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The concept of quaternary prevention was integrated in 1999. into the international WONCA vocabulary as actions taken to identify patients at risk of over­prescribing drugs and diagnostic procedures that would do them more harm than good. The aim was to determine the place and role of quaternary prevention in primary care. The papers published until 31.12.2022. have been analyzed. We searched Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Mendeley, Serbian medical journals, books, strategies, and doctoral theses. The terms we used were: quaternary prevention, general medicine, overmedication, and diagnostic procedures. We restricted ourselves to works written in Serbian, English, and Croatian. Search has been performed from 01.09.2022. to 31.12.2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) scale parts were used to determine the validity of the papers collected. A total of 1899 papers were identified. We did not find meta­analyses, systematic literature reviews, and randomized studies. A total of 194 were analyzed. Highlighted as relevant 36. Quaternary prevention in primary care refers to the overuse of radiological and laboratory examinations, antibiotics, screening, individual patient access, good communication, reliance on evidence­based medicine, the workload in teams of selected doctors, and prompt consent to patient requests. Some sick patients are undiagnosed, concerned about their health, with functional problems, psychosomatic disorders, and unusual behavior during illness. Quaternary prevention has a place in breast and prostate cancer screening, immunization, mental health and osteoporosis drug marketing, hypertension, prediabetes, and dyslipidemia, a private health insurance program, and the use of high­resolution diagnostic technology. The most powerful way to avoid unnecessary medical procedures is to consistently apply evidence­based medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehors are an integral part of the urban context and image especially in consolidated historical contexts; therefore, their size and functional-spatial design must be regulated, taking into account both technical compliance and the environmental and architectural quality of the interventions in a process that considers the standard as a guiding measure to increase the quality of the interventions protecting public, private and city needs. This paper is developed following a technical-scientific agreement aimed at supporting the City Administration in defining new Regulations for the discipline of public spaces in the UNESCO site and buffer zone of Naples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for tenders published since 2001 under Law no. 338/00 have been characterised over the years by a gradual reduction in the standards and functional areas prescribed. This contraction, strongly accentuated by the decrees recently issued to reach 7,500 accommodation places by 2022 and 60,000 by 2026, risks undermining the virtuousness of the law by focusing primarily on economic and managerial aspects rather than on the quality of student housing and education. By collecting and processing unique data in terms of number and originality, this paper analyses and systematises the e(in)volution of the legal framework by comparing it with over 350 projects and constructions of university residences co-financed under the above-mentioned calls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper recounts the experience of the scientific collaboration agreement of the research group from DiAP, Sapienza University, Rome, with the municipality of Rome's CSIMU (Coordination of Infrastructure Development and Urban Maintenance) Department to provide technical support in the phase of drawing up the DIP (Technical Project Brief) and of verifying and validating the PFTE (Technical and Economic Feasibility Design) within the Institutional Development Contract programme titled "CIS - Roma Scuole Verdi". For its articulation of involved parties, complexity of the operative and regulatory framework, and size of interventions, CIS is considered a best practice of inter-institutional partnership and of capitalisation of technical know-how and skills aimed at achieving quality objectives in processes implementing strategic works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administrations, called upon to integrate the principles and criteria of Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) and Environmental Socia, Governance (ESG) in the planning, design and production of their investments, now find themselves operating within new decision-making scenerios and models, in the very broad framework of standards, including specialised ones, certification protocols and framework levels for sustainability assessment and reporting. This paper reports on a research experience aimed at defining tools and guidelines to incentivise and assess the environmental and social quality of projects and works (a collaboration between Agenzia del Demanio and Politecnico di Milano). It documents the challenges, limits and opportunities arising from overlapping compulsory regulations, standards and voluntary certification protocols for the qualification of public works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows some results of the research activities carried out in the spoke five of the National Biodiversity Future Center aimed at testing the effectiveness of urban regeneration projects, including the creation of Pocket Parks as adaptation strategies to climate change. The methodological approach adopted to validate the design of small scale resilient urban spaces implemented by the Municipality of Florence will be presented starting from the definition of state-of-the-art. Furthermore, it will analyse how the metaplanning model (based on the integration of NbS) and the predictive tools used in the experimentation can be used to develop future regulatory tools for planning and controlling the transformation of the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining procedural processes to support the involvement and empowerment of citizens, the main target of climate change, in order to integrate them into the holistic process of adaptation to extreme events is nowadays an extremely topical