonomi Malaysia. Namun begitu, isu tenaga buruh di sektor ini sering diperkatakan kerana masih berintensif buruh. Penyertaan golongan belia dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit adalah kurang memberangsangkan berbanding sektor lain walaupun sektor ini menawarkan peluang pekerjaan yang lebih luas. Oleh sebab itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti golongan belia yang lebih bersedia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit berdasarkan faktor demografi mereka. Borang soal selidik digunakan bagi mengumpul data daripada responden yang terdiri daripada golongan belia berusia 18 hingga 35 tahun. Seramai 724 orang responden yang telah menjawab soal selidik ini mewakili setiap negeri di Malaysia. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis faktor dan model regresi logistik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor jantina, bangsa, tempat tinggal, pengalaman, dan penglibatan ahli keluarga dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan faktor yang menyumbang kepada kesediaan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor tersebut. Faktor gaji, faedah, persekitaran kerja dan keselamatan perlu ditambah baik bagi menarik lagi minat golongan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam industri pertanian negara khususnya di sektor perladangan kelapa sawit. The oil palm plantation sector is a very important sector in the agricultural industry and is a major contributor to the Malaysian economy. However, the issue of labour in this sector is often addressed as it is labour-intensive. The participation of youths in the oil palm plantation sector is less favourable than the other sector although it offers greater employment opportunities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify youths who are better prepared to participate in the oil palm plantation sector based on their demographic factors. The questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents in the age range of 18 to 35 years. A total of 724 respondents answered this questionnaire representing each state in Malaysia. The data collected were analysed using the factor analysis method and logistic regression model. The results show that the gender, race, residence, experience and involvement of family members in the oil palm plantation sector are factors contributing to youths’ readiness to participate in the sector. Factors such as salary, benefits, work environment and safety factors need to be improved to attract more youths to participate in the agricultural industry, especially in the oil palm plantation sector. Keywords: Youth, labour force, oil palm, demographic factors, logistic regression.

The Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) which has a tendency towards Islam, but secular concurrently raises a question: what is the identity of the AKP? To date, this question is still being debated although generally, AKP has frequently been denoted as a party with an Islamic aspiration. Hence, this paper aims to revisit the identity of the AKP based on the framework of Islamic political movement. This paper fully adopted library research by examining sources related to the scope of the discussion. Ideologically, AKP makes conservative democracy as its ideology by harmonizing between conservative and liberal democratic values. The party also adheres to the secularism discourse although it meets almost all the characteristics of Islamic political movement for the Turkish context. Besides, it was found that the AKP has sided to religious interests in few issues. At the same time, AKP also has been resisted by military as the guardian of secular principle. This paper argues that the AKP is a party of its own identity, where it upholds the liberal version of secularism and tends to create an accommodative atmosphere for free religious practice. Finally, this paper offers some recommendations that can be considered for future studies.

Today, people use social media for communicating and browsing the internet during their spare time. Additionally, people are using social media as a means of leisure during their free time. When Facebook launched its Facebook Live streaming application in 2016, the phenomenon created new opportunities for marketers. Recently, Facebook Live streaming is getting popular among companies in promoting their products and services. This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumers’ purchase intention using Facebook Live streaming. The dependent variable of this study is the purchase intention whereas the independent variable is the attitude towards the broadcasters, interactivity, peer influence, perceived risk and product quality. There were 200 Generation Y respondents from whom information was collected via Facebook using a questionnaire. The result of the study showed that attitude and peer influence affect the consumer purchase intention when watching Facebook Live. This study gives marketers insight into improving their strategies in influencing consumer purchase intention when using Facebook Live streaming.

Pandemik COVID-19 2019-20 secara global berpunca daripada sindrom pernafasan akut teruk koronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Wabak ini pada mulanya dikesan di pertengahan Disember 2019 di Bandaraya Wuhan, Hubei China dan telah diiktiraf sebagai pandemik oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) pada 11 Mac 2020. Secara umumnya, pandemik COVID-19 boleh membawa maut kepada penghidapnya dan hingga ke saat ini, pakar perubatan belum menemui ubat atau rawatan secara spesifik kepada pesakit COVID-19. Walaubagaimanapun, kajian mengenai kesan hibah yang dibuat bagi pesakit COVID-19 masih belum dijalankan secara terperinci. Justeru, kajian ini akan membincangkan mengenai konsep maradh al-mawt menurut fiqh dan perubatan. Penjelasan turut dibuat mengenai status penghidap COVID-19 kategori penyakit terminal atau maradh al-mawt menurut fiqh diikuti beberapa kes yang pernah dilaporkan berkenaan marad al-mawt. Akhir sekali, penulis juga turut menjelaskan mengenai hukum perlaksanaan hibah dalam situasi maradh al-mawt. Kata Kunci: hibah, maradh al-mawt, terminal, pandemik, COVID-19

