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Objective Postoperative rehabilitation protocols, such as immobilization and non-weight-bearing periods during the acute phase after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery vary depending on the surgeon or the institution and lack clear standardization. Weight bearing (WB) after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is critical. This study compares the results of WB immediately after surgery and partial WB with a brace after ACLR. Materials & Methods In this randomized clinical trial, the block random sampling method was used to select 84 patients who were divided into two groups. Group 1 was allowed to have full WB after surgery and Group 2 was asked to use braces after surgery, and they were divided into partial WB for one month and then full WB. Meanwhile, demographic information was recorded. The Lachman test, anterior knee pain, and kneeling pain before and one month after the surgery were also recorded. Knee function was evaluated using the international knee documentation committee, knee injury and osteoarthritis out-come score, and Lysholm scales before surgery and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 20, and the Fisher exact test, the chi-square test, the Friedman test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Most of the patients were men under 30 years of age. There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic information of the patients in the two groups. Kneeling pain, anterior knee pain, and the Lachman test did not differ between the two groups one month after the surgery. There was no difference between the two groups in the scores using the international knee documentation committee, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score, and Lysholm score in the 6-month follow-up. All the examined indicators in each group improved over time. Conclusion WB immediately after surgery compared to partial WB at 1, 3, and 6 months after ACLR do not differ; therefore, patients can bear full weight if they tolerate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audiovisual translation has received considerable attention from translation scholars in recent years. However, subtitling and specifically nonprofessional subtitling, due to the dominance of dubbing in Iranian national and state media, has received less attention in Iranian academia. This study examines the attitudes of non-professional subtitlers towards ethical principles in subtitling English language films into Persian. The statistical population included all non-professional subtitlers active on the Internet, among whom 15 individuals were selected through purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted as the main research tool, and its items were onlinebased and available to the interviewees by email or in person. Findings showed that the ethical principles were limited to faithfulness to the original audiovisual translation (AVT) material and avoiding any manipulation, resulting in the transfer of many Western cultural and linguistic taboos in subtitling. Moreover, novice translators placed more emphasis on complete faithfulness to the original text regardless of any cultural and linguistic filters. جكيده يؤوليرش حاضر به بررسى نكرش مترجمان غيرحرفه'ى به اصول اخئاقى در ترجمة زيرنويس فيلمهاى اذكليىزبان به فارسى مىيردازد. جامعة آمارى شامل تمام مترجمان غيرحرفهاى زيرنويس فعال در فضاى مجازى بود كه از ميان آنها نمونة تحقيق با استغاده از روش ذموذهكيرى ليردفمند انتخاب شدند. از مصاحبة ذيمهساختاريافته بهءذوان ابزار اصلى تحقرق استغاده لثد. به زعم بسيارى از مصاحبهشوذدكان، اصول اخداقى منحصر به وفادارى به متن اصلى و اجتناب از هركونه دا.تكا رى متن در فرايند ترجمه صرف نظر از مسائل فرهنكى جامعة مقصد و مخاطب آن ات. اين امر انتقال بسيارى از تابوذاى فرهنكى و زبانى غربى در ق.البترجمة زيرنويس را در يى دافته است. هرجند در اين ارتباط اجماع نظر كلى ببن مصاحبهشوذدكان وجود ندارد و به نظر مىر.د مترجمان تازهكار در مقايسه با مترجمان باتجربه تأكيد ببئترى بر وفادارى كامل به متن اصلى فارغ از هر نوع فبلتر فرهنكى و زيانى د ارند. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Rehabilitation is the property of Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The prevention of thumb joints flexion help cure de Quervain tenosynovitis. The thumb, therefore, is being immobilized in the abduction position by splinting. Thumb abduction can be away from the palm (palmar abduction) or from the fingers (radial abduction), which are done in two different planes. To the authors' knowledge, the literature has not specified which kind of thumb abduction has better treatment outcomes and functions. This study aimed to compare the immediate efficacy of palmar abduction and radial abduction splinting on the severity of pain, handgrip, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function in people with de Quervain tenosynovitis. Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteer patients (24 females) with de Quervain tenosynovitis referred to clinical centers were selected via convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to three study groups (without the splint, palmar abduction splint, and radial abduction splint). The splints' height was two-thirds of the elbow. The splints were designed to immobilize the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb but allow the interphalangeal joint to move. One splint immobilizes the thumb in palmar abduction, while another immobilizes the thumb in radial abduction. The outcomes were studied and measured immediately after the intervention and in a single session. The intended outcomes included pain severity, handgrip strength, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function measured with a visual analog scale, hand dynamometers, and the Jebsen-Taylor test, respectively. The repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 16. Results All participants completed all study assessments. The results showed a significant reduction of pain, handgrip strength, lateral and palmar pinch, and hand function after using a thumb splint compared to without the splint condition (P<0.05). The pain severity in gripping objects was lower after using a palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint. Also, the strength reduction in taking objects by gripping, lateral pinch, and palmar was lower after using the palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint (P<0.05). Still, both splints were not significantly different in slowing the hand function in the Jebsen-Taylor test (P>0.05). Conclusion The positioning of the thumb in palmar abduction with splinting could be more effective for pain reduction and manipulation of objects with the hand and fingers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, along with other factors of production, energy has played a decisive role in the economic growth of countries. But high levels of energy intensity have negative effects on the environment. Therefore, attention to energy efficiency and optimization discussion shows its importance. The aim of this study is investigate the efficiency and optimization of energy consumption of dryland wheat in Khoy under uncertainty. The data used in this study was collected through a face toface questionnaire method with 192 dry land wheat farmer in year 2019. The results showed that the total input energy is 20137.06 MJ h-1, the highest amount is related to the diesel-fuel (58.12%), seeds (15.40%) and machinery (14.15%), respectively. The total energy output was 47966.42 MJ h-1 and energy efficiency indicators for the constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale model are 5.6 and 2.5, respectively. By applying these parameters, the total optimum energy for the models presented were calculated 8565.3 and 18726.47 MJ h-1, respectively. It means that we can reduced 53.7% and 7% energy consumption in the production of this product. In the region under study, wheat production is mainly related to non-renewable resources (83%), which it is a serious risk to human health and environmental pollution. For example, at a level of conservatism of 7 (Γ = 7) in the CRS model, 57.3% of total energy consumption and 64.8% of fuel consumption can be reduced, which indicates the inefficiency of farmers. Therefore, the use of mechanized equipment to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the applying of labor for threshing is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Retirement is one of the life crises which can cause psychological and social problems in people and cause incompatibility and symptoms called Retirement Syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the psychosocial self-care training program on retirement syndrome in educators as a program to improve and expose retirees to retirement. Methods & Materials In this study, a two-group quasi-experimental method was performed on 64 education retirees in 1398 in Gonabad. After reviewing the entry and exit criteria of the research units (individuals were randomly assigned), they were assigned to two experimental and control groups. Psychosocial self-care training sessions were held once a week for 6 hours for one hour (for) the intervention group. The participants completed the retirement syndrome questionnaire at the beginning and end of these sessions. After data collection, the analysis was performed using SPSS software v. 20. The significance level was considered at P<0.05. Results This study considered 4 main categories regarding retirement syndrome. These categories include Feelings of confusion and conflict, Feelings of new effort and orientation, Feelings of old age and emptiness, and feelings of helplessness and failure. Also, based on the independent t-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the retirement syndrome scores of the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05); however, the average score of retirement syndrome in the two groups after the intervention and the difference in the average score of retirement syndrome of the two groups before and after the intervention had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). This means that the training program improved the intervention group's retirement syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion The results of the current study showed that holding face-to-face meetings and conducting psychosocial self-care training on retirement syndrome in retired educators positively reduced the symptoms of retirement syndrome. By teaching self-care and learning self-care strategies in old age, we can prepare retirees to cope with or reduce the symptoms of retirement syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of resilience in the association between perceived stress and the burden of care among elderly caregivers at nursing homes in Tehran in 2016. Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional, correlational study, the data were collected from 142 caregivers engaged in nursing homes in Tehran, of which 50 were men and 92 were women, through the census sampling method. Research tools included the questionnaire of perceived stress-14 (PSS-14), Cohen et al., (1983), Zarit et al. (1986) Burden of care questionnaire, and connor and davidson resilience questionnaire (2003). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software v. 20. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results The results showed that the average perceived stress score (35.11) was higher than the average (28). The burden of care was significantly positively associated with perceived stress (r>0 or P=0.001), and there was a negative and significant relationship between resilience and responsibility of care (β=0.110). Also, the interaction effect of perceived stress and resilience on the burden of care was negative and significant, and resilience moderated the relationship between perceived stress and care burden (P<0.001). Conclusion According to a positive relationship between perceived stress and burden of care among elderly caregivers and the moderating effect of resilience on this relationship, governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the elderly field and health policymakers should bring in the concept of resilience in their executive actions, policies, and protocols and improve it through proper training interventions. Further research is needed to study other internal and external moderating factors to improve the service quality and address the psychological, social, and physical complications of elderly caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Comparative Literature is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Department of Persian Language & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)