issue. Research is working towards the progressive standardisation of this process. The paper focuses on the outcomes of research on integrating the participatory approach into a methodology for climate proofing of the urban environment. The research results are include directions for increasing resilience through a cyclic step-by-step process for planning, prevention and management of the effects of disasters, centred on the involvement of different stakeholders, as well as the outcomes of the experimentation of such a process on three public housing (ERP) neighbourhoods in Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the complex healthcare design process and the absence of national regulations on the functional and spatial organisation of healthcare facilities, this paper discusses the Swedish use of non-regulatory Concept Programmes, i.e. orientation tools for the conceptual stages of design conceived to facilitate the systematic transfer of knowledge from research and best practices to the design practice. A comparison is also made with the design approach and the norm in the Italian context, stimulating a two-fold debate on: the tools and methods needed to guide the design of primary care facilities; the process that should lead to the definition of such tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the results of the recent technical policy for energy requalification in Italy, focusing on both the European objectives of decarbonisation, circularity and industrialisation of the sector, and the size and characteristics of demand. Starting from the comparison between the two main models of efficiency of the public and private building stock, based respectively on the Minimum Environmental Criteria and the Superbonus, the study examines the effectiveness and limitations of the measures for private construction, which constitutes the majority share of the entire Italian building stock. The study identifies the Energiesprong model as a possible way to improve the management and quality of energy requalification interventions capable of expanding their effectiveness beyond the environmental point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even today we are faced with a social demand for safer urban spaces. Composition, functional features and management of such spaces are the principles behind a quality and, therefore, safe urban project. However, the orientation to safety and, therefore, to the prevention of those places requires great attention to the structure, organisation and methods of use. The "environmental design" is the perspective, and the application of UNI CEN/TS 14383-2:2023 goes in this direction. A useful tool for the project, this paper highlights the dual function of the Technical Specification, both as a 'guide' during the design phase, and as a tool for the 'verification' of the project's final result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses the explanatory order of variables such as political identification, political efficacy and electoral participation in the political system from a multi-directional perspective. It also investigates how these variables are in turn influenced by segmentation variables, including age, gender, income, educational level, social class and religiosity. The paper examines the structural relationships between socio-demographic profiles and voter turnout, considering the potential influence of political efficacy and party identity. Structural models were applied using data from the CIS 3226 Survey. The findings indicate the significant role of political identification in explaining perceived political efficacy and electoral behaviour, the effect of political efficacy on voter turnout, and the changing influence of classical segmentation variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Spanish citizens' views of public service expenditure, related to their socio-demographic characteristics, values and political economic conjunctures. The study's contributions are: 1) Bringing the analysis up to the present time, including the COVID and post COVID periods; 2) Analysing the determinants by using a multivariate regression analysis; and 3) Studying the relationship between assessments of public service expenditure and actual spending, identifying significant patterns, especially in education and healthcare. The results obtained are robust, especially for welfare policy assessments. Important sociological changes in the assessment of public policies are identified and additional evidence is provided about the highly important role played by cultural values ("symbolic predispositions") with respect to "self-interest" in explaining the assessment of public spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access of rural societies to welfare opportunities and resources is at the core of policy and research agendas. The persistent ruralurban gap increases the risks of exclusion and is a challenge that rural dwellers tackle by bolstering their mobility to access labour markets, resources and services. The car has become a vector in the connections and transformations that sustain rural life; however, this mobility is also a source of new fractures in social and territorial cohesion. This paper explores how the rural mobility system has been shaped and analyses its impact on these societies. The results suggest integrating the issue of mobility into rural policies from a more complex sociological perspective, addressing demographic challenges, regional development and territorial cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on aggregate-level or cross-sectional survey data, extant research suggests that economic inequality erodes social trust. In this article we distinguish between cross-sectional and longitudinal components of inequality, using a sample of approximately 140,000 individuals in 19 countries over a thirty year period (1990- 2020). Accounting for individual-level predictors as well as the direct and conditional effect of income, findings suggest a strong negative association between inequality and trust among countries. Individuals from countries with higher levels of inequality systematically report lower levels of trust, but evidence is less clear to substantiate that individuals are less trusting of one another during times of