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Copyright of Sociology of Culture & Art is the property of University of Kurdistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fencing lunge is one of the most common and fundamental attacking moves in fencing. The aim of this study was to provide kinematical compare of upper extremity among elite female and male senior fencers when performing a lunge. Four female and four male members of Iran National Team were selected as research sample. The participants were filmed when performing a complete lunge with a camera of 300 Hz sampling rate to evaluate kinematical parameters. The student's -t test revealed that elite male fencers had significantly shorter reaction and movement time comparing with elite female fencers. No major differences in other kinematic parameters indicate that elite male and female fencers performed lunge in similar way. The final conclusion of this study is that the existing differences in time of lunge technique may suggest the need for alternative training strategies to prepare fencing athletes.The examination of the kinematic analysis of the upper body in male and female elite fencers demonstrated that the dissimilarity in the execution speed of the lunge technique between the two genders cannot be accounted for by kinematic changes in joint movements. The differences highlighted in this study can serve as a basis for formulating distinct training and coaching strategies, with the aim of better preparing athletes for decision making and quick movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic progressive neurological diseases. It is the non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in adults. This disease increases the patient's need for care due to the progressive course of disease that intensifies the symptoms over time. Family caregivers of these patients have different challenges and needs for caregiving. The present study aims to investigate the supportive needs of family caregivers of patients with MS in Iran. Materials & Methods This is a qualitative study conducted in MS Association of Isfahan, Iran in 2018-2019 for 8 months. Participants were selected by a purposive sampling method who included 8 patients, 13 family caregivers, and 4 treatment staff. Semi-structured interviews were used to survey the supportive needs of caregivers. Interviews took about 30-60 minutes. Sampling and data collection were saturated after 25 interviews. We used Guba and Lincoln's criteria (credibility, dependability, transferability, and conformability) to evaluate and validate the data. The contract content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. Results The results of analysis yielded 795 initial codes. After merging these codes based on common features, 562 codes were remained. The supportive needs of family caregivers of MS patients were presented in three main categories (creating interaction opportunities to reduce isolation, empathetic interaction with peers and treatment staff, and financial support) and nine sub-categories. Conclusion Most of the family caregivers of MS patients in Iran do not receive adequate social and systemic supports from health care providers and do not have access to support resources. Policymakers and health caregivers should provide the required supporting programs for these caregivers so that they can optimally play their role in caregiving MS patients, especially at home, while receiving appropriate social and systemic supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences is the property of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The prevention of thumb joints flexion help cure de Quervain tenosynovitis. The thumb, therefore, is being immobilized in the abduction position by splinting. Thumb abduction can be away from the palm (palmar abduction) or from the fingers (radial abduction), which are done in two different planes. To the authors' knowledge, the literature has not specified which kind of thumb abduction has better treatment outcomes and functions. This study aimed to compare the immediate efficacy of palmar abduction and radial abduction splinting on the severity of pain, handgrip, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function in people with de Quervain tenosynovitis. Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteer patients (24 females) with de Quervain tenosynovitis referred to clinical centers were selected via convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to three study groups (without the splint, palmar abduction splint, and radial abduction splint). The splints' height was two-thirds of the elbow. The splints were designed to immobilize the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb but allow the interphalangeal joint to move. One splint immobilizes the thumb in palmar abduction, while another immobilizes the thumb in radial abduction. The outcomes were studied and measured immediately after the intervention and in a single session. The intended outcomes included pain severity, handgrip strength, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function measured with a visual analog scale, hand dynamometers, and the Jebsen-Taylor test, respectively. The repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 16. Results All participants completed all study assessments. The results showed a significant reduction of pain, handgrip strength, lateral and palmar pinch, and hand function after using a thumb splint compared to without the splint condition (P<0.05). The pain severity in gripping objects was lower after using a palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint. Also, the strength reduction in taking objects by gripping, lateral pinch, and palmar was lower after using the palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint (P<0.05). Still, both splints were not significantly different in slowing the hand function in the Jebsen-Taylor test (P>0.05). Conclusion The positioning of the thumb in palmar abduction with splinting could be more effective for pain reduction and manipulation of objects with the hand and fingers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research has investigated the production of derivational affixes in the Surani Kurdish language, based on the corpus of “Kurdpress”. In morphology, the productivity of a suffix was expressed as the number of new words created by that suffix. In this way, the present research has investigated the frequency of the derivational affixes of the Kurdish language in the final position of the word, based on a corpus approach. In the first step of this research, a list of Kurdish suffixes was identified. Then, by using web crawling programming in Python language, the required data was prepared from the Kurdpress news network. The measuring criterion used for the productivity of each of these suffixes is based on the criterion of the p value. Finally, it was most the among were” چیی د ن، د ،ییند ی د ،یی ” words the that determined productive suffixes in the Kurdish language with a productivity rate of more than 50%. Among the other things discussed in this study is the difference between the concept of productivity and the importance that an affix assigns to itself. The importance of an affix is known in the number of words that are used in the vocabulary list of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic and regional conditions have provided a good environment for agricultural development, especially in the Caspian Sea provinces. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of climate variables on spatial analysis of grain yield and Grain cultivation capability in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Then, using important functions of spatial statistics including moron index and hot spots analysis of spatial patterns of rice, wheat and barley yields on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea during the statistical period of 2000-2016 were investigated. According to the results of Moran index analysis, it was determined that the yield of rice, wheat and barley were positive and close to one in the study period, indicating the clustering of the spatial distribution of the yield of the products under study. Also, based on the results of Local Indicators of Spatial Association and the analysis of hot spots, high value values or positive spatial correlation of rice yield were mainly found in Mazandaran province and high values or positive spatial correlation of wheat yield in southern parts of Golestan province and limited parts from Mazandaran Province. For yield of barley, the most areas with high positive spontaneous autocorrelation (hot spots) are mainly confined to Babolsar and Joybar cities of Mazandaran province at confidence level of 99%, Babol in 95% confidence level and Aliabad city Located in Golestan province at a confidence level of 90%. Low value of wheat and barley yields were found in the eastern and western parts of Gilan province at 99, 95 and 90 percent confidence levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. The night splints are used to prevent nocturnal contractures happening in the calf muscles and plantar fascia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of using a tension night splint for calf and plantar fascia on the range of motion of foot and ankle complex, pain severity, and quality of life. Materials & Methods 30 people (27 female) with plantar fasciitis volunteered in a parallel-group clinical study. Participants were allocated to three study groups: a tension calf splint, a tension plantar fascia splint, and a control group (heel pad). The study outcomes were the range of motion of