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The experiment were carried out in an intensive apple orchard in Sliven region with coordinates 42o40′N and 26o18′E and 259 m above sea level. The apple orchard is on an area of 3.2 ha with three varieties Florina, Pinova and William`s Pride on M26 rootstock at spacing of 3.50 x 1.25 m or 2285 trees per hectare. The trees were trained according to the Free-growing spindle system. The entire orchard is covered with a black anti hail net with a mesh size of 7x4 mm. The object of the study were the Pinova and Florina varieties. Depending on the phenology stages of the apple varieties, fertilization was carried out with the bio fertilizers – Keratin (horn grit), produced in Germany and Lumbreco, obtained from red Californian worms (Lumbricus rubella) in Bulgaria. The dose for the first fertilizer is 25 kg/ha, and for the second - one liter of liquid fertilizer dissolved in 150 liters of water. Fertilization with these two bio fertilizers were carried out twice in phenology stages 53 and 74 according to BBCH. The obtained results showed that Lombreco fertilizer is suitable for fertilization due to its high content of nitrogen and other macro and microelements. Dry bio fertilizer Keratin slowly releases its nitrogen content into the soil, unlike commercial produced nitrogen fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the application of soil biofertilizers on the content of sugar, macro, microelements and heavy metals in the fruits of the apple cv. Idared and Red Chief was analysed. In both cultivars, lower values of soluble solids content (SSC), total sugars (TS), inverted sugars (IS), sucrose and higher titratable acidity (TA) were measured, as well as increased absorption of Ca, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Mn. In cv. Idared, in addition to the mentioned elements, the absorption of K and Fe was increased, and the influence of biofertilizers contributed to the reduction of the absorption of Pb, Ni, Cr. The higher Ca content in the treatments enabled a more favorable K/Ca ratio, which contributes to a longer storage of fruits. Biofertilizers with specific consortia of bacteria influenced the utilization of high microbial biodiversity and had a stimulating effect on the uptake of nutrients from the soil and the optimization of their content in apple fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to be studied the opportunities and outlooks about the development of biological production in Bulgaria, as the impact of biological products for fertilization on watermelon growth and productivity is studied. The watermelons are grown in the conditions of a biological and conventional system of agriculture. During the period 2019-2020 are carried out field experiments in carbonate black earth soil, in the experimental field of Plant Production department at Technical university – Varna. The effect by two systems of fertilization has been studied: biological system – Efisoil Renovation, Efisoil Superbia, Microquel MIX and conventional system – YaraMila Complex, on the vegetative manifestations, the agricultural and seed productivity of watermelons, Bozhura variety, as per the scheme of growing 200/80 cm. The tested schemes of formulations conventional and organic fertilizers influence positively on the vegetative development of the watermelons. The highest number, weight of fruit and yield of watermelons is registered with the conventional fertilization compared with the growing as per the biological method. The yield with the conventional system is higher at comparison of both fertilization systems. The bio products have a proven positive effect on the rind thickness and the seed productivity, important indicators, which define the quality. It is determined that Bozhura variety is appropriate about biological production as per technology for medium early production of watermelons. The obtained results of the comparative experiment on the impact of biofertilizers and the schemes of growing on the growing and productive manifestations are grounds for development of scientifically justified recommendations for fertilization with watermelon production in the conditions of conventional and biological production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic production is a response to the ever-increasing interest of consumers in the health effects of using plant foods. The aim of the study was to evaluate the productivity of five pepper genotypes in the conditions of four organic production systems: natural soil fertility without plant protection; natural soil fertility with biopesticides applying; fertilization with Lumbrical without plant protection and system with usage of bioproducts for fertilization and plant protection. They were compared to the control (conventional) method of cultivation. Two varieties and one breeding line from Kapia varietal type and one variety and one breeding line – intended for grinding were tested. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv. As a result of the study, line 1238/09 was identified, which had good productive potential as the smallest decrease in total yield (11.07%) compared to the control variant was found in the conditions of the system without fertilization, but with plant protection with biopesticides (S4). The lowest values in all four organic systems were reported in breeding line P1059/10 as the decrease in the different systems varies from 43.16% to 63.07% compared to the control which shows its lower adaptability to conditions of organic production. The system without fertilization and without applying of phytopesticides (S2) has been determined. as the most unsuitable for four of the five tested genotypes, while variant S5, with bio product fertilisation and phytopesticide treatment, was identified as most suitable for Kurtovska kapia 1 and line P1059/10, and variant S4, without fertilization, but with application of biopesticides, for breeding line 1238/09 and variety IZK