higher inequality. In the second part of the paper, we reassess these findings using subnational data for Spain between 2008 and 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will describe the former boundaries of the cadastral municipalities in the Slovenian-Italian cross-border area between the Socerb castle and the Rosandra valley. Today, the villages of Socerb and Beka are located on the Slovenian side of the border, and Mačkolje (Caresana), Prebeneg (Prebenico), Dolina (San Dorlingo della Valle), Boljunec (Bagnoli della Rosandra), Kroglje (Crogole), Gornji Konec (Bagnoli Superiore) and Botač (Bottazzo) on the Italian side. At the time of the Franciscan cadastral survey in this area (from 1818 to 1822), i.e., at the time of the Austrian Empire, these villages, except for Mačkolje, belonged to the district of Fünfenberg, which was part of the province of Istria. Therefore, the same type of cadastral municipality boundary marks from the Franciscan or a revised cadastral survey can be found here as elsewhere in the present-day territory of Slovenia. In addition to the twelve boundary stones with inscriptions, we will also present two natural boundary marks: inscriptions carved on the entrance walls of a cave and inscriptions carved on the smooth rock wall. We will also show that the boundary stones in the Primorska region, which have the same shape as the former cadastral municipality boundary stones, could also have once marked former common lands of agrarian communities, here called jusi, and these were not always the same as the cadastral municipality boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essentially as a consequence of the COVID epidemic, there has been recently a large decrease in car registrations in Europe, accompanied by a substantial change in the evolution process of the split of car registrations between the three types of cars equipped with different propulsion systems that are offered on the market. There has been a fall in the proportion of the cars equipped with internal combustion engine (ICE), while there has been a boost to the production, and thus a push for electric car sales, both battery powered (BEV) and hybrid (HEV and PHEV). By using a dynamic model of competition between these three types of cars, this paper explains that this evolution process tends to a situation in which the car market in Europe will be dominated by hybrid cars, with ICE cars and BEV cars in marginal roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia Nervosa is a debilitating pathology with a long evolution and multiple relapses. The management of this pathology is more difficult to achieve the younger the patient is and the longer the duration of the disease. The treatment encompasses pharmacotherapy for the acute phase, along with individual and family psychotherapy. Additionally, psychoeducation plays a crucial role in the enhancing symptom management In this paper, after a brief presentation of the pathology, I have pointed out various psychotherapy techniques that could be beneficial in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, special attention is given to the unique aspects of each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution has become a major global concern with profound implications for public health worldwide. Among the most significant air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, and ammonia, which have serious and wide-ranging effects on human health. Respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia, are frequently associated with air pollution, while the risk of developing other serious conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular problems is also elevated. Of particular concern is the exposure of children to air pollution, as their immune systems are not fully developed, and they spend more time outdoors, where pollution concentrations are often higher. In Serbia, as in many other countries, integrated intersectoral measures are necessary to reduce air pollution and protect the health of citizens. This paper aims to provide a basic overview of air pollution issues in Serbia and explore control and measurement measures to better understand the fundamental concepts and make progress in addressing this serious problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe and problematize the different models and approaches that attempt to understand disability throughout current history. People elaborate on these through their interactions as social subjects. In this sense, social representations about these models can maintain their validity, with greater or lesser legitimacy. Based on a qualitative review, we analyze the characteristics of the leading models and approaches proposed by various authors in the last two decades, linking them with social representations as discursive production and with the social practices of a given context that is simultaneously constructed. We conclude that this critical review leads to a rethink of social representations, professional practices, and discursive crossings from the different models and approaches to disability. Finally, we reflect on how, when presented as hegemonic and totalizing representations, models can deprive the subject with a disability of agency, preventing him/her/them from critically reflecting, rethinking, and re-presenting him/her/them, as well as from making decisions based on his/her subjectivity expressed in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampling processes in mineral exploration often result in preferentially sampled areas, with the formation of clustering. Some factors can cause areas to be preferentially sampled, accessibility conditions, attribute values, and the sampling strategy. Clustering impacts statistical inference of area. The objective of the present paper is to propose a new approach to declustering methods using Kohonen network, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). SOM are a type of artificial neural network used for unsupervised classification. The methodology assigns each sample a weight to calculate the declustered mean. The assignment of weight to each sample in an area is inversely proportional to the densely sampled in area. The declustered mean is given by the sum of the weight multiplication with the attribute value of each sample. Therefore, the logic of assigning weights is similar to Cell Declustering method, but the delimitation of the densified areas is different. SOM identifies areas with non-linear margins, unlike the Cell Declustering method. A case study is presented, using the Walker Lake data set. The present research is not intended to replace classical declustering methods, but rather to present a new approach to a routine problem in reserve evaluation. Although the mathematics of the applied technique is indeed complex, the results can be promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing spatial analysis based on a correct multifunctional geographically oriented model in the domain of road accident is an important part of the overall transport system management. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a methodology for using a digital road model, defining optimal parameters for building a road graph and georeferencing occurred events to determine a spatial autocorrelation index of road accidents, entirely using open data. To achieve this goal, the foundation of international standardization laid down in ISO 19100 - Geographic information is used in combination with the method for spatial autocorrelation, extended for a network, practically implemented through the capabilities of the Python programming language as an element of a Geoinformation system of road accidents. Open-source data from the OpenStreetMap geoportal were processed, as well as real archive data for 1,288 serious accidents on the territory of the city of Sofia, Bulgaria, and a spatial autocorrelation coefficient was calculated to determine the dependence or independence of the number of road accidents between individual areas with its accuracy and reliability. The result is the definition of a correct basis for carrying out spatial analysis with the laying of a foundation for the subsequent study of various factors and the definition of a complex of reasons, the establishment of which will lead to a reduction in traffic injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate whether Apian could be the developer of his namesake map projections. Evidences suggest that these mappings should not have been named after Apian. The most likely inventor of the Apian I map projection is Amerigo Vespucci, and the Apian II projection was probably developed only 300 years later by Frangois Arago. Given that the case of Apian map projections is not a single example when the map projection is not named after its real inventor and the original authorship of more mappings might be questioned in the future, the cartographic community should revise, whether it is a good convention to name map projections after their supposed inventor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we approach some of Luigi Nono's creative processes as a way of "composing by ear", or "com-posição" (wordplay in Portuguese: to compose at the same time to position oneself, politically speaking) as a reciprocal positioning regarding the other, based on an open and engaged listening process. In addition, we stress the composer's interest in experimentation with text, voice, and space, in the creative-collaborative process with performers and technicians, and experimentation inside the electroacoustic studio. We highlight a few important remarks found in his writings and how his ideas came to fruition in his compositions, in particular in the works "A floresta é jovem e cheia de vida" (1965-66) and "A Pierre. Dell'azzurro silenzio, inquietum" (1985). We understand that for Nono the composition process associated with the listening process - the idea of "composing by ear" - became a vital characteristic in his late period - especially in his mixed works -, because it allows the emergence of unpredictable and unfamiliar sonic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes some critical reflections relating to rail transport of people in Europe, with an indepth analysis on the Italian context. Some large numbers relating to high-speed railways and regional railways are compared, highlighting the limits and inequities of the policies pursued by some states that have preferred the logic of corridors to widespread networks. Therefore, the opportunity to change strategy is affirmed, adopting a different approach in the development policies of railway transport, inspired by territorial, economic, social and environmental equity (Fair-Sustainable Transport). The railways system of Calabria is analysed as a representative case study. Through a qualitative-quantitative analysis, the most significant critical issues are highlighted; 2 alternative scenario designs are then illustrated (new high-speed line, upgrading of infrastructures and services on the existing network), with related performance and cost characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about how to learn from past experience and how to move towards the new forms of capitalism that must be at the heart of a mission-driven system, in which the big issues of our time such as the digital divide, health systems and climate change are central, and how to work together to address them. This paper is about how to design a production system that is collective, but more importantly one that properly distributes the rewards, rather than the dysfunctional way we currently do it, which is to socialise the risks and costs and then privatise the benefits. I have had the honour of working with policy makers around the world to bring the notion of challenge, purpose and mission-drive to the heart of public policy design. This paper is also about systemic change, about what it really means, about how we understand the economy, about how to produce differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability is a feature of contemporary universities that play a pivotal role in leading their societies to achieve comprehensive sustainable development regionally and globally through education, learning, scientific research, community service, and environmental development. Hence, the current paper seeks to propose a framework of an environmental sustainability-oriented Egyptian university considering the experiences of Waterloo University (Canada), Griffith University (Australia) and Aswan University (Egypt) and the Egyptian