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Mosques and suraus in Malaysia serve as religious institutions for the local Muslim community to perform congregational prayers. The role of these institutions in receiving donations and contributions from the public, private entities, and government allocations requires a review of their financial management. This study aims to assess the need of internal control in the financial management of religious institutions in Putrajaya as a measure of accountability to their stakeholders. Additionally, the study determine whether the risks associated with the implementation of these internal controls have been identified. This qualitative research was conducted through semistructured interviews with six surau representatives selected as samples. Narrative analysis was employed to examine the collected data, aiming to uncover issues and weaknesses in the financial management of suraus. The study found a low level of accountability due to several weaknesses, particularly in the areas of cash receipt and security, petty cash payments, procurement, accounting, and the overall lax supervision of financial management in religious institutions in Putrajaya. Furthermore, the risks of misappropriation, abuse, wastage, loss, and data discrepancies were identified as potential issues stemming from poorly organized internal controls. This study serves as a foundation for regulatory bodies such as the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Council (MAIWP) and the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Department (JAWI) to plan improvements in the financial management of religious institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a mithali family is a challenge that requires practical guidance and reallife examples that can be emulated. Based on the Islamic perspective, as explained theoretically by previous Islamic scholars, the halalan tayyiban dietary concept is one of the important factors in family development. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the actual practice of the halalan tayyiban dietary concept by recipients of the Anugerah Keluarga Mithali (AKM) at the national level. This study adopted a qualitative approach and used the interview method with the focus group discussion technique to collect data. The analysis of this interview data was done using the qualitative data analysis software NVivo version 10. A total of 11 respondents from two nuclear families that had won the AKM at national level in 2014 (7 family members) and 2017 (4 family members) were involved in this research. The results found that the AKM families practised six dietary principles; namely, food and income should be clean and halal, safe for consumption, satisfies the natural disposition of a prosperous soul, free from syubhah (elements of obscurity), and nutritious. The results of this study can potentially be used asa guideline for the formation of modules for Islamic family building by Islamic bodies, preachers, parents and also Muslim individuals with related interests. Future studies should be done by involving more nuclear families to further improve the reliability of this study and to touch on other undiscussed aspects in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fierce battle that broke out in history between Russia and Ottoman in 1877-1878 was an attempt to solve the problems faced by the Ottoman administration in the Balkans. This is mainly related to accusations that the Ottoman government cannot protect Christians in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ironically, Russia's victory did not lead to the resolution of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Instead, it negatively impacted Muslims in the Balkans, especially in Bulgaria. This article will analyse the social effects of the war on Bulgaria's Muslim minority. This article uses a qualitative method called content analysis to evaluate British official documents and records collected from the British National Archives and the University of London, specifically from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies. The result shows that the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 was not intended to give justice to the Christian community under the Ottoman empire; on the contrary, it was a strategy used by Russia and the Bulgarian government to eliminate the Muslim minority in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article represents a comprehensive understanding of the family system and kinship in normative Muslim scholarship. It introduces the perception and definition of family and kinship relations and presents some of its fundamental features and bases in order to restructure critical, yet scattered opinions of scholars from various religious, legal, and historical Islamic sources. This research also aims to investigate numerous normatively formed perspectives related to family forms, the paradigm of values for family and kinship, and the family systems inspired by normative sources of Islam which have been discussed in broader discourse echelons to show the development of Muslim scholarship, provisions, opinions, and analysis, with regard to family and kin, especially under the umbrella of maqāṣid al-shari’ah. The article follows a qualitative methodology with historical, analytical, and descriptive approaches in a comparative manner when investigating normative accounts of the Muslim family and kinship. This study's contribution to international scholars in the field lies in its comprehensive analysis of maqasid framework for family and kinship in Islam and its divergence among normative scholarship. By shedding light on these normative perspectives, it enriches the existing scholarly discourse on maqasid al-shari’ah and opens up new avenues for further research and exploration in contemporary approaches to family and kinship studies. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for researchers, academics, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of maqasid al-shari’ah and its practical applications in contemporary contexts. The article found out that the advent of Islam, as mentioned in normative Muslim scholarship, introduced several religious rudiments into the family and kinship life that morally, structurally, and socially altered and regulated the character, structure, and purposes of the Muslim family to ensure stability and advocate social relations and order.

Spiritual intelligence is a construct of psychology that began to receive attention and became the focus of study among scholars in the field of psychology. Prior to this most studies referred to theories and conceptual frameworks relating to spirituality referred to Western scholars. However, the theory and conceptual framework proposed are sometimes not suitable to be used as a measuring instrument in the context of muslim community studies. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of spiritual intelligence nabawi introduced by 'Uthman Najati in his book al-Hadith al-Nabawi wa 'Ilm al-Nafs. This study uses the method of content analysis by analyzing the concept of spiritual intelligence perspective 'Uthman Najati in his work al-Hadith al-Nabawi wa 'Ilm al-Nafs. The study found that 'Uthman Najati carries the concept of spiritual intelligence is based on faith. The study also found that the model of spiritual intelligence presented by 'Uthman Najati in his work consists of two main components, namely the relationship with God and the relationship with oneself. Thus, the nabawi spiritual intelligence presented by 'Uthman Najati can be used as a guide and measuring instrument in the field of Islamic psychology, especially Islamic spiritual intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term reverted is well known to the multiracial community in Malaysia. They are a minority group that should be given priority in the country's preaching agenda by celebrating all cultural differences and spoken languages. The limited preaching efforts coupled with the careless attitude of the majority of the existing Muslim community, who deliberately underestimate the duty of preaching to the non-Muslim community in particular, is very worrying. Therefore, this study investigates the concept of Ebit Lew's thoughts and struggles in preaching the revert in our country. His prominence in the preaching of the reverted is known for sure and investigated despite the various challenges faced when carrying out preaching. The study employs a qualitative method of analyzing primer and seconder data descriptively. The finding shows that his efforts in preaching are of assistance to religious people and scholars. In a strict sense, his preaching movement towards the revert should be emulated and considered a realistic preaching revolution to be continuously developed in a pluralistic society in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harun Nasution is one of the prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectuals who has played an influential role in rebuilding the traditional style of Islamic education thinking into rational thinking within the Islamic Higher Education environment in Indonesia. This study aspires to analyze Harun Nasution’s style of Islamic educational thought. The method used in this study is qualitative, which focuses on carrying out systematic presentations related to research questions to be analyzed in order to get results as conclusions. At the same time, this research uses a document analysis study approach. The study results show that Harun Nasution’s style of Islamic education is religious and rational. In this style of Islamic educational thought, there are several considerations, for instance, rational Islamic educational thinking, integrationist Islamic educational thinking, Islamic educational