Sulh telah berperanan di dalam menyelesaikan pertikaian pihak-pihak di dalam kes tuntutan harta sepencarian di Mahkamah Syariah. Berpandukan kepada perundangan dan Arahan Amalan, kes tuntutan harta sepencarian diagihkan terlebih dahulu untuk tindakan Pegawai Sulh sebelum melalui prosiding litigasi sekiranya Majlis Sulh menemui kegagalan.Keterhadan bidangkuasa Mahkamah Syariah dalam pentadbiran tanah menjadikan proses sulh suatu tugas yang mencabar. Kajian ini mengkaji pendekatan dan isu-isu pelaksanaan sulh di dalam penyelesaian kes tuntutan harta sepencarian melibatkan hartanah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif melalui metode dokumentasi dan temu bual di dalam pengumpulan data. Analisis kandungan secara deskriptif digunakan bagi menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan dan penghakimanbagi kes-kes yang telah dilaporkan dan tidak dilaporkan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa sulh telah berjaya membantu mahkamah di dalam mempercepatkan kes tuntutan harta sepencarian bergantung kepadakomitmen dan kemahiran pegawai-pegawai sulh di dalam mengendalikannya serta kerjasama pihak-pihak. Pelbagai pendekatan telah diambil bagi penyelesaian kes tuntutan harta sepencarian melibatkan hartanah mengikut persetujuan pihak-pihak dan status hartanah yang berkaitan. Namun,penyelesaian tersebut adalah masih tertaklukkepada hukum syarak dan undang-undang. Kajian ini menjadi asas kepada Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia (JKSM) bagi pemantapanpelaksanaansulhsedia ada dan penyediaan garis panduan yang seragam bagi pelaksanaan sulh yang berkesan di seluruh Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia.

Malaysia has agreed that all men and women are accorded equal right to citizenship under the Federal Constitution. Article 14 (1) (b) and Part II of the Second Schedule of the Federal Constitution provide for citizenship by operation of law for every person born outside Malaysia whose father is at the time of the birth a citizen of Malaysia. However, a Malaysian woman can apply for her child to be registered as a citizen under Article 15(2) of the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the Government has enhanced the implementation of Article 15(2) by way of an interim administrative procedure that was implemented on 1 June 2010 and applies to children born overseas after 1 January 2010 to Malaysian women who are married to foreigners. The core analysis in this article is to examine whether Malaysian laws on women and their children’s rights to citizenship is harmonious with the Women’s Convention. We analyse whether Malaysia has taken all appropriate measures, including laws, policies, administrative decisions and programmes, to eliminate women’s disadvantages based on the principal areas of concern and recommendations of the CEDAW in the concluding comments made against Malaysia following the list of issues and questions in relation to the combined third to fifth periodic reports of Malaysia following the Sixty-Ninth Session in Geneva from 19 February to 9 March 2018 and the application of equality informed by the Women’s Convention.

Management is a tool to improve quality of work and its relationship with the success of organisation therefore very fundamental. It begins with the power system, process of planning, prosedure and rules which can provide excellent contribution to the organization. This article will discuss some basic principle of management to improve the quality of work performance according to Islamic perspective. These fundamental principles include values such as insaniyyah (humanity), tawhīd (unity), shūra (consultation) and istiqamah (steadfastness) in every action. It emphasises on attaining spiritual success through deligence in work of excellence. It means to get the best quality of work through both spiritual and material satisfaction whether by the employer and also the employee. This paper also discusses other elements that contribute to improve quality of work in Islamic perspective in order to achieve organisational success such as al-niyyah (having purpose), amanah (integrity), time management, cadl (justice/balance) and tacāwun (cooperation). Highly committed employee who combined all these elements will make great contribution to the organisation. Therefore, it is significant to stress the relevant relationship between all elements with quality of work within the Islamic perspective. Some elements which differentiates Islamic management with conventional management in general were also discussed in comparative manner to highlight the benefits of Islamic management to the overall well being of the employer and the employee as well as the organisation as a whole.