cultural context that enables it to tackle environmental dangers. Accordingly, the paper relies on the Brian Holmes’ Problem Solving Approach employed in comparative educational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the enhancement of the project for the intervention on existing disused buildings with three sequential objectives: converting tertiary buildings to the hybrid housing function; regenerating buildings, providing them with continuous transformative capacity and making them functionally convertible; providing a housing model of temporary uage duration, according to the principle of House as a Service. Considering the temporal variable, the proposal defines criteria that guide the reconversion of buildings in relation to the dynamic needs of the different categories of users and stakeholders who are involved in the decision-making process and, through the hedonic price method, investigates the influence that the qualities attributed to the performance of the building have on the formation of their value, highlighting the perception of value and the acceptance of green performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of dementia and the need for palliative care services in Romania will increase in the coming years, and the way in which patients or relatives choose the type of palliative care service differs. Therefore, we considered that the decision of the relatives regarding the form of palliative care of the patient, can be influenced by a cultural characteristic (the religiosity) and by certain socio-demographic characteristics. This paper aimed to verify the effect of certain socio-demographic factors (gender, age, level of studies, monthly income, environment of provenance) and religious on a recipient's decision to choose from palliative care services (home care and hospitalization in a unit with beds) for a patient diagnosed with a form of dementia. The data collection was performed through a questionnaire applied to the relatives of patients with a form of dementia, hospitalized within the "Socola" Psychiatric Institute in Iasi. Most of our results contradict a number of studies used in theoretical analysis, so we notice that there is a statistically significant association only with the variable „age" (p = 0.011 < 0.05). These results contribute to the development of literature in the field of palliative care, especially in the context in which there is a limited resource of data concerning, not only patients but also their relatives. It is important to focus on constantly informing patients and caregivers about what dementia is, but especially about how patients can benefit from specialized services, thus reducing the possibility of decisions that could significantly affect the quality of life of patients, especially in recent years of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry meat is appreciated by consumers for its nutritional value, low fat content, versatility of use in various cuisines and affordable prices. However, its susceptibility to spoilage due to multiple pre-slaughter and processing factors poses challenges for the meat industry, especially in developing countries. To improve the safety of poultry products, synthetic preservatives like nitrites, butylated hydroxytoluene and sulphites are used. Currently, these additives/preservatives have, however, raised concerns about their impact on human health, prompting a shift from consumers toward natural alternatives, such as medicinal and aromatic plants. Therefore, this paper delves into the potential of plant extracts as natural preservatives for improving the quality and shelf-life of chicken meat and processed products. It provides an overview of the various plant extracts and essential oils that have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, without compromising the sensory attributes of the products. Different incorporation methods are discussed, including direct incorporation or marination in aqueous and/or alcoholic extracts, and the use of essential oils, including for in vivo animal feed supplementation. Overall, each method influences the final product quality differently. We further summarised the current knowledge about the mechanisms of action of the plant extracts tested, even though they are not fully elucidated. Despite the benefits of these compounds, some challenges have to be addressed, including standardising the composition of the extracts, harmonising the sensitivity of the bioactive compounds with the processing conditions, ensuring cost effectiveness and obtaining regulatory approvals for their use. The scaling up of production to meet industry demands also presents some technical challenges. Overall, the application of natural plant preservatives not only enhances chicken meat quality, but also could support the meat industry to align with the evolving consumer expectations for sustainable food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After ten years, drawing indiscriminately the neighborhoods of Valencia, for no other reason than to observe and represent every corner of the city, we finally decided to use the communicative capacity of drawing as a tool to reclaim El Cabanyal’s negletic state of abandonment, that has been going through for many years, regardless its political burden. After setting this goal and analysing the morphological and social history of this neighborhood, we decided to travel the streets and rooftops of El Cabanyal, talk to its people, and draw, in situ, those different spaces, shapes, colors, atmospheres ... giving rise to dozens of drawings that immortalize the (still alive) remains of this urban ecosystem. Paper-shaped witnesses sketched with latent architectures, persecuted and threatened by oblivion that will accompany us during the course of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes the themes discussed during the learning process in the "Epistemology of Knowledge" discipline of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - FGG, which presented as a curricular proposal the reflection of the elements that make up the epistemological discussion of knowledge, ranging from the conceptions of science and its methods, to questions such as: formation of the scientific spirit; epistemological thinking; Piaget's genetic epistemology; Karl