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There was performed a statistical analysis of 164 records of pathological examination of persons who died of coronavirus disease during April-November, 2020. It is determined that the share of males was 62.20%, and females - 37.80%; the average age of the deceased persons was 64.40 ± 13.79 years. The largest number of lethal cases (57.32%) falls on the age category of 60-79 years, and the smallest (6.71%) - on the age category of 20-39 years. It is important that men predominate in all age groups. The most common direct causes of death were: respiratory failure - 78.05%, multiorgan failure - 17.07%. At the same time, respiratory insufficiency was dominant in all age categories, while the share of multiorgan failure was the largest in the group of persons aged 20-39 years. As a result of the analysis of thromboembolic complications found in 10.37% of cases, there were 3.05% of cases of acute coronary syndrome and acute cerebrovascular disorder, 1.83% of cases - acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, 1.22% of cases - acute thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels, and 0.61% - disseminated intravascular coagulation of blood and acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Morphological examination of the lung tissue of the deceased persons revealed signs of diffuse alveolar damage involving the microcirculatory bed vessels in the pathological process. According to the results of bacteriological examination of the lungs there were revealed some signs of bacterial infection in 51.83% of cases, and signs of fungal infection - in 15.85% of cases. The most common (23.78%) was the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most common comorbidities were: coronary heart disease - 62.20%, hypertension - 29.27%, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - 11.59%, obesity - 10.37%, anemia - 6.71% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2.44%. In 10.98% of cases diabetes was the main underlying disease. The data obtained may indicate an adverse effect of these diseases on the course of coronavirus disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities of calcium homeostasis, the activity of energy synthesis enzymes and structural organization of the dental system in rats under conditions of insulin resistance were analyzed. It was found that impaired glucose tolerance is manifested by a decreased mineralizing ability of hard tissues of alveolar processes and teeth, accompanied by a decrease in calcium content in erythrocyte mass and alveolar processes and an increase in acid phosphatase activity in blood serum. In rats with insulin resistance a decrease in the activity of lactate- and succinate dehydrogenase was detected. Degenerative changes were observed in the bone thickness of the dental area of insulin resistant rats, which were accompanied by the development of hypercellularity of the osteogenic layer of periosteum. Reactive changes in the tooth pulp were manifested by a decrease in the area of its loose connective tissue. Hyperplastic changes with the formation of unexpressed acanthotic bands developed in the oral mucosa of experimental animals, the thickness of the basal and granular layers increased against the background of a decrease in the prickle layer of epitheliocytes. In experimental group we observed a decrease in the nuclear cytoplasmic index and an increase in keratin formation in the epithelium. A narrowing of the lumen of capillaries and arterioles of the dental area, hyperplasia of endothelial cells and an increased accumulation of glycoproteins, especially in small arteries, were also detected in experimental group. Thus, altered carbohydrate metabolism leads to the metabolic changes of teeth supporting apparatus and oral mucosa, aggravating the course of insulin resistance with the development of dental system pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]