Medical treatment by Muslim doctors will sometimes be influenced by Islamic law and ethics rather than solely medical consideration. Muslim patient’s sometimes need reassurance that modern medicine that offered to them is also acceptable by Islamic law. Orthognathic deformities are condition which associated with discrepancies of the jaw. These deformities resulted from different rates of growth of the maxilla, the mandible or both. Performing cosmetic surgery seems to change the creation of Allah and the original law of changing Allah’s creation is prohibited. In assessing the orthognathic surgery law for patients with this dentofacial defect, the researcher found that the main issues that need to be investigated are the difficulties existed (Masyaqqah) and the level of patient harm in addition to the intention or purpose of performing orthognathic surgery. However, according to the principles of the Islamic jurisprudence, orthognathic surgery is permitted based on the principles such as ad-darar yuzal, al-musyaqqah tajlibu al-taisir, al-darurat tuqaddiru biqadaruha, irtikab akhaf al-dhararain, al-darurat tubihu mahzurat and al-umur bimaqasidiha. Orthognathic surgery can be done because the purpose is to treat defects and restore function. This objective is very consistent with the fiqh rules that stated, every harm and distress should be eliminated.

This study used the theory of planned behavior to examine the relationship between internal auditors’ behavioral factors and intention to evaluate enterprise risk management (ERM) effectiveness of Malaysian statutory bodies. Unlike prior literature, this study also included a test on individual attitude towards risk in addition to attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Analysis on 108 received responses showed that subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had positive relationships with the intention to assess ERM effectiveness. Nevertheless, the influence of attitude was not substantiated. The results imply that attitude is not an important factor when individuals do not have total process ownership. Managers of statutory bodies and heads of internal audit departments need to shape internal auditor behavior by instituting social and administrative norms and instilling a positive perception about the ability to perform tasks within the organization. This study also shows that individuals have no total ownership in a process, thus focusing efforts on shaping individual attitude is not practical. This issue is critical because successful ERM implementation depends on internal auditors’ intention to evaluate its effectiveness. An effective ERM can reduce the risks of waste, inefficiencies, corruption, malpractices, and public–private partnerships associated with the public sector.

Abstract in English: Nowadays, research and production of new food products based on genetic engineering technology are carried out to give benefit to the community. However, the production of food products through this technology has raised concerns in the determination of the legal status and the safety of the food products to be eaten by the consumer. Therefore, this article discusses genetically modified food (GMF) in the concept of halalan toyyiban based on the evaluation of maqasid hifz an nafs. This article uses qualitative design through the documentation study method by comparing and analyzing important information from selected sources such as al-Quran, fiqh books, scientific articles, fatwas, and journals from previous research. The results obtained showed that the GMF products are considered to meet the halalan toyyiban concept if the products follow the six principles in the concept which are halal, healthy, accepted by fitrah, safe, clean, and free from syubhah. This study also found that GMF products can be evaluated through three main maslahah (benefit) in maqasid syariah which is dharuriyyat (necessity), hajiyyat (will), and tahsiniyyat (perfection). Abstract in Bahasa Malaysia: Pada masa kini, penyelidikan serta penghasilan produk makanan baru yang berasaskan teknologi kejuruteraan genetik dilaksanakan bagi memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat. Namun, penghasilan makanan melalui teknologi ini secara tidak langsung telah menimbulkan kemusykilan dalam penentuan status hukum dan keselamatan produk makanan yang akan dimakan oleh pengguna. Oleh itu, artikel ini membincangkan mengenai produk makanan ubah suai genetik (GMF) dalam konsep halalan toyyiban berlandaskan penilaian maqasid hifz an nafs. Artikel ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif iaitu melalui kaedah kajian dokumentasi dengan membandingkan serta menganalisis maklumat penting daripada sumber yang dipilih seperti kitab suci al-Quran, kitab-kitab fiqh, artikel-artikel ilmiah, fatwa-fatwa serta jurnal dari penyelidikan terdahulu. Hasil kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan produk GMF dianggap menepati konsep halalan toyyiban sekiranya ia mengikut keenam-enam prinsip konsep tersebut iaitu prinsip halal, berkhasiat, diterima fitrah jiwa sejahtera, selamat, bersih dan bebas syubhah. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa produk GMF dapat dinilai melalui tiga maslahah utama dalam maqasid syariah iaitu dharuriyyat (keperluan), hajiyyat(kehendak) dan tahsiniyyat (kesempurnaan).

