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Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diadora is the property of Archaeological Museum in Zadar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many masonry structures are located in seismically active areas where the action of seismic forces has revealed their vulnerability. Since such structures are built of composite materials, attention should be paid to all the structural elements that make it up. The objective of this paper is to present the procedure and analysis results for a masonry building in order to determine its seismic resistance. The AmQuake software, which facilitates the design and calculation of masonry buildings according to European standards and norms, was used for the analysis. By using the pushover method, the system response to an increasing horizontal force with a constant vertical load is monitored through the calculation. Based on the calculation results, a conclusion on the conducted analysis is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dissertations of Cultural Landscape Commission / Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego is the property of Polish Geographical Society (Cultural Landscape Commission) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper seeks to understand the verifiable presence of "knights" and "squires" in the municipal council meetings in Porto in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, using the books of "Atas de Vereação" of the period under analysis, but also by crossing with other documentary sources. We try to understand how this reality coexisted with the privilege that the city had long held and for which it permanently fought for centuries, at least until the reign of D. Manuel I, which prevented the residence and/or stay of noblemen within the walls of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNE: Journal of Technology for Architecture & Environment is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Housing Environment / Środowisko Mieszkaniowe is the property of Chair of Housing Environment, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Energy saving is one of the key challenges in the world. In recent years, there have been many concerns about the environmental consequences of energy consumption. In Iran, the building sector accounts for about 40% of total energy consumption. The building shell plays an essential role in controlling environmental conditions as the primary intermediary between the indoor and outdoor. The current study aims to investigate the thermal behavior of external walls of buildings in Mashhad city. The present study is carried out using a combined research and the external walls common in Mashhad city are identified through field studies and then, simulated in Design Builder software. Additionally, several new external walls, which are limited in terms of execution in Mashhad, are studied. The results show that among various external walls common in Mashhad City, HCB1 (a wall with 15cm clay block) is the weakest wall in terms of thermal response and A2 (a wall with 10cm ACC block and polystyrene insulation) is the most optimal wall in terms of thermal energy saving (. Using A2 wall will save 50% of total thermal load and 73% of heat loss through wall. However, the L2 wall (A wall with 10cm Leca block and polystyrene insulation) performs better in cold seasons because it prevents the exit of indoor heat due to its higher admittance coefficient, resulting in less energy required to meet building heating need, compared to other walls. Also, on the implementation of the dry facade system of the walls, it can be seen that implementing dry facade will reduce the total thermal load and heat loss through walls [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VLC Arquitectura is the property of VLC Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)