Popper; science with conscience; archeology of knowledge; complexity and freedom; structures of scientific revolutions; and the scientific development of Accounting. The readings carried out demanded in the elaboration of short paper and discussions on the themes, promoting a better understanding and conception about science and its epistemological assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming teacher education as a game played among agents in the educational field, this paper analyzes the case of Early Bird Project, which introduced the English language in primary public schools in the state of São Paulo/Brazil through a partnership between the São Paulo State Secretary of Education and Dutch Institutions. Through the lens of the field concept developed by Pierre Bourdieu, and analyzing documentary and bibliographic data and also semi-structured interviews with teachers from the project, this paper focuses on the ramifications of the proposal’s teacher education of the project, highlighting elements that, together, put at stake the continuity of the game of teacher education and the role of university in this competitive space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes pedagogical experiences of a Science teacher who taught in a Rio de Janeiro’s public school between the 1960s and 1990s. Her experiences relate to a singular pedagogical action structured by building and maintaining a zoo where wild animals were protected and used in didactic activities under ecological-evolutionary perspectives and on behalf of the conservation of wild fauna. The paper discusses the changes in the teacher’s practices that was originated by resignifications of naturalistic traditions, appropriated during her initial formation in Natural History in the face of the increasing influence of the field of Environmental Education over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative demographic trends in Croatia (natural decrease, negative net migration and population aging) are increasingly influencing socio-economic development of the country. Already in early 21st century, the long term decrease of live births and the increase of deaths were recognized as destabilizing factors of population development in Croatia. After the Croatian accession to the EU, the concerns regarding future demographic development of the country raised even more due to intensive emigration to other EU countries, which coincided with the historically low birth rates and high death rates. The focus of this paper is on mortality trends in Croatia in the first two decades of the 21st century. In this period, mortality in Croatia was influenced by different socio-economic, demographic, and epidemiological factors. Given the lack of recent papers dealing with mortality in Croatia, the main aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the changes in selected mortality indicators and contribute to the discussion on recent mortality trends in Croatia. The results of this research indicate that Croatia experienced some positive changes regarding mortality (increase of life expectancy at birth and decrease of infant mortality rates in the first period, in particular), but, some of the trends are not favourable, particularly the changes in the causes of death. Although improvements were observed regarding the share of deaths caused by the diseases of the circulatory system, there was a notable increase in deaths caused by the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases which can be attributed to the unhealthy lifestyle and various behavioural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the ideals of education for human flourishing and global friendship announced in Article 26, § 2 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It argues that character education is an essential component of education for human flourishing and global friendship, and that character education must do more than teach general principles and cultivate virtues of character. It must also confront the mistrust, resentments, and myths that divide societies by facilitating the formation of school communities and friendships that bridge the chasms of ‘us’ and ‘them’ group identities. The paper outlines the role of just school communities in character education, the importance of civic friendship, the psychological research on intergroup contact, and the fostering of global civic friendship. It concludes that character education adequate to today’s challenges can only succeed through a whole-school approach that is need supportive, just, and promotes friendly intergroup contact in the interest of global civic friendship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representations of space do not fittingly reflect the lived experiences of the margin. Representational spaces, on the other hand, are linked to underground social life and art (Lefebvre 39), which are expressed through complex signs and symbols, sometimes coded and sometimes not. Revisiting these spaces provides an understanding of the spatial practices of the marginalized bodies within the existing social relations. This paper interrogates the discursive practices of those mediated bodies through a visual narrative. The paper also challenges the center-periphery rhetoric, revealing an ambiguous and ambivalent marginality that is not fixed. The images are used as a methodological tool to elaborate the actions of the bodies in space. A series of exclusions intertwined within the spatial practices not only confirms the ambiguity of the margin but also reveals that it is a process of becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on selected cartographic depictions of Korčula from the early modern age, the paper examines the geographical knowledge about that island at the time the maps were made. Special attention is directed to the hitherto unknown map of the island of Korčula from the second half of the 16th or the first half of the 17th century, which is kept in the Archivio di Stato di Venezia, given that it shows a very detailed escription of the island of Korčula, especially its western part. The objective of this paper, using the example of the island of Korčula, is to point out the importance of cartographic renderings as an important source of spatial data and to determine whether