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The purpose of this comprehensive review is to discuss the issues that pre-university students often face when writing essays and to propose an alternative approach to implementing the teaching of essay writing such as the use of thinking maps. The focus of this study is to look at the writing status of pre-university in Malaysia as well as the suggestions proposed by researchers through the articles highlighted. Highlights of the study found that one of the key issues that hindered pre-university students from writing essays was the failure of students to master the writing skills and the choice of teacher teaching strategies. In addition, it also indicated that both of these issues have caused students failure to perform well in essay writing. The study also suggests the use of thinking maps in the teaching and learning process of writing essays. Thinking maps are also effective in helping and enhancing students ‘achievement in essay writing. The implications of the study indicate that pre-university students are facing difficulty in producing high-quality essays and that the use of thinking maps can be used as support materials to help students write good essays.

Difference of views in understanding the idea of Islamic literature and criticism involves two different cultures often occur in the field of comparative literature world. Yet despite the differences and inequalities, still no agreement reached involving key issues in the discussion of the concept of Islamic literature. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the previous studies related to the ideas, theories and principles of Islamic literature, the examples of comparative literature study and leaders thought. Analysis of the literature is conducted to find justification for the study and comparison of ideas on the need of dismantling the Islamic literature involving two selected leaders, Sayyid Sayyid `Abd al-Raziq and Mohd Affandi Hassan. This is a qualitative study based on applied content analysis method. This literature review finds that the application of this comparative study is able to find the special formula in identifying similarities and differences in the concept of Islamic literature and criticism involving the two leaders while providing enlightenment to the players in this field.

The poets of opposites poems take their knowledge from multi-springs of knowledge. So, the direction of Islamic values were added to the knowledge that take from the past and its literature, and from present Islam and its acquaintances, so the poetic culture was colored with the color of the culture which they take. It was the way for the best poets to serve their purpose and to deliver their messages. There is no doubt that the Quran was afar distance of both recipient and poet for his eloquence this type of poem has been associated with the name of obscenity because of the large number insults and exposure of the taboos. This article came to reveal the relationship between the poetic text and the Quranic text in the poem of the three Umayyad poets and to wipe the dust of obscenity which knighted him and to identify the impact of the holy Quran upon its simple, compound and inspiration system and address the extent of correlation of poetic text and overlap with the Holy Quran.