Tujuan - Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menerokai proses dan kaedah pembelajaran tahfiz dalam kalangan murid di sekolah menengah agama kerajaan di Malaysia. Kajian lampau menunjukkan terdapat masalah pencapaian hafazan dalam kalangan murid tahfiz berpunca daripada kelemahan memilih kaedah pembelajaran yang sesuai. Metodologi - Pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah kajian kes dipilih kerana ia dapat meneroka secara terperinci kes atau fenomena yang khusus iaitu proses dan kaedah pembelajaran tahfiz yang digunakan oleh murid. Teknik persampelan bertujuan digunakan bagi memilih peserta kajian yang dapat menjawab persoalan kajian. Seramai 12 orang murid terlibat sebagai peserta kajian dan disokong dengan data daripada enam orang guru. Temu bual mendalam secara individu merupakan kaedah pengumpulan data bagi mendapatkan pandangan dan pengalaman peserta kajian tentang proses dan kaedah pembelajaran tahfiz. Dapatan - Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kaedah pembelajaran tahfiz yang digunakan oleh peserta kajian merangkumi enam kaedah; kaedah membaca, pengulangan, penguasaan hukum tajwid, penggunaan satu mushaf khas, kaedah kefahaman dan kaedah penulisan. Manakala proses pembelajaran tahfiz berdasarkan dapatan menunjukkan peserta kajian memberi tumpuan kepada empat aspek iaitu disiplin daripada pengurusan masa, aspek pemilihan tempat, pemilihan masa serta aspek kelas bimbingan. Kepentingan - Kajian ini memberi implikasi penting kepada pihak yang membangunkan sekolah aliran tahfiz, pihak sekolah dan guru tahfiz. Hal ini penting bagi mereka untuk memberi fokus kepada proses dan kaedah pembelajaran yang sesuai, berkesan dan menekankan aspek kefahaman dan hafazan. Kedua-dua aspek tersebut penting bagi membantu pencapaian hafazan khususnya murid yang berada di sekolah menengah agama kerajaan di Malaysia.

E-kemahiran merupakan salah satu aset penting yang perlu ada pada setiap graduan yang bakal memasuki dunia pekerjaan. Ini seiring dengan cabaran dan keperluan bagi mengguna pakai teknologi terkini dalam pengurusan dan operasi di industri akibat daripada letusan revolusi industri 4.0 (IR4.0). Ini kerana IR4.0 memerlukan tenaga kerja berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran sebagai penggerak utamanya. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan kajian kes penguasaan e-kemahiran yang telah dijalankan ke atas sekumpulan pelajar tahun akhir di Universiti Utara Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pelajar amat sedar akan kepentingan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT) dalam pembelajaran dan kerjaya mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, ujian praktikal yang dijalankan menunjukkan tahap penguasaan ICT pelajar masih di peringkat sederhana. Justeru, pelajar perlu mengenal pasti kelemahan mereka dan meningkatkan kemahiran sebelum memasuki pasaran kerja.

The role of corporate brand image in influencing the survival of companies has never been underestimated. Because of this, this study intends to examine the antecedents and the consequence of corporate brand image towards customer behaviour. A model proposing firms and non-firms communication as the antecedents and loyalty as the consequence was proposed. One hundred and sixty-eight (168) questionnaires were collected and data was analysed based on the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The result of the study revealed that both firm and non-firm communication play a significant role in shaping the corporate brand image of an Islamic bank, especially in Malaysia. Corporate brand image on the other hand was also found to influence customers’ loyalty. These findings have broadened the understanding of the corporate brand image’s antecedents and the consequence also shows the importance of managing the Islamic bank corporate communication.