there was a gradual improvement in the quality of the displayed geographical content in accordance with the assumed development of geographical knowledge and cartographic techniques from the beginning of the 16th century to the end of the 18th century. On the basis of the selected cartographic depictions of the island of Korčula, the significance of the island of Korčula in maritime and geographic frameworks characterized by different political interests, primarily that of Venice, was confirmed. The diachronic series of early modern geographical maps and nautical charts points to the gradual development of geographical knowledge about the island of Korčula, as well as to the improvement of the quality of graphical visualization of the relevant spatial data about that Croatian island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of geospatial information science and technology and applications in numerous areas, cartography and geospatial information education is becoming increasingly more important in training graduates equipped with new capacities. Cartography and geospatial information education are crucial to cartography and geospatial information science, as a discipline and a profession. The contents have always gradually been changing, as well as corresponding effective approaches to deliver sustainable and resilient education. In the new normal era of post COVID-19, summaries and reflections on the progress of available practices and theories can support better design of effective and quality education. In this paper, the conference papers and abstracts on educational topics published in the last 10 International Cartography Conferences are used to trace the path that educators in cartography and geospatial information have gone through. Bibliometric analysis is conducted on educational topics, authors, and regions. A domain term knowledge map is drawn showing that the number of publications on education in the International Cartography Conferences has been increasing. The geographic distribution of authors is very concentrated, with authors from European countries contributing about 50% of the publications and those from the top ten countries contributing 60%. Works in many other regions are less reported. The research topics are mainly focused on undergraduate and graduate education in geographic information systems, secondary education, education atlas, learning theories, learning environmental design, online education, etc. Pedagogies and experience of distance learning and online education in the last 20 years have been well applied. However best practices of online and distance education are rarely reported to support effective new normal education in the context of COVID-19 pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a proposal is presented on how cartographers can ensure and/or enhance the trustworthiness of maps. Maps, like all other means of communication, are a result of many decisions. Many of those decisions allow for several options. Default, clear or good practices, guidelines or recommendations do not always exist for which option to choose. It is rather a characteristic of cartography that individual decisions can be made, especially on data preparation, selection, and design aspects. Because every map is a result of many decisions, trust in maps depends on those decisions being reasonable, not questioned, transparently accessible or underpinned by reliable decision makers (reliable in terms of their record as an institution, because of their reputation, because of their competence). The advent of easy-to-use map making software and data handling instruments put some of those decisions in the hands of "everyone", as well as in the hands of many who might have an interest in using maps as instruments of communicating a specific agenda. This is like other means of communication and has led to a rising discussion on "fake news", "fake media" and "fake maps", thus ultimately how we can trust the communicated information and how we can distinguish "fake" from 'trustworthy" maps. Therefore, in this paper a proposal is presented on how cartographers can ensure and/or enhance the trustworthiness of maps. This is done by introducing two concepts of "going deep", allowing for transparency of cartographic decisions and "going wide", allowing for contextualizing a given map by being able to access alternative maps of the same topic. This proposal adds to the existing attempts to contribute to an ethical framework for map making, such as the Locus Charter or the Code of Ethics of the British Cartographic Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean maps are rarely in the scope of current studies on minimum-distortion map projections. This study aims to create an uninterrupted map projection to display planet Earth as the Blue Planet: the aspect of the projection is rotated into the middle of the water surface; favourable map distortions are optimized numerically across the World Ocean. The paper starts with a short overview of existing similar projections. In the next pages, the reader may find the detailed description on the development of the new mapping. The paper concludes with maps and distortion analysis in the proposed projection and thoughts about its potential usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is focused on the materials used for the manufacturing of the railway bogie frames. The paper will highlight the allowable and innovative materials after discussing the traditional materials related to the production of this vital rolling stock subsystem. Recently the design optimization is fundamental in all the automotive sectors, also in the railway field. For this reason the rail vehicle manufacturers have been engaged in a process of rolling stock innovation, reduction of cost, weight, material usage and environmental impact during the production and operation of the components. The optimization of the bogie frame has passed from the optimal design of shape, topology, material, the layout of components, the calculation of the strength and load-bearing characteristics of the frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western part of Zagreb is delineated by the Street of the Republic of Austria on the east side, Ilica Street in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerec stream in the west. It was enclosed into a masterplan for the first time in the Regulatory Plan from 1887 and envisaged as the extension of the Lower Town to the west. In the first Regulatory Plan of Zagreb from 1865, only the square in front of the railway station was located there, while the rest was not encompassed. Since the opening of the first railway station in 1862, industrial plants have been randomly built into the western part of the city. In 1878 the City Waterworks were put into operation and at that occasion the first Waterworks Road (Vodovodna cesta) was staked out, connecting Ilica, the historical roadway in the north (since the 15th century), with the City Waterworks. In Milan Lenuci’s Regulatory Plan from 1907 the western part of the city retained its layout. The only urban planning since the end of the 19th century until the First World War in the western part of Zagreb was implemented with the aim of connecting six army barrack complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period between the two world wars, Zagreb did not have a general regulatory basis according to which it would develop. Partial regulatory bases are created for individual areas. The western part of the city, which is bounded by the Republic of Austria Street in the east, Ilica in the north, the railway line in the south and the Črnomerca stream in the west, and which was included in the Regulatory basis from 1887 as an extension of the Lower Town, is being built by interpolating the blocks according to several regulatory bases created for individual regions. Industrial complexes, which at that time had priority over military ones, did not leave a significant urban element in the urban sense, and exceptions are rare, such as the administration building of the Factory "Hinka Francka sinovi d.d.". The construction in the western part of Zagreb between the two world wars was of a lower design and, in terms of construction, of lower quality than the previous era [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lot of evidence that people used stone in the construction of buildings, as well as for other purposes in the municipality of Livno throughout history, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds. Ever since the Bronze and Iron Ages, and through the Roman, medieval and Turkish periods, stone has been the main building material in these regions. In recent times, two dimension stone quarries have been opened on the territory of the municipality of Livno, one in the locality of Pogledala, east of the city, and the other in the locality of Kik, located between the Kamešnica and Dinara mountains. Both quarries were opened in massive limestones of Upper Cretaceous age. High-quality limestone with the commercial name "Silit light" is being exploited at the Pogledala quarry, and at the Kik site exploitation has been interrupted, but there is a great possibility of its continuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes are natural events and it is quite easy and beneficial to convert them to wealth (national asset) rather than catastrophe. The earthquakes exert their catastrophe on the buildings/structures founded in soil grounds. There is not even a single case study of an earthquake that caused a catastrophe where structures/buildings are founded on/in a rocky ground that is not proper for agriculture. However, almost all inland earthquakes, particularly strike-slip and normal fault zones ultimately create larger and thicker soil mantle, which is heated by (a) kinetic energy created by particle movements and (b) higher geothermal gradient peculiar to active fault zones. So, people should use fertile soil plains for agriculture and surrounding rocky lands for settlement in accordance with the recommendations of Mother Nature and State Laws and in accordance with the maxim "Love the nature, never challenge it”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

«Today, 600 million people in Africa do not have access to electricity and 900 million lack access to clean cooking facilities» (IEA, 2019). With this premise, the paper will explain the research agenda of the African Off-grid Housing project on how to design and build off-grid and affordable housing solutions for Sub-Saharan Africa. This ongoing project is being developed at the School of Architecture and Cities of the UoW with the support of the GCRF. The research agenda is based on the idea of producing innovative knowledge able to bridge traditional and advanced design strategies as well as construction technologies in response to the urgent need of sustainable and performative housing in Sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the effects of climate change and pandemics are emerging. This brings about the need for new models of interpretation and organisation of urban spaces to respond to the multiple impacts on human health and the built environment. Urban peripheries are among the most vulnerable areas due to physical and socio-economic degradation. This paper presents the results of the Federico II University research “PER_CENT/PERIFERIE AL CENTRO”. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research developed some innovative proposals for living spaces in the northern suburbs of Naples in line with European technical policies with integrated approaches for knowledge management, measurability of response to impacts and formulation of predictive scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic, with its environmental and socio-economic crises, has highlighted the urgency of structural responses. Overcoming this polycrisis requires the reactivation of a community and identity dimension of places. Cultural institutions can play an important role in this process. This paper proposes a focus on the role of ecomuseums in the creation of resilient communities, able to renew themselves to respond to crises. The ecomuseum movement is strongly committed to the eco-social transition of communities and territories and offers good practices for the management of common goods, methods and tools for the recognition of local identities, joint decision-making, co-planning, the care of living cultural heritage, the integral development of the landscape and the monitoring of impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]