Kalin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was developed considering the peak of pig production in Cuba and the importance of food production for human and animal consumption. It also answers to the need of fuel saving and of obtaining that production with minimum expenses from raw materials of national origin. This work is presented in three parts. Firstly, the technologies and methods used in Germany for biogas production are described. There, great-format plants are used which are adequate to generate heat, electricity and an organic fertilizer. Secondly, the particularities of these biogas plants are approached. And finally, their possible use in Cuba is analyzed. As a result, the study shows the state of the art in the use of biogas facilities of great-format to international and national scale, which is used to obtain heat, electricity and bio-fertilizers, minimizing the aspects of environmental contamination, in correspondence with UN Agenda 2030 of Sustainable Development, also adopted in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was carried out during the period 2018-2020 in an experimental orchard of the Institute of Agriculture-Kyustendil with plum (Prunus domestica L) cv. Stanley. The plantation was established in 2013. The planting distances were 5x5 m. The following foliar bio-fertilizers treatments were investigated: V1 - non-fertilized – (control), V2 – Ecofol program (Amino Expert® Balans, Helasol (B), GO! BIO Total, GO! BIO (K) and GO! BIO (Ca)), V3 – Humustim. Foliar treatments with Ecofol program and Humustim increased the total yield and productivity coefficients (kg/cm² и kg/m³) significantly at P<0.05 during in year with normal crop load of plum cv. Stanley. The application of the products of Ecofol increased the average fruit weight by 9.39%, and Humustim by 8.12%, but the differences were insignificant. The fruits treated with Ecofol program had a lower content of dry matter and sugars than the control by 2.2% and 8.33% respectively and the acids were not affected. The application of Humustim increased the dry matter content, sugars and acids by 3.85%, by 2.08% and by 3.33% respectively compared to the standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out with the objective of determining the properties of the effluents of the oxidation lagoon of "Carlos Baliño" and "Melanio Hernández" sugar mills as organic fertilizer; as well as the possibility of their decontamination. The effluents were taken at the central region of Cuba (Santo Domingo, Villa Clara and Tuinicú, Sancti Spíritus). The decontamination effect of a slow filter of sand was proven in cascades before different dilutions in distilled water of the samples of the valued treatment T1 (10%), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), T5 and T6 (not diluted). Physical-chemical and microbiologic characteristics of effluents were determined, before and after their passing through slow filters of sand; later on, their effect like organic bio fertilizer was valued. Corn (Zea mays) was taken as indicator cultivation whose morphological and physiological parameters were valued. Physical-chemical properties of the soil samples were also valued. The analysis of the effluents like bio-fertilizers showed that none of the valued treatments exceeded the control TO (93,33%) in the germination percent variable (mean value). Treatment T2 (86,66%) presented the best behavior compared to the control TO, while in treatments T3 (60%) and T6 (40%), a fall of this variable was presented. In the case of treatment T6, the abrupt fall of this variable, could be related to the aggressiveness of the non-dilute effluents of the sugar mill "Melanio Hernández" oxidation lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diazotrophic bacteria can stimulate the growth of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop by hormone synthesis, with N fixation and the production of siderophores, or other processes. The predominant diazotrophic bacteria in agroecosystems may be potential biofertilizers. The aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the population of rhizospheric diatrophic bacteria in samples of rhizospheric soil (RS) and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in root (R) and foliar material (FM) samples, with phenotypical and molecular tests. The study was exploratory and with random sampling, with 18 RS, roots (R) and FM samples of tomato plantations in six farms. The differences in the most probable number (MPN) of diazotrophic bacteria were not significant between the FM and R sampling sites. The mean of the Mfb displayed highly significant differences in Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. between the RS, R and FM samples, with a higher and lower MPN in RS and FM. This relates with the phenotypical and biochemical characterization of RS, in which 14 isolations were identified as Azotobacter sp., and seven as Azospirillum sp. The genera Burkholderia and Gluconacetobacter showed no significant differences in the number of isolations between RS and R samples, but they did with FM, with the lower cell population. The differences between the farms were not significant in the soil parameters, related to the dissimilarity of the MPN. Molecular characterization helped identify A. chroococcum, A. nigricans, A. vinelandii, A. brasilense, B. glumae and G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in samples of RS; B. glumae, G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in samples of R and G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in FM samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the contribution of biofertilization to the reduction of nitrogen fertilization in Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulato II with the use of rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus irregulare. A total of three doses of nitrogen (0, 70 and 100 kg ha-1) were evaluated, alone and combined with the application of both biofertilizers, in a random block design, with