The right to water has passed through many steps until it has received a full legal adoption in the international human rights law and international water law. However, there are many parties which feel that the right to water should not stand on its own as it complicates the present legal framework for international human rights. This paper examined, based on qualitative research approach, several impediments in legislating water as a human right within the purview of relevant international human rights conventions, taking into account the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals No. 3: Good Health and Well-being and Goal No. 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. The study indicates that human rights notions have been gaining influential rule in international water law, notably human right to water, which has been recognized by the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council (HRC). This study however concludes that despite efforts to deny the legal basis of the right to water as one of the soft law, this right remains as a basic human right and should be respected by all countries.

The right to water has passed through many steps until it has received a full legal adoption in the international human rights law and international water law. However, there are many parties which feel that the right to water should not stand on its own as it complicates the present legal framework for international human rights. This paper examined, based on qualitative research approach, several impediments in legislating water as a human right within the purview of relevant international human rights conventions, taking into account the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals No. 3: Good Health and Well-being and Goal No. 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. The study indicates that human rights notions have been gaining influential rule in international water law, notably human right to water, which has been recognized by the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council (HRC). This study however concludes that despite efforts to deny the legal basis of the right to water as one of the soft law, this right remains as a basic human right and should be respected by all countries.

لا شك أنَّ تنÙيذ الأحكام الأجنبية الصادرة ضد الأشخاص الخاصة يختل٠عن تنÙيذ الأحكام الصادرة ضد دول من الدول، إذ ليس من السهل إجبار دولة على الخضوع لأحكام دولة أخرى أو حتى التنÙيذ جبراً عليها ÙÙŠ ما يتعلق بتنÙيذ الأحكام الأجنبية، لما ÙÙŠ ذلك من إنتهاك لسيادة الدول واستقلالها. ولحساسية الموضوع ولتعلقه بسيادة واستقلال الدول، ظهر نوع من المجاملة ÙÙŠ المجتمع الدولي تطور إلى أنْ أصبح مبدأ من مبادئ القانون الدولي، وأخذت به الكثير من الاتÙاقيات الدولية المتعلقة بتنÙيذ الأحكام الأجنبية. وبموجب هذا المبدأ أصبحت الدول تتمتع بحصانة ضد إجراءات التنÙيذ لا يمكن معها اتخاذ أي إجراء من إجراءات التنÙيذ ضدها إلا برضاها. وتظهر مشكلة البحث جليا ÙÙŠ الأثر السلبي لهذه الحصانة على تنÙيذ الأحكام، Ùهي حق من حقوق الدولة لا يمكن إنكاره، إلّا أنَّ هذا الحق يتعارض مع حقوق أخرى تتعلق بحق صاحب الحكم الأجنبي ÙÙŠ تنÙيذ حكمه، كما أنَّها تتعارض مع مقتضيات العدالة، كونها تمنع تنÙيذ الأحكام التي صدرت صحيحة عن محاكمة قبلت الدولة أنْ تكون طرÙا Ùيها. ويهد٠الباحث وباستخدام المنهج المقارن، إلى بيان ماهية الحصانة التنÙيذية وبيان مجال الدÙع بها، وكي٠يتم التنازل عنها، من خلال المقارنة بين بعض الاتÙاقيات التي عالجت هذه الموضوع Ùضلا عن التطبيقات القضائية والآراء الÙقهية إنْ وجدت. وقد توصل الباحث إلى أنَّ الحصانة التنÙيذية باتت حصانة نسبية تشمل Ùقط الأموال العامة أو السيادية غير التجارية، أما الأموال التجارية للدولة Ùيجوز التنÙيذ عليها بكاÙØ© طرق التنÙيذ، كما أنَّ هذه الحصانة ميزة للدولة ويمكن التنازل عنها وبالتالي تصبح كل أموال الدولة قابلة للتنÙيذ والحجز.

Islamic banking institutions are different from their conventional counterparts as they incorporate religious and spiritual values in their operations. Despite this significant difference, few studies have investigated this spiritual aspect especially from the perspective of the brand. The main purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the spiritual brand attribute of Islamic banks. Based on the result of the interviews and review of literature, 28 items were proposed and analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 14 items remain on the final scale classified in three dimensions which are beliefs, ethics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The new brand attribute scale is different from the existing scale as it focuses mainly on the spiritual and religious aspect incorporated into the Islamic banking brand.