goals, Islamic educational materials, and Islamic educational methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of religious extremism is not new in people’s lives. The development of technology in the world of chemo indirectly seeks to affect the lives of Malay Muslims, especially in writing on social media. Extremist groups make social media one of the platforms to spread their ideology. This borderless medium caused extremist groups to spread information freely and easily, causing the Muslim Malay community to become deceived by extreme ideology. Various extremist writings are loose and scattered in society such as writings that are unquestioned and filled with slander, untrue news that is censored, writings that worsened the past scholars and writings that doubted their validity without using the right methods. This study aims to determine the parameters of writing wasatiyyah preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. This study was obtained using qualitative methodology, namely through the method of interviewing with 4 informants and through round table discussion consisting of 5 panels. The selection of informants is determined by purposive sampling. The data obtained is analyzed descriptively using Atlas. ti software. The results of this study found that among the parameters of wasatiyyah thought of preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists is the proof of valid and precise method (manhaj) of proof according to members of the sunnah wal jamaah, sources of reference that are muktabar and recognize the scholarly scholarship of the past. The implications of this measurement can be used as a guide to preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Irādah’ means the will of Allah SWT, while ‘amr’ is the command of Allah SWT who only commands good things and forbids bad things. Jalaluddin al-Rumi (1207-1273) used his own method in collecting debates on the commands and wills of Allah SWT in a layered way through the prose of verses in Mathnawi. The philosophy of occasionalism brings the understanding that everything is moved by God, to prove the existence of God through God’s intervention in every matter. Although the understanding of the concept of ‘irādah and amr’ of Allah SWT between the Sufi perspective of Jalaluddin al-Rumi and the philosophy of occasionalism has common points in acknowledging the existence and will of God, there are differences when involving God’s commands in the ‘moral’ debate, i.e. good and bad. The difference between the two perspectives should be clearly and carefully understood in order to avoid confusion that Western and Islamic occasionalism are the same. This article examines and focuses on the concept of will and command of Allah SWT according to Jalaluddin al-Rumi, as well as making a comparison with Western philosophy of occasionalism. This writing uses qualitative research methodology through content analysis and comparative methods. The implications of this article show the difference between the beliefs believed by Western thought and the beliefs Muslims should believe in as outlined in Islam itself. In fact, this article also explains the importance of obeying the ‘will and command’ of Allah SWT without exception of one of them. The results of the study show that the concept of the will of Allah SWT brought by Jalaluddin al-Rumi has a close resemblance to the Western philosophy of occasionalism. It appears as an idea that defends God’s intervention in human life while rejecting secularism. Meanwhile, the concept of the command of Allah SWT highlights its specialness compared to Western philosophy of occasionalism because the belief in Allah SWT displayed by Jalaluddin al-Rumi does not completely set aside His command which is always a life obligation for a Muslim believer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patience is a trait that is praised by religion because it is one of the great virtues of prophethood. However, the community environment destroys the order of the community that fails to control angry emotions resulting in immoral in the neighborhood community. There are many cases of arguments due to anger involving behavior of communities that are very worrying. Therefore, the patient approach should be emulated based on the practice shown by the Prophet PBUH. The implementation of patience reflects the moral ethics of Muslim society. This article uses literature review through several primary and secondary sources. This article also uses deductive and thematic methods. The results of the study found that patience is part of the value of human moral development. The component of patience needs to be practiced in dealings involving the legacy of social life in the neighboring lifestyle community. Therefore, elements such as language reservation in the neighboring community encourage honoring neighbors, maintaining neighborly harmony, and avoiding bad neighbors need to be tempered with patience. Therefore, the relevance of patience should be nurtured from a young age. In addition, it should be applied in social interaction oriented to a prophetic approach to create harmony among community members, especially neighbors in continuing struggle of challenging life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History records that intermarriage between Datu from the Sulu Island with Idahan women has occurred since the 17th century. The result of intermarriage between the two had given birth to heirs known as Kedatuan-Idahan. This paper discusses the history of Kedatuan and intermarriage in Sabah, which contributed to the strengthening of Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. This study involves data collection using qualitative methods based on textual content analysis and in-depth interviews with selected key informants in several villages of the Idahan community in Lahad Datu. The study results show that the intermarriage between a Datu from the Sulu Island and an Idahan woman has produced an heir with a kinship relationship with the Sulu sultanate. This kinship relationship strengthens the dominance of the bird's nest economic activity, which is in high demand from Chinese traders. The findings of the study also show that carrying the title of Datu and Dayang at the base of the heir's name to the Kedatuan further strengthens the Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. The study also found that the Kedatuan-Idahan intermarriage impacted the Idahan community's political position in the Darvel Bay area and contributed to the early settlement of the Muslim community on the east coast of Sabah. The role of Kedatuan also explains the importance of their position as Muslim religious leaders in the Lahad Datu district and their involvement in the Cobbold Commission until the formation of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers play an important role in forming an organized and effective school organization to produce quality human beings who are able to bring change to the country in the future. Competence refers to the knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics or personality traits that teachers need to possess to perform a task or responsibility. This article aims to discuss the competence of Muslim teachers based on surah ar Rahman verses 1 to 4. The methodology of this study is qualitative by using the method of content analysis of several books of tafsir, namely Tafsir Pimpinan ar-Rahman, Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Munir and Tafsir al-Quran of Radio. The findings show that there are four competencies of teachers found in surah ar-Rahman verses 1 to 4, namely competencies from personal, professional, pedagogical and social aspects. The appreciation of the competencies stated in this surah is able to shape the character of Muslim teachers who are skilled in all aspects and will give birth to a generation of teachers with noble personalities as well as able to face all the challenges and transformation of increasingly challenging education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hadith is essential in the Muslim community, even for the visually impaired people. However, the history of hadith study for the visually impaired in Malaysia has not been addressed in detail because the research connected to hadith study in general involve the normal group. Due to their lack of visual senses, the visually impaired people have a different access to learning hadith than the typical group. Even now, it is difficult to find hadith-related reading material for the visually impaired people. As a result, the visually impaired people are among those who abandon in the study of hadith. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the access utilised by the visually impaired people to learn hadith. A qualitative design is used in this research. Data was collected using document analysis and interviews, which were then analyzed using a descriptive analysis approach. The results indicate that hadith studies for the visually impaired in Malaysia is not taken seriously and is limited to a small group of visually impaired people acting on their own initiative. The research also discovered that the visually impaired people use social, electronic, print, and audio media to learn hadith. This study has recommendations for relevant organisations to pay close attention to hadith study in the daily lives of the visually impaired people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world was shaken by the emergence of the novel coronavirus or simply known as Covid-19 in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Day by day, the number of those diagnosed with novel coronavirus is increasing. It has spread rapidly worldwide, even causing millions of patients and even deaths. In dealing with that epidemic, indeed many Muslims particularly and human beings generally are quite panicked, confused, angry and worried which it certainly threatens the harmony of themselves and society. Thus, this article attempts to explore and study the nature of patience according to Imam al-Ghazali and the importance of its experience to Muslims in particularly facing the challenges and effects of Covid-19. This article uses the method of literature review by referring to books, journal articles, chapters in books, newspapers and other materials related to that title. The results of the study found that the patient is practiced by Muslims especially in the face of challenges and threats Covid-19 is capable to produce a calm, peaceful, strong and contented nature with various tests that befall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diplomacy of the Great Powers in the Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict of 1875-1878 led the Ottoman government to sign The Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The Treaty of Berlin gave the Austria-Hungary empire a mandate to occupy and administer Bosnia-Herzegovina. It has initiated a migration process in Bosnia-Herzegovina among its population, especially the Muslims. This article will examine issues that led to the migration of Muslims from Bosnia-Herzegovina to other territories in the Ottoman Turkish empire before the outbreak of World War 1. Analysis on these issues used primary data from the British records from its embassy in Bosnia- Herzegovina. The study found that the issue of religion was the dominant factor in the migration process that took place among the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The migration process increased after Bosnia-Herzegovina was officially announced under the Austro-Hungarian administration in 1908. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of waqf is vital in the development of the entire Muslim community. The waqf system at the Perbadanan Wakaf Selangor (PWS) has expanded in various ways or methods to include cash waqf, general waqf and special waqf, therefore providing Muslims with the opportunity to perform worship in a collective manner in order to enhance the Muslim community’s socio-economic status. This study was conducted to understand the concept of land purchase using cash waqf in the state of Selangor. The objective of this study is to ascertain the current status of waqf for the purchase of land through the cash waqf mechanism, along with issues in implementing it. This study used both the library study method and a field study to collect qualitative data. Data for this study was also obtained from semi-structural interviews with PWS officers and those involved in the management of waqf property. The findings show that waqf for land purchase within the state of Selangor has achieved its objective, despite challenges faced. The constraints regarding the waqf system are that the waqf fund collection had not achieved its target in addition to the short contract durations, which had caused the development of the planned waqf property to not run smoothly. Several recommendations and policy implications are suggested to ease future purchases of land through the cash waqf scheme so that it will become a valuable asset used for Muslims’ economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endeavour to translate the meaning of the Quran is part of a long line of outstanding contributions made by Islamic scholars, dating back to the dawn of Islam. It is consistent with the Quran’s status as dustur al-hayah (constitution of life) for everyone who utters the words of shahdah (testimony), regardless of where they are. Researchers who are looking into the evolution of the Quranic translation will discover a variety of creativity and innovation that add value to readers, particularly in terms of increasing their understanding and appreciation of the verses' literal and implicit meanings, as well as their desire to interact with the noble book. Based on this point, this study is an attempt to investigate and evaluate the suitability of Khawas al-Quran (‘theory and practicality’ of the Quran) as one of the potential aspects to be used as part of the complementary components in the Quranic translation. Alike to Fadail alQuran, Khawas al-Quran appeals to Muslim community to be committed and perform good deeds in accordance with particular surahs and verses in the al-Quran since it has a reward factor in the form of certain rewards or benefits to its practitioners. Thus, based on Tuan Guru Haji Yusof Bin Abdullah al- Rawi's unique contribution through his work Tafsir al-Rawi, this study will assess and evaluate the prospective application of Khawas al-Quran elements as part of the complimentary components of the Quranic translation. This is a literature review that employs text analysis on relevant sources, with the book Tafsir al-Rawi serving as the primary source, followed by the main books of Ulum al-Quran, tafsir, and the most recent research materials such as journal articles, theses, research reports, and other related materials. The wisdom of the author of this book in the field of study linked to Khawas al-Quran is one of the key findings from this study. He was constantly able to present this feature in the majority of the surahs interpreted, earning Khawas al-Quran priority position as a component of complimentary elements in Quranic translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ḥaḍānah or child custody is an issue that often arises after divorce until today. Various initiatives are carried out by the authorities such as the Syariah High Court, the Syariah Judiciary Department of Malaysia (JKSM) and the Islamic Religious Council for each state in Malaysia to overcome this problem. This is because, this issue involves the welfare of Muslim children, that are affected by divorce as well as the rights of disputing parties, namely mother and father that need to be emphasized. Therefore, this literature review is to identify the issues that arise, the development and solutions provided for haḍānah issues. This study is qualitative by taking a descriptive content analysis approach by evaluating facts and arguments from various primary and secondary sources related to the study. To support the findings of the study, syariah court judge was also interviewed. The results of literature review shows that several issues are arising in the Syariah Court such as the existence of International Convention affecting Islamic Family Law, the limitation of sole custody practice, the absence of specific interpretations for the welfare of Muslim children, the issue of determining children`s religion in ḥaḍānah, the issue of ḥaḍānah is assumed biased towards women. This study also identifies positive developments in the resolution of ḥaḍānah cases in terms of its application, namely the interpretation of the welfare of the children in ḥaḍānah is clarified, the proposal of the concept of maṣlaḥah as a measure of children's welfare, granting joint custody to parents, sulh function in ḥaḍānah, proposed establishment of the Family Court in Malaysia and involvement of experts in related disciplines. However, in general, there are some of these suggestions that have not been implemented and are still at the evaluation stage. Therefore, this study suggests that these aspects need to be discovered and specific guidelines need to be formed and harmonized based on the principles of haḍānah welfare to achieve Maqāṣid Al-Sharī ̒ah which also is in accordance with the demands of the times and social changes in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues related to halal and haram are very important for the Muslim community in Malaysia because they are related to various social and cultural aspects such as relationships, clothing, food and business. Many people view the issues related to halal and haram as what is allowed and forbidden in Islam, and the views are often associated with food and socialization. Based on the dynamics of these two concepts in daily life, this study aims to investigate the representations of halal and haram in Malaysian parliamentary discourse through corpus-driven analysis to examine how and in what context both concepts are debated in the parliament. This objective is achieved by looking at the trend of frequency and use of halal and haram in the context of the discourse of the Malaysian Parliament and subsequently the semantic evolution of these two terms from legal perspective and later associated with commodity. The data of this study was obtained from the Malaysian Hansard Corpus (MHC) which covers Parliament 1 (1959-1964) to Parliament 13 (2013-2018) and is approximately 157 million words in size. The findings of the study indicate differences in the usage patterns of halal and haram in MHC. Initially, halal was associated with Islamic concepts and laws. However, the use of halal has expanded into several domains such as business, tourism, cosmetics and ecosystems. This clearly indicates the efforts to make halal as the way of life. The use of haram, on the other hand, is often associated with domains such as activities, objects and groups of people. The usage patterns show the function of haram as an adjective that changes the value of a noun from neutral to negative in Malaysia. A closer examination of the words that frequently appear along with halal and haram in the MHC shows a trend of its widespread use and at the same time displays variations of meaning in parliamentary discourse spanning a period of almost 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabah's multi-ethnic population with different backgrounds and cultures encourages them to borrow languages from other ethnicities as a sign of national unity. This language borrowing is not limited to one ethnicity but across religious beliefs. The word astaga is one example of the language-borrowing practices that have been used by various ethnic groups in Sabah regardless of religion; Islam or non-Islam. The expression is considered to be derived from the Arabic abbreviation astaghfirullah which means to ask for forgiveness from Allah. There is a perception among the Muslim community that the use of astaga will affect the faith because the incomplete phrase astaghfirullah or istighfar will affect the true meaning of the expression. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the perceptions and thoughts of the Muslim community in Sabah about the use of astaga in their daily expressions. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches in the form of percentages for the purpose of data analysis, while questionnaires are used for the purpose of data collection. The study found that expression of astaga does not come from Arabic summarized thus said to undermine the faith, but refers to the expression of Bahasa Melayu Sabah (BMS) that have been used in everyday conversation with a specific function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mosque institution is an important platform for the study and dissemination of religious knowledge. It serves as the nucleus towards producing a civilized Muslim community that is able to appreciate the Quran and sunnah in life. Takmir class is one of the forms of knowledge study in mosque institutions throughout the state of Perlis which also emphasizes the study of tafsir. Through the study of tafsir delivered by a certified takmir teacher, a correct and accurate understanding of the meaning of al-Quran al-Karim can be achieved in moving towards the true appreciation of al-Quran al-Karim in life. Therefore, this article will describe the tafsir books used in the study of tafsir by reviewing five district mosques in Perlis and analyzing the opinions of mosque congregations who attended the lectures provided. This study uses qualitative methods in the form of interviews, observations and document analysis. The researcher conducted interviews and observations on five selected informants among the takmir teachers who taught at the mosque, while document analysis was used by analyzing the materials or sources of turath writing that had been collected. Findings of the study show that the effectiveness of tafsir lectures at mosque institutions in Perlis is at a positive level in terms of the selection of tafsir books and its suitability with the level of ability of the mosque congregation and the congregation's response to the tafsir books taught. It is hoped that this study can instill interest in community involvement to deepen the meaning of al-Quran al-Karim which is the main source of legislation in Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qurʾān is recited by Muslims using different variations. The differences in the recitation require a separate printing of the Qurʾān copies (mushafs) that match the recitation of each riwayah. Observation on these mushafs found that the differences occur not only in terms of reading variations but also in scripts (rasm), signs (dhabt), determination of verses (fawasil), determination of divisions (tahzib), as well assigns related to stop and continue recitation (waqf and ibtida'). Insensitivity to these differences can cause a misperception that there are errors and mistakes in the mushaf, which is the holy book of Muslims. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to identify the differences between the mushafs in terms of the sign (dhabt) and make a comparison in the matter between the mushafs. This study utilised the qualitative method using observation, analysis and comparison on the mushafs of the Qurʾān and books that are considered as main references in the science of dhabt of Qurʾān. Among the important findings of this study are differences in the aspect of dhabt, which include differences in nuqat al-i’jam involving three letters namely nun, fa and qaf. Differences also occur in nuqat al-i’rab, including the signs of dhammah, tanwin, sukun, the signs of idgham naqis, hamzah wasal and lam alif. This matter occurs due to differences in sources and practices between the schools of masyariqah and magharibah in the placement of signs in the Qurʾān. If the differences are unrecognised, they may lead to the presumption of errors in the printing of the Qurʾān. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with special needs are responsible in playing their role as servant and caliph of Allah. Therefore, Islamic Education teachers are highly accountable in educating and guiding special needs children to be able to know the Quran and perform worship in daily life. The purpose of this study is to explain the roles of Islamic Education teachers as murabbi. This is a qualitative research that uses an approach of literature research. The study had found that Islamic Education teachers play a big role to educate their students especially children with special needs and have responsibility to change muslim people in our country. Therefore, Islamic Education teachers need to be equipped with knowledge in all fields, rabbani thought and good attitude to give their best service as murabbi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faraid is a set of rules and principles that regulates the distribution of a Muslim’s property upon his death which is based on the Sharia law. In Malaysia, the Islamic jurisdiction including the management of inheritance is under the administration of the state. However, from what we can see recently, the management of inheritance property still requires improvement and transformation in the perspective of management and administration. The average unclaimed worth of assets by the deceased's family members is valued at around RM 60 billion due to the lack of knowledge regarding the management of inheritance. Lack of knowledge on the role of the inheritance’s agencies among the Muslim society is also the main challenge in assisting them to resolve their disputes in property distribution. Hence, it is suggested that a Faraid One-Stop Centre will assists the Muslim community in settling the issues of inheritance efficiently. The Faraid One-Stop Centre (FOSC) model is a combination of all the inheritance management agencies under one roof or at one place. The model of FOSC consist of five agencies which are Faraid USIM Consultant (FUSACA), Small Estate Division of the Land Office, Amanah Raya Berhad, State's Religious Authority and the proposed Agency of Legal Aid and Advisory Services of Faraid USIM Consultant (FUSACA) is the most important agency in making decisions and giving advise to customers. Meanwhile, Small Estate Division of the Land Office is the agency that compiles all the inheritance cases. The Amanah Raya Berhad manages matters regarding the movable properties and grants the Letter of Declaration or Order. State's Religious Authority or Council will perform the valuation process of the property. Whereas The Agency of Legal Aid and Advisory Services will help in giving legal advise to the customers if needed and represent the clients in the court of law. The Model of FOSC may become a reference and guidance to the related agencies of inheritance to develop FOSC in each state in Malaysia. This model will improve the management and administration of inheritance to the next level, making the process of inheritance division and manangement easier for the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-religious interactions are often overshadowed by a tendency to negative perceptions among multi-ethnic and religious communities. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the perception of religious practice among the Chinese in a residential area at Terengganu. The data obtained through the qualitative method of interviews over the fifteen community members residing in the Padang Midin, Kuala Terengganu. The result showed that information that related to Islamic teaching was found to be obtained through a life dialogue that occurred among non-Muslim Chinese communities with the Malay Muslim community. The results of the study found that the perception for the practice of religious harmony consist of positive and negative perception. The Chinese community gives a positive perception towards the religious practices of the Muslim community, such as Muslim people are honest, helpful, and like to give souvenirs. While, in a negative aspect there a few practices that interrupt the process of religious harmony such as nuisance and the emphasis was done by Malay Muslim teenagers that live in a residential area. Religious harmony can be achieved through dialogue of life because the Chinese community gets a lot of knowledge regarding to Islamic religion at a certain extent of correcting their negative perceptions towards Islam. The results of this study are important to expose the actual challenges faced in ensuring the sustainability of a peaceful life and pillars in the residential area that have various ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This writing addresses the origin and development of Muslim philosophy of history developed from a framework of Muslim historiography. The focus is to assess the genesis of Muslim philosophy of history and its process of becoming a sub-field in Muslim historiography. Using historical chronology and document analysis approaches, this writing delves into the epistemology of Muslim historiography being expanded on the school of narrative intended to record the history by using the method of writing isnad, hawliyyah, khabar, dynasty, tabaqat and geneology which later changes and transformed into the method of historical analysis as was pioneered by Ibn Khaldun. To sum up, the coming into being of Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century has changed the