factorial arrangement and four replications. For biofertilization, inocula containing A. brasilense with a concentration of 109 CFU mL-1, and R. irregulare, with a concentration of 30 spores g-1 were used. Both were applied by the seeds coating method at the time of sowing. In the case of A. brasilense, a second application was made, at a rate of 20 L ha-1 after the first cut. The grass significantly responded (P <0.01) to nitrogen fertilization. The highest yields (14.5 t ha-1), concentrations of nitrogen in biomass (16.1 g kg-1) and organic matter digestibility (64.7 %), as well as the lowest content of neutral detergent fiber (68.1 %) were obtained with the dose of 100 kg N ha-1. With the biofertilization, without the application of nitrogen, these indicators reached similar values to those registered with the addition of 100 kg N ha-1. The effect of biofertilizers was maintained for a year. It is concluded that biofertilization with A. brasilense and R. irregulare constitutes an effective alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer in B. hybrid cv. Mulato II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, reducing of chemical pesticides in amount against plant pests and finding alternative ways have gained high topicality. In this respect, in order to increase plant viability, it's of great importance to provide biological fertilizers for the purpose of plant growth and development. We can use either leaf or root nutrition of plants. Obviously, foliar feeding is more economical and has a positive effects accordingly. Thus, the experiment was done on seedy fruit (peaches and plums) to show foliar feeding results when nourished with bio fertilizers - geohumats and organics. Geohumats is bio-organic fertilizer with microelements. Its use accelerates protein metabolism, which is accompanied by enhanced plant growth and increased susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Organics is an ecologically clean bio-fertilizer certified by EU countries. It contains self-propagating fungi that is useful for plants, nitrogen and phosphorus fixative, M group type bacteria dissolved in an aqueous solution enriched with humus and microorganisms. Hence, organics creates a food area-substrate for further active growth of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the potentialities of Bacillus spp. isolates from the bioproduct IHPLUS®, as plant growth promoters and with industrial purposes. Materials and Methods: For the inoculation, 10 mL of the product were inoculated in nutrient broth medium. Afterwards, through thermal shock at 80 ºC during 12 minutes, the vegetative forms were eliminated. Seriated dilutions were carried out, and then planting was performed in nutrient agar medium. The isolates were purified and it was verified that they corresponded to Gram-positive, endospore-producer, bacillary forms. The production of indoleacetic acid and the capacity of the isolates to solubilize tricalcium phosphate were evaluated. The chitinolytic and/or 1,3-β- glucanolytic, lipidic, proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic and mannanolytic activity of such isolates. Results: Four Bacillus spp isolates were obtained. Isolates IH7 and IH5 showed biostimulator and biofertilizer properties, by producing indoleacetic acid (23,55 μg mL-1) and solubilizing tricalcium phosphate, respectively. Isolate IH7 showed potentialities as antagonist agent of phytopathogens, because it produced hydrogen cyanide. The production of 1,3-β-glucanase and/or chitinase (95,55%) and proteases (43,98%) was shown. IH5 showed amylolytic and mannanolytic activity; while IH7 produced amylases and cellulases. Conclusions: The biochemical activities shown by the obtained isolates prove the importance of the bioproduct IHPLUS ® as a source for obtaining Bacillus spp. strains, with applications in different agricultural and industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fertilization is one of the determining factors for good development of rice cultivation. Chemical synthesis fertilizers cause environmental impacts on agro ecosystems. Slow release technology seeks to increase the efficiency of applied nitrogen, lengthening its action over time and avoiding losses such as leaching and volatilization. This research was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different biomineral fertilizers on rice cultivation under irrigated conditions, in Montería - Córdoba. A randomized complete block design (DBCA) was used, with 6 treatments (5 Permaxion fertilizers and the commercial control) and 4 repetitions in 36 m² plots. The variable levels of Spad, yield components (number of tillers per m²; number of panicles per m²; fullness per panicle; vane; weight of 1000 grains; yield; harvest index, and milling quality) were measured. analyzed with the Infostat Version 2019p program. Significant statistical differences were recorded in the levels of Spad, yield, pile index (%) and broken grain (%). The Permaxion 31-8-8 and Permaxion veranero treatments recorded the best. levels of Spad. Permaxión 31-8-8 achieved the best yield with 6426 Kg/ha, while the control presented 5228 kg/ha. The best pile index and % of broken grains were recorded by the Permaxion 31-8-8 fertilizer. with 54 and 25.3% respectively. Permaxion fertilizers supply nutrients to the rice plant in a controlled manner, achieving balance, expression of maximum genetic potential and sustainability of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacteria extracts are vital to agriculture because they enrich the soil with vital minerals and support the natural generation of plant hormones. These extracts have proven to be advantageous by greatly increasing crop production and growth. This research evaluated an extract of Arthrospira maxima on the early growth stage of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under semi-controlled conditions. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 4 treatments: 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 [mg mL-1] of Arthrospira maxima and 4 replicates; gas exchange variables, growth rates, and biomass production were measured. The results revealed that, compared to the control plants, the application of the extract increased the net photosynthesis rates (AN), by 125.46% (10.89 ± 0.47 CO2 m-2 s-1); stomatal conductance (gs) by 189. 89% (273.60 ± 20.70 mmol H2O m-2 s-1); root dry weight (RWW) by 275% (3.30 ± 0.006 g); leaf dry weight (LW) by 332.02% (5.91 ± 0.09 g) and leaf area (LA), by 228.61% (1459.69 ± 12.46 cm²). The biomass distribution was mainly directed to the leaves as the extract concentration increased. In conclusion, the application of Arthrospira maxima extract increased most of the variables evaluated, so it can be suggested that the use of this type of organic fertilizers, based on A. maxima extracts, could be used as a biotechnological strategy that would allow the promotion of sustainable agriculture based on organic fertilization in S. melongena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the biofertilizer EcoMic®, the bioactive product Pectimorf® and their combination, on some morphobotanical variables during the establishment of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) cv. Cunningham. For such purpose a randomized block design was used with three replicas, and the following treatments: T1: thermal scarification (control), T2: inoculation with EcoMic®, T3: imbibition in Pectimorf®, T4: imbibition in Pectimorf® + inoculation with EcoMic®. The variables height, number of branches and stem diameter were measured until the plants were 12 months old. The best values of each variable were obtained when, after thermal scarification (T1), the seeds were inoculated with EcoMic® (T2) or imbibed in Pectimorf® (T3), without significant differences between them; while the control showed the lowest values. The height increased in T2 and T3 by 12%, with regards to T1. It is concluded that the imbibition in Pectimorf® or the inoculation with EcoMic® of the seeds from L. leucocephala cv. Cunningham, after thermal scarification, improved the biological response of the plants during the establishment regarding their height, number of branches and stem diameter. Hence they can be used indistinctly, in order to reduce such period in the animal husbandry systems where it is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the production and nutrition of corn and millet, fertilized with porcine biofertilizer, two experiments were established (one for each species) in a random block design with four replications and six treatments. These consisted of five doses of porcine biofertilizers, to offer 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, and an additional treatment with complete formula 4-14-8, in which was offered 79.99 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In the total fresh matter yields influenced the biofertilizers doses. The highest values (55.81 and 41.34 t ha-1) were reached with mineral fertilization, and did not differ from those obtained with the dose of 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (55.05 and 38.71 t ha-1) for millet and maize, respectively. The foliar nutrient content of crops was higher and similar with mineral fertilization and the higher doses of biofertilizers. It is concluded that the porcine biofertilizer, in the dose of 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5, can substitute the application of mineral fertilization in both species, and also constitute a source of micronutrients and macronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the microorganisms there is a group that interacts directly with the roots called rhizospheric bacteria; these can act as important growth promoters for wild vegetation and for agricultural crops due to their potential use as biofertilizers. In the present project, two strains of bacteria isolated from Lotus corniculatus were selected, the morphological characterization and their identification were carried out from the analysis of the 16s gene, indicating that both strains are Brevibacillus choshinensis. In addition, the tolerance evaluation of the identified bacteria to commercial herbicides (Galant, and Flex) was carried out; used in legume crops through a micro assay using concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, the results indicated that bacteria are inhibited 99% with Galant in the three concentrations used and Flex presents an inhibition of 70% up to 90% concentration dependent. The foregoing sets a precedent for the effect of herbicides used daily on bacteria that in this case are considered for the development of a biofertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock systems are high emitters of CH4, recognized as a greenhouse gas, which comes from fermentation in the rumen, so the objective is to reduce it. An alternative is the increase of phenolic compounds in cattle feed to regulate the rumen microbiota. Five treatments were used: 1) mixture of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Azospirillum brasilense (BA), 2) Azospirillum brasillense (AZ), 3) mixture of Azospirillum brasilense, Glomus spp, Trichoderma spp, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas flourescens, Bacillus mucilaginosus (BH), 4) chemical fertilizer (FQ) and 5) control (T) without fertilization. Data were analyzed with ANOVA (p≤0.05) and Tukey mean comparison in RStudio®v4.0. Maximum height was recorded with AZ (13.2 cm). Flavonoid concentration was higher with AZ, BH and BA (0.187-0.222 µg/mL EC); while FQ showed the lowest concentration. For phenols, T showed the highest concentration (0.355 µg/mL EAG) and the lowest in AZ (0.172 µg/mL EAG) (p=2.2e-16). The results suggest that biofertilization is suitable for increasing the concentration of polyphenols and MVH height, so it could be considered a strategy to reduce ruminal methanogenesis without reducing production, besides being an environmentally friendly alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]