Islam stressed on the importance of a valid marriage. If a marriage does not comply its requirement and conditions according to Shariah, it will raise negative implications not only on the status of the marriage, but also it will effect the status of the child. Hence, the marriage must be separated. Generally, the Muslim scholars define faraq as separation or dissolution of marriage through talaq or otherwise. However, according to Islamic law in Malaysia, faraq is not a dissolution of marriage via talaq, but it is an annulment of marriage due to non-fulfillment of terms and conditions which laid down by Shariah. In context of abiding the conditions and terms to marriage, having a wali is one of the conditions in solemnization of a valid marriage. Marriage which is solemnized by a non-qualified wali such as in cases of illegitimate children will cause the marriage to be separated. Data in this article is obtained from the reported cases tried in the Shariah Courts in Negeri Sembilan. Interviews were conducted with those legal practitioners such as syaria lawyers, religious officers, and judges from Shariah Courts in Negeri Sembilan who deal directly with faraq cases.

Sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan sektor yang sangat penting dalam industri pertanian dan merupakan penyumbang terpenting kepada ekonomi Malaysia. Namun begitu, isu tenaga buruh di sektor ini sering diperkatakan kerana masih berintensif buruh. Penyertaan golongan belia dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit adalah kurang memberangsangkan berbanding sektor lain walaupun sektor ini menawarkan peluang pekerjaan yang lebih luas. Oleh sebab itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti golongan belia yang lebih bersedia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit berdasarkan faktor demografi mereka. Borang soal selidik digunakan bagi mengumpul data daripada responden yang terdiri daripada golongan belia berusia 18 hingga 35 tahun. Seramai 724 orang responden yang telah menjawab soal selidik ini mewakili setiap negeri di Malaysia. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis faktor dan model regresi logistik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor jantina, bangsa, tempat tinggal, pengalaman, dan penglibatan ahli keluarga dalam sektor perladangan kelapa sawit merupakan faktor yang menyumbang kepada kesediaan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam sektor tersebut. Faktor gaji, faedah, persekitaran kerja dan keselamatan perlu ditambah baik bagi menarik lagi minat golongan belia untuk melibatkan diri dalam industri pertanian negara khususnya di sektor perladangan kelapa sawit. Abstract The oil palm plantation sector is a very important sector in the agricultural industry and is a major contributor to the Malaysian economy. However, the issue of labour in this sector is often addressed as it is labour-intensive. The participation of youths in the oil palm plantation sector is less favourable than the other sector although it offers greater employment opportunities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify youths who are better prepared to participate in the oil palm plantation sector based on their demographic factors. The questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents in the age range of 18 to 35 years. A total of 724 respondents answered this questionnaire representing each state in Malaysia. The data collected were analysed using the factor analysis method and logistic regression model. The results show that the gender, race, residence, experience and involvement of family members in the oil palm plantation sector are factors contributing to youths’ readiness to participate in the sector. Factors such as salary, benefits, work environment and safety factors need to be improved to attract more youths to participate in the agricultural industry, especially in the oil palm plantation sector. Keywords: Youth, labour force, oil palm, demographic factors, logistic regression

Kejuruteraan genetik dan teknologi rekombinan merupakan penemuan penting yang telah memacu perkembangan pesat dalam bidang bioteknologi moden terutamanya dalam penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D). Walaupun begitu, perkembangan tersebut menimbulkan isu dan persoalan agama serta etika khususnya melibatkan teknik pembiakan buatan, pemindahan organ, pengklonan dan kejuruteraan genetik itu sendiri. Isu etika sering ditekankan dalam pelbagai cabang ilmu dan memainkan peranan sangat penting dalam sistem hidup manusia serta berkait rapat dengan agama. Oleh yang demikian, penulisan kertas kerja ini bertujuan mendedahkan berkaitan Projek Genom Manusia (PGM) dan isu-isu genetik manusia yang timbul dari perspektif sains dan Islam seperti Teori Evolusi Darwin, PGM, pengklonan manusia dan eugenik. Akhirnya, isu-isu yang timbul dari aplikasi teknologi genetik manusia perlu ditangani dengan sebaik mungkin melalui etika sains serta diintegrasikan dengan ajaran Islam supaya segala pencapaian bidang ini tidak merosakkan alam dan populasi manusia seterusnya menjadikan kehidupan manusia lebih baik dan kondusif dari semasa ke semasa.