The incidence of close-range firearm shootings on fishing vessels in Malaysia has been increasing every year. The challenge faced by law enforcement agencies is to demonstrate how these shooting crimes are carried out. To address this problem, a model of shooting angles and ricochets within a confined space needs to be constructed. This study examines the effects of shooting with the CZ 75 SP-01 Shadow semi-automatic pistol, manufactured by the Czech Republic, using 9mm FMJ bullets weighing 7.45 grams on three types of wood commonly used in fishing vessel construction: Resak, Seraya, and Balau. The factors of shooting distance (1, 3, 5, and 10 meters), shooting angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°), ricochet angles, and the type of wood material (Resak, Seraya, and Balau) are investigated. The results indicate that only 114 out of 432 shots resulted in ricochets. Shots on Resak wood produced several bullet ricochets at shooting angles of 15° and 30° and a distance of 1 meter. An equation model relating ricochet angles and successful shots was developed. For Seraya wood, only a few ricochets were observed at a shooting angle of 15° and a distance of 1 meter, and statistical tests showed that an equation model could not be constructed. For Balau wood, an equation model relating ricochet angles and shooting distance was successfully established. Validation tests on the Resak and Balau wood models showed that the Resak model achieved an accuracy of 90%. However, the Balau wood model did not yield any reliable results and thus cannot be trusted. In conclusion, the three factors examined are insufficient to explain bullet ricochet occurrences when shooting is performed at close range in an enclosed space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital is imperative for Islamic banks given their unique characterisctiscs in that they offer innovative Shariah-based solutions to the modern financial problems. This study therefore examined the influence of corporate goverance on intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices of Islamic banks. Data from a sample of 33 Islamic banks for the period 2012 to 2018 were collected. A self-developed ICD checklist was used to measure the extent of IC information disclosed in the annual report. This paper also examines the relationship between ICD practices and several corporate governance components which includes board size, board meeting, board independence, board gender, board expertise, audit committee size, audit committee meeting, audit committee independence, audit committee gender and audit committee expertise. Our results revealed that having an effective corporate governance structure is essential, as it is able to influence the ICD practices of Islamic banks. However, instead of focusing on the role of the board, our paper highlights the importance role of audit committee functions. Specifically, the results suggest that larger or reasonable audit committee size tends to have varied skills and expertise among the audit committee members, resulting in more information by allowing for greater diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints. Gender diversity in audit members' profiles will also encourage the board to be more effective and creative in generating innovative ideas, hence more IC will be created. This study adds to the empirical studies on corporate governance from Islamic banks' perspectives covering several countries. It also introduce the Shariah capital, as one of components in the IC index to respond to the peculiarities of Islamic on intellectual capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam. It is a legal obligation of every Muslim. Prophet Muhammad PBUH was the leader of an Islamic government, and at once the most accountable party in zakat management, responsible for collecting zakat property from the muzakki and distributing it to the mustahiq. Currently, the main issue is that there are states with a Muslim majority but yet without the right and authority to manage zakat. In fact, zakat is handled by a legal authority in the state or exercised individually. No proper management of zakat property on the part of the government adversely affects zakat management itself, such as the right to implement zakat for Muslim citizens. Zakat management becomes ineffective and inefficient and causes injustice to mustahik. This research discusses zakat management from the viewpoint of its concept and the parties responsible for implementing it based on Islamic shariah, whether by a Muslim or non-Muslim government. Therefore, the government needs to take over responsibility for zakat management because it requires rules and regulations involving many parties. Thereby, only the government will have the legal authority and apparatus to regulate and enforce zakat among citizens. In zakat management by a state, the Muslim government must strongly uphold Islamic shariah and manage justly. As for a non-Muslim government, it must deal justly in implementing zakat management. The implication of this research is that states with a Muslim population need to give attention to the people’s interest in the aspect of implementing ibadah, particularly in affairs of zakat management, particularly by passing legislation and enforcing regulations for zakat for Muslim citizens to exercise their right to implement zakat, without compromising the rights of non-Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difference of views in understanding the idea of Islamic literature and criticism involves two different cultures often occur in the field of comparative literature world. Yet despite the differences and inequalities, still no agreement reached involving key issues in the discussion of the concept of Islamic literature. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the previous studies related to the ideas, theories and principles of Islamic literature, the examples of comparative literature study and leaders thought. Analysis of the literature is conducted to find justification for the study and comparison of ideas on the need of dismantling the Islamic literature involving two selected leaders, Sayyid Sayyid `Abd al-Raziq and Mohd Affandi Hassan. This is a qualitative study based on applied content analysis method. This literature review finds that the application of this comparative study is able to find the special formula in identifying similarities and differences in the concept of Islamic literature and criticism involving the two leaders while providing enlightenment to the players in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poets of opposites poems take their knowledge from multi-springs of knowledge. So, the direction of Islamic values were added to the knowledge that take from the past and its literature, and from present Islam and its acquaintances, so the poetic culture was colored with the color of the culture which they take. It was the way for the best poets to serve their purpose and to deliver their messages. There is no doubt that the Quran was afar distance of both recipient and poet for his eloquence this type of poem has been associated with the name of obscenity because of the large number insults and exposure of the taboos. This article came to reveal the relationship between the poetic text and the Quranic text in the poem of the three Umayyad poets and to wipe the dust of obscenity which knighted him and to identify the impact of the holy Quran upon its simple, compound and inspiration system and address the extent of correlation of poetic text and overlap with the Holy Quran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]