paradigm of methodology dealing with Muslim historiography from narrative to analysis basis as he introduces a methodology and a framework of analysis used to understand the history and construct a comprehensive framework of Islamic civilization. The basis of Ibn Khaldun’s epistemology of history can be interpreted as the origin of Muslim philosophy of history discipline which later shapes the historical epistemology of Muslim philosophers of history post Ibn Khaldun, such as Malek Bennabi, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and Nayef al-Rodhan respectively representing distinguished ideas of history in the Muslim World in 20th and 21st centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the pessimistic criticism on church priests in Sayyid Qutub’s travelogue entitled Amrika Allati Raytu or its English translation, The America I Have Seen: In the Scale of Human Values. Sayyid Qutb was a modern Arab traveler and a great Islamic thinker. His ideology of thoughts has always been used as reference to help resurrect the spirit of the 20th century Muslim communities that have been colonized by Western powers. Sayyid Qutb spent his life by constantly producing writings for the use of Muslims. Each of his writings contains implicit meanings that need to be further explored, especially his travelogue which receives less attention than his other writings. Uniquely, this travelogue tells a lot about the negative side of American society from a religious point of view focusing on the personality and role of the priest in church. Therefore, this study will analyze the pessimistic criticism by using the theory of othering. This study is qualitative in nature using content analysis and documentation methods. It is hoped that this study can provide a new perspective in Arabic literature and Islamic travel literature especially from the aspect of religious criticism. The findings prove that Sayyid Qutb’s pessimistic criticism of 20th century church priests in the United States have implicit meanings as effort to defend Egyptian society from continuing to drift in blind admiration for Western ideology that was widespread at the time. With his status as an Islamic fighter in Egypt, the effort is seen as a fuel for the Islamic spirit for his countrymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zakat instrument plays an important role as a component in the economic system to build a more prosperous socio-economy for Muslims in Malaysia, in addition to the existing tax system. The total collection of zakat on income increases every year in each state. This is caused by various factors, including the possibility of zakat payers who pay zakat on income in excess of the zakat obligatory rate. However, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence zakat payers to pay zakat on income in excess of the zakat obligatory rate. This study is significant because the zakat institution needs to focus on these factors so that the amount of zakat collection of income will continue to increase at a larger rate, which will ultimately increase the benefits of zakat distribution to asnaf. This study examined the factors that influence the Muslim community to pay zakat on income in excess of the prescribed rates. It also analyzed the community’s perception of the implementation of the zakat and tax systems in Malaysia. Descriptive analysis of mean score test, Alpha Cronbach analysis, and values of difference in GAP mean were applied to respondents at Jabatan Agama Islam Melaka (JAIM). The findings show that the ratio of income zakat payment to the obligatory zakat exceeded by 0.4, which is capable of constituting 21 percent of total zakat collection of Melaka. Interestingly, the study finds that this behaviour is driven by religious factors and that the altruism factor significantly affects the behaviour of paying income zakat in excess. Next, the results of the study show that the majority of respondents are more satisfied with the zakat information and system rather than with the tax system. Some suggestions and policy implications were also discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam encourages harmonious family interaction between a mualaf with his non-Muslim family, provided it does not contradict any Islamic teachings. Muslims are prohibited from celebrating religious ceremonious of other religions, because it could affect their belief in Islam. Muslim converts occasionally encounter this difficult situation as they still have to interact with their non-Muslim family. The difference in religious belief leads them to change their interaction practices in order to adhere to the Islamic concept of faith (Tawhid). Thus, this study analyses Indian mualaf interaction with their non-Muslim family during the celebration of Hindu religious celebration. This is a qualitative research using content analysis and semi-structured interview. 20 respondents were selected through purposive sampling among mualaf Indian men and women, who were Hindus, attending classes at Kompleks Darul Hidayan (KDH) Kuala Lumpur and have converted to Islam for at least a year. Data collected were analysed descriptively and thematically. Research results find that some of the Indian mualaf visited their non-Muslim family members during the Hindu religious celebration day but did not participate in any Hindu religious ceremony. Some of them did not even contact or visit their non-Muslim family members. The research implication shows that the Indian mualaf at KDH understand the proper Islamic method of interaction with their non-Muslim family during Hindu religious celebration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay culture and Islam are strongly integrated, whereby Islam has, since its arrival, influenced the Malay way of thinking, morality, behavior, belief and faith. However, daily practices, which did not conform to true Islamic teachings, caused the Malay community to regress. This study analyzed the issue of regression faced by the Malay Muslim community in the mid-20th century, while identifying the role of Qalam, an Islamic magazine, in shaping the minds of the Malay community to prepare them for modernization before independence. A qualitative historical analysis and interpretation was conducted on the contents of Qalam magazine as the main reference and various other sources from the National Archives of Malaysia and the University of Malaya Library. Qalam had undoubtedly raised the voice of modernization and change among the Malays to move forward in line with increasing rapid development. Qalam had not only built a sense of social awareness and responsibility in the Malay community but also clarified the importance of changing their mindset towards the beliefs and traditional practices such as blind acceptance of predestination and superstitions which hinder the progress of the Malays. Qalam advocated the role of the ulama in leading and molding the minds of the Malay community to realistically and diligently face the challenges of modernity. Hence, the Malays must be aware of their own weaknesses, particularly, on the importance of reasoning, in order for them to overcome the state of stagnation and backwardness of knowledge and strive towards building excellence in the true Islamic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the women's fashion generally and Muslim women particularly struck impressively to community in Malaysia. Additionally, the appearance of fashion designers serving a variety of styles, colors, fashion clothes and jewels that attract of the women. In this phenomenon, ethics of Islamic clothing and tabarruj are deliberately or accidentally marginalized by some Muslims because of their passion in pursuing 'up-to-date' fashion. This means that the aspects of Shariah-compliant and tabarruj issues are considered to be quite trivial and less important to the Muslim community. However, this issue should not be limited to the general discussion because it actually related to the Muslim affairs, which not only focuses the aspects of clothing and personality, but also includes the behavior and dignity of women which has a tremendous impact on community values. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the latest phenomenon of Muslim women in Malaysia and tabarruj issues scientifically and critically. In addition, the ethics of Islamic clothing is recommended to the Muslim women. This study uses literature study only by analyzing books, magazines and others. The findings show that the clothing of Muslim women in modern times is no longer a requirement to cover aurat only, but also more on fashion. The fashion and design of Muslimah clothes and jewelry, sometimes putting them to the noncompliance of the Syariat's dressing of ethics and at the same time, they fall into tabarruj way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah is a well-known tariqa in the Muslim World. It is been associated to Sayyid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad b. Idris al-Hasani al-Araishi Al-Fasi (1757-1837). This article aims to expose the emergence of the tariqa and its influence in Malaysia. To achieve the objectives, this article employs a qualitative research method. Data collection is done by two methods, namely library research and document analysis. The obtained data were then analysed using historical analysis. The result of this study shows that Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah was originally a spiritual base reform movement. After the demise of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris, his teachings have been spread through the medium of various tariqa instituitions by his students. The Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah in Malaysia has been introduced into Malaysia around the middle of the 19th century from Mecca through the followers of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris' students. Since its introduction to Malaysia, it has become an influence tariqa in several states of Malaysia especially in Negeri Sembilan and Kelantan. Recent development of the Tariqa Ahmadiyya Idrisiyya shows the role and dominance of role of the Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris descendents from Sudan in spreading the tariqa influence within the Muslim community in Malaysia. After nearly two centuries, the practiced of the Tariqa in Malaysia has been sustained through the chain of teacher-student relationship at the international level using the tariqa institutional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why did The Straits Times make an effort to give wide coverage about the Natrah tragedy in 1950? Why did this newspaper deploy a strategy to publish letters from readers about Natrah within the specific period of time? What benefit is gained by this newspaper publishing comments and opinions from readers about Natrah? The answer lies in the fact that they were trying to maintain a support from the readers through the report of the Natrah report within the specific period of time. It is known this newspaper managed to spur its own polemic when the publication triggered the Natrah riots and causing casualties among the Muslims. Behind the publication, nevertheless, how reader’s reaction about Natrah? So, in the light of this issue, this article attempts to present how the report about Natrah of The Straits Times managed to influence the thinking and interest of the readers, particulary within the specific period of time. The strength of this article lays on its historical approach applied to interpret the intention and action in the History subject of the Natrah tragedy. This study contributes new findings and novel in its approach which situated from the reaction and thinking of the newspaper’s readers about Natrah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roles played by the women in the conflict resolution involving the Muslim community in the Southern Philippines was not given the spotlight it deserved in the series of peace talks between the republic and the separatist groups. The roles of women were as if they were insignificant and of a passive manner while women were undeniably the important “stakeholder” beside the fact that the conflict that erupted affected this group the most amongst the population there. They are also capable to contribute to a new paradigm in conflict resolution. Realizing this, the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) passed Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security as a democratizing mechanism towards the encouragement of women in conflict resolution, protection amidst conflict, and peacemaking. In line with the introduction of this Resolution 1325, The Republic of Philippines also introduced the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS) and the National Action Plan (NAP) as a sign of support to UNSCR in order to widen the roles of women in peace talks and peacemaking programs. The main focus of this research is to look at the development of women empowerment in peace talks and peacemaking programs during President Benigno Aquino III’s administration, as well as the response of the Philippines towards Resolution 1325 especially in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), under microscopic lenses. This research utilized the qualitative approach by conducting thorough analysis on primary and secondary sources like official documents from the Philippine government, treaties, the constitution, books, theses, and journals. This research shows that the roles of women in peace talks were active and inspiring under the administration of President Benigno Aquino III especially through the establishment of Regional Commission on Bangsamoro Women (RCBW) and the role of Miriam Coronel-Ferrer as the world’s first woman to be appointed the peacemaker in the peace talks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roof Crown of the mosque is a 3D ornament designed in various shapes and sizes. Roof Crown has its own unique characteristics that have a basic rectangle, pyramid-shaped, terraced, and have angle decoration. However, the uniqueness of the mosque's rooftop crown is now threatened and its numbers are dwindling due to the fact that some of the people who do not accept and say that this decoration is not in the mosque building due to reasons which do not adhere to Islamic teachings. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to be mapping the location of the roof crown of mosque and the typological classification of the crown design found on the crown roof of the mosque in Malacca. The research method used to achieve this objective is to use qualitative methods involving library and field studies as well as using typology of analysis. This study was conducted in all districts in the State of Malacca namely Jasin, Central Malacca and Alor Gajah. The research was carried out in 360 ° visual documentation using DJI Phantom 3 Standard Dron technology to get detailed roof crown design as well as Google Maps application to map the location of the mosque. The use of Adobe Illustrator also helped to create a visual illustration of a mosque's crowning crown in Malacca. The results of this study have found that 38 traditional mosques still have a rooftop crown in Malacca. The results of this study have identified several types of design typologies that have been featured in the design of a mosque roof crown in Malacca. The findings of this study are expected to keep the crown jewel of the mosque still in use in the mosque building as an art decoration that represents the identity of the local Muslim community, especially in Malacca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic economic development is a task incumbent upon a good Muslim community. Indonesia has, in recent years, accelerated its economic development -especially in the area of infrastructure development -thereby requiring additional funding sources to aid this development. Thus, the government has issued Project Based Sukuk (PBS), which aims to finance the development of the country’s infrastructure. PBS is a Shariah-based financing instrument that is an alternative for Muslim communities which are interested in building a country’s economy without elements of ribā. This instrument has a main contract in the form of ijārah and supporting contracts, one of which is al-bay‘. However, the application of these contracts can only be said to be valid from a Sharā‘ perspective if all rules and conditions are throughly fulfilled. This study focuses on analyzing the application of the al-bay‘ contract on PBS. It uses a data collection method by interview and review of literature, which was then analyzed inductively to draw conclusions from the specific to the general. The study found that the majority application of the al-bay‘ contract to PBS is in line with the principles of Shariah, although there are still some issues still to be rectified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses weak hadith and its requirement for the use of rule determination of Islamic law according to Shāfiʿī school. This current study objectively provides the insights for Muslims in Malaysia relating to the methods of weak hadith’s application by Shāfiʿī school. Therefore, Malay tradition could be signified on whether it is abided or not to the rule of the school. Document research method is solely used in this study by referring to the previous works, theses and related journals. The findings reported in this paper highlighted that Shāfiʿī school does not apply weak hadith in establishing the rule of Islamic law, except as a precaution to avoid makruh conducts. Thus, if the hadith is supported by way of mutābaʿāt and shawāhid, ijmak, qiyas, and the practice of the companions of the prophet, it can be used as an argument in the rule establishment. Pertaining to faḍā’il al-ʿamal issue, it has been initiated that Shāfiʿī school has not only use weak hadith in stating reward and sin, it also used in establishing the rule of istiḥbāb. Hence, weak hadith could not specify the certain guide of an ibadah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ṣukūk emerged in the last two decades as a noteworthy contender for conventional bonds. Their wider appeal for Muslim populations around the world led to more issuers preferring to issuing ̋ukūk over conventional bonds. This is the case for most countries in the Islamic World, but not Kuwait, despite it being a world-renowned pioneer and hub for innovation and creativity in Islamic Finance and Shariah-compliant capital markets. This study examines the legal and regulatory framework for ̋ukūk in the State of Kuwait after giving a brief history of its development. Through qualitative analysis of news sources, country reports, and academic papers, this study attempts to identify the major challenges and hurdles facing the development of ̋ukūk despite the illustrious track record of the Islamic Finance industry in Kuwait. As per the study, the most notable challenges and hurdles are in relation to the benchmark yield curve, public awareness, and listing of ̋ukūk. The study concludes by suggesting possible solutions which all require a higher level of coordination between government entities and relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surin Pitsuwan (1949-2017) is a respected Thai Muslim political figure at local, regional and international levels. Surin’s political leadership excellence in Thailand and Southeast Asia highlighted his reformative ideas of building the progress of Muslims society at the global stage. Surin used political and educational platforms to promote and implement his ideas of reform in building a respected Muslim community in Thailand. This study reveals Surin’s biography, elaborates Surin’s major ideas of community reform and examines Surin’s contributions and its implication to socio-political and economic development of the Muslim community in Thailand and Southeast Asia. This study uses document analysis, observation and interviews that are field-based qualitative methods as a means of data collection. The study summarizes the ideas of Surin’s reform in the context of elevating the position of Thailand Muslims focusing on the development of values and equality policies in administration and culture. It also emphasizes the importance of positive and harmonious process of acceptance and change adaptation of the current Islamic societies, especially in Thailand, in facing the challenges of today’s civilization. As well as the demand for building a strong, open and integrated educational institution in order to produce a competitive Muslims. Surin’s contributions in the socio-political and economic development of Muslim community in Thailand are significant and meaningful. Despite the struggle in building a respected Thai Muslim community, his life achievement in education and political career became inspiration for young Thailand Muslims to pursue self-development in all aspects of life in today’s challenging world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takmir studies in mosques are a form of lifelong learning (PSH) which has been implemented by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) since 1985. It has contributed towards understanding the religion continuously among the Muslim community. Therefore, this research is to identify respondents’ acceptance towards the materials and teaching methodology of takmir studies in mosque institutions. This study used a quantitative research design. A total of 30 mosques were selected using cluster sampling in the state of Selangor. A total of 400 respondents were selected to participate in three district zones mosque in Selangor. Data were mainly collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential based on the values of frequency, percentage, mean value and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results found that respondents’ acceptance of mawduk in akidah learning was at high mean value (mean = 3.90), the acceptance of mawduk in ibadah learning was at high mean value of 4.03, the acceptance of mawduk in akhlak learning was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.98), the acceptance of mawduk in hadith and tafsir learning was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.69), and the acceptance of mawduk in sirah learning was at the moderate mean value (mean = 3.69). In addition, this study found that the respondents’ acceptance towards the educators’ teaching methodology was at moderate mean value (mean = 3.58). This study also has found that there was a significant difference of frequency of respondents joining the mosque’s takmir studies with the materials provided (P = 0.007, P<0.05) and the teaching methodology (P = 0.035, P<0.05). The research implications showed that the mosque’s takmir studies was accepted well among Muslim community for providing them with important values towards lifelong learning (PSH) to strengthen their religious life. Thus, takmir studies in mosques should be organized systematically towards aspects related to the curriculum, teaching and learning materials and teacher training, in order to instill positive impact towards Muslims communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approach to non-Muslims among the da'wah movement in Malaysia has brought different approaches especially in relation to political relations with non-Muslims. This matter has implications in the selection and understanding by the dakwah movement of the hadiths that deal with non-Muslim approaches. This article discusses the hadiths relating to non-Muslims approach to the Dakwah Movement in Malaysia. The da'wah movement which is the focus of the study in looking at these hadiths is the two NGOs in Malaysia namely the Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA) and the Ikram Malaysia Organization (IKRAM). The studied Hadiths include the aspects of reconstruction and understanding of the approach to Non-Muslims among the Da'wah Movement. The findings show that the hadiths used by both da'wah movements have become similar and differentiated in the understanding of the approach towards non-Muslims in Malaysia. Equality is related to the understanding of the issue of al-Insaniah or the virtues of humanity towards non- Muslims. While the issue of difference is the aspect of political relations with non-Muslims where ISMA looks at the political situation in Malaysia with a view to disagree with the approaches in non-Muslim co-political (tahaluf siyasi) arrangements besides bringing the traditions that lead to the ban. While IKRAM is more concerned with building a non-Muslim political relationship and looking at good governance in government as well as the opportunity to convey dakwah and Islamic voices to non-Muslims. The implications of this study provide an understanding that the discussion of these hadiths is ijtihadi by both da'wah movements and each view has its own justification and argument in an effort to safeguard the welfare of Islam in Malaysia and the continuity of da'wah in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dato’ Dr. Haron Din (1941-2016) is part of the country's scholars who has contributed a lot to the Muslim community in Malaysia. He is recognised by many parties including the government as an influential figure. This qualitative study aims to analyse the stature of Dato’ Dr. Haron Din in conveying the message and work of da'wah in the context of spreading the appreciation of the Quran. This significance of this study is the focus on his contribution to the field of the Quran that can be emulated after his absence. Besides, this study proves that he is highly committed to delivering the Qur'anic pamphlets to be lived in Muslim life. This research method applies inductive methods to obtain biographical facts and contributions of Dato’ Dr. Haron Din. Descriptive methods are carried out to analyse and describe the aspects of character and contribution of facts. The findings of the study have shown Haron Din has contributed to the appreciation of the Quran through knowledge sharing activities, the establishment of Darussyifa', his prominence as a PAS leader and national services such as the advisory panel and the head of the Dakwah Cluster of Majlis Perundingan Islam Kebangsaan. In each of his involvement, da'wah to the Quran is often emphasised as a result of his high understanding of the Quran and the Sharia studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man cannot depend solely on science and technology to solve environmental problems. In fact, scholars and environmentalists have observed that some of the causes of environmental deterioration are rooted in science and technology. It is clear that environmental problems need ethical solution. However, environmentally ethical behaviour (EEB) is often overlooked in the life of a Muslim. This behaviour is important, particularly, to ensure the future of civilization of the Islamic world and, generally, civilization as a whole. Given the fact that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are more sensitive to the transformation of public behaviour compared to other groups, this article discusses the perspectives of Malaysian NGOs on the transformation of Muslim EEB in Malaysia in three aspects: (a) The type of EEB practiced by Muslims in Malaysia; (b) The transformation process of EEB experienced by Muslims in Malaysia; and (c) Whether or not the transformation of EEB of Muslims in Malaysia is motivated by the values advocated by Islam. The research adopted a qualitative research method of data collection, i.e., focus group discussions (FGDs). FGD’s results illustrated that: (a) Pre-cycling, reusing and recycling are the common types of EEB practiced by Muslims in Malaysia; (b) The transformation process of EEB experienced by Muslims in Malaysia is not accelerating at the speed that we hoped for; and (c) The transformation of EEB of Muslims in Malaysia is motivated more by economic and social factors as well as level of education and regulation enforcement compared to the values advocated by Islam.

The halal logo is an important symbol of the Muslim community in Malaysia especially and around the world. This logo is the standard for consumers in determining the legitimacy of a food. From a consumer perspective, it is one of the instruments for choosing food and restaurant premises as a dining destination. Although the existence of this logo is a positive development for Muslims in Malaysia, this scenario has caused the Muslim community to put their full reliance on this logo in the selection of restaurants. The level of knowledge in determining halal is low among the people. The community lacks the ability to determine the legitimacy of a food because of the high degree of dependence on the logo. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the concept of halal logo use, identifying consumer awareness of the use of halal logo and assessing the level of dependence of Muslim users on the halal logo. The design of the study was the observation-based survey. Participation observation is conducted to critically examine, view and review situations or events based on the objectives established. Unstructured observations are performed without reference to a specific set of activities or aspects. Observations were made on food premises located at one of the major shopping malls in the Klang Valley. The findings are expected to assess the extent to which consumers have been exposed to the use of halal logos in food establishments in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Syariah criminal law enforcement in Malaysia often invites negative comments and polemic among the Muslim society. Shariah criminal law must be treated with prudence, caution and carefull so as not to provoke criticism and slander from the public and to ensure that its enforcers emphasize the principles of justice. One of the issues that makes Syariah criminal law unsuccessful is that practitioners potray diffrences in interpreting existing legal provisions. The interpretation of the provision is necessary because the provisions stated are general, do not explain the actual meaning and the elements that constitute the offense. In addition, the need for interpretation is due to different backgrounds among the legal practitioners involved likes Religious Enforcement Officers, Syariah Prosecutors and Syariah Judges. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the interpretation of cohabitation offences under the Syariah Offences Enactment (Melaka state) 1991. This study is a qualitative study using a document analysis approach and semi-structured interviews in data collection. The data were analyzed thematically and descriptively. The results of this study are able to ilustrate in detail the meanings and elements of the provision of cohabitation. This study can assist the authorities, legal practitioners and Syariah Courts in enforcing Shariah criminal law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremism is not a new character in the social system of Muslims. This understanding is deeply rooted and often comes through misleading representations that make it difficult for the public to determine its true principles. The dispersion of some of them is extensive, well-planned and organized. The rapid changes in technology and the diversified media dissemination are among the factors this belief continues to penetrate the world and influence all social levels including professionals. Continuous efforts should be carried out to curb this belief from interfering with the unity of religion. In order to do so, this article will elaborate on the findings of the study to determine the level of knowledge and understanding of extremism among Muslims in Malaysia and the extent to which they react to extremism. Cross sectional survey design was used as the research method. The data were obtained through a set of questionnaires from 1459 samples of Muslim civil servants selected randomly from all over Malaysia. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0. The results show that the level of knowledge of Islamic extremism concept is high at min=4.06, sp=0.51, level of understanding of Islamic society on extremism is also high, min=4.30, sp=0.45 and their prevention reaction to extremism activity is also high, min=4.19, sp=0.42. It is crystal clear that overall findings of the study show that the Muslim community in Malaysia has matured into extremism affairs and has taken proactive approach in dealing with issues related to extremism. This finding also shows that the movement is still under control but should be monitored to maintain the religious harmony among the Muslim community in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the absence of the father, the obligation to support an orphan financially was charged upon the heirs of the orphan's father according to fiqh and Islamic Family Law in Malaysia. However, Muslims in Malaysia may not clearly understand this as cases reported and filed on heirs in bearing orphans is quite rare and uncommon. This study identifies obligation of heirs in financing the orphan according to fiqh as well as Islamic Family Law in Malaysia, and to analyse the level of understanding and practices among Malaysians relating to this obligation. This study adopts a mixed mode design which consists of content analysis, careful surveys, and in-depth interviews with selected judges and orphanage managers in Klang Valley. For surveys, 400 respondents were randomly selected to represent Muslim society in Klang Valley and the findings were subject to descriptive statistics. The results found that society's level of understanding concerning the obligation of heirs in supporting the orphan is high in terms of fiqh or Islamic Family Law. Despite of this, in practice, the support received by orphans from their heirs after being orphanage is exceedingly discouraging. Meanwhile, cases filed on the heirs regarding their obligation to supporting and bearing the orphan are rarely reported. This study suggests the need for a body that can act to advise and assist the mother and guardian of orphans to file claim for the maintenance of orphans to heirs. Public awareness campaigns, particularly implication of negligence by the assignee from the perspective of the law and penalties that may be imposed by the authorities should be disseminated to the Muslim community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of contemporary Salafi school in the mainstream Muslims is intended to make the Ahl al-Salaf as the primary models of faith and to return the related problems of faith according to the path taken by the companions and tabi'in, which had been quoted only from the al-Quran and al-Sunnah. These stances left great influences on their method of interpretations upon the Quranic verses including the Ayat al-Sifat (verses on Divine Attributes) and condemning others out of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. Therefore this research is intended to identify responses of Muslim figures and scholars against the Contemporary Salafi School's stances and their method of interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat. In addition, this research is also intended to explain the views of the majority of scholars on the conceptual and methods of interpretation of Ayat al-Sifat adopted by the Ahl al- Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. The paper is produced with the synthesization of content analysis that focuses on published works by selected Contemporary Salafi school figures and other muslim scholars and also relevant contemporary researchers in relation to these issues of Ayat al-Sifat and its methods of interpretations. The results of this research found that most scholars do not accept the method of literal interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat proclaimed by Contemporary Salafi School due to the existence of two catogeries of the Quranic verses, which are known as Wadih Jalli and Khafi Mutashabih or Mutashabih al-Sifat. In certain cases, the method of 'ta'wil' is highly needed to clarify the meaning of Ayat al-Sifat so easily understood by human intellect and at the same time to purify Allah the almighty from signs of weaknesses and resemblance. The extreme acts from Contemporary Salafi School in defending their methods of interpretations make them an 'exclusive' school which separated themselves from other muslims, and limit the diversity of the methods of interpretations enabled by the majority of mufassirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, Friday sermons have been utilized by Slates' religious authorities and goyernmenl to Influence the opinion of majority Muslim Nevertheless, the extent of the khutba as a medium to increase the level of acceptance of Sharia law in Malaysia has yet lobe discussed by any researcher. Thus, this article will discuss on how far khutba has spread and promoted hudud law in Malaysia, a motion that contradicted to the government's stand, despites so many initiatives June been launched to curb the influence of Islamlsm in mosques This research analysed khutba texts that had been delivered in 201 i until 2016 in several Malaysian States which transcriptions were accessible on the official website of the state religious department. All texts were analysed using filvtvo II software by thematic approach. This study found that religious bureaucrats in state level have been playing significant roles in shaping the society s understanding and support for the prospect of hudud law. Even though it is considered as rhetoric, the hudud law has been depicted in khutba as a divine law that should not be criticized and believe to offer a solution to decrease the criminal rale in the society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the Muslim population ofMalaysia corresponds with the growth of the general population. Implicitly, projection of the value of unclaimed Muslim inheritance estate which has reached more than RM60 billion will be more critical if the increase in the Muslim population is not balanced with more comprehensive awareness and understanding of Islamic inheritance laws including the mechanism of takharuj in resolving distribution issues of Islamic inheritance laws. Given that Islamic inheritance laws must be complied with in distribution of inheritance estate, it must nevertheless be implemented in a realistic and practicable manner so that the objectives of the laws are achieved. Hence, the objective of this article is to discuss the relevance of applying the takharuj mechanism as a means of resolving distribution issues of inheritance within the framework of the Constitution and the socio-economy of the Muslim community in Malaysia. This qualitative research is based on primary and secondary sources using document analysis and is descriptively presented. Research results conclude that the takharuj approach is a significant and relevant aspect in the aspect of overcoming legal constraints in the context of Muslim inheritance distribution within the framework of the Constitution which constrains heirs from obtaining their rights, in dealing with extreme fragmentation ofproperty size and avoiding delay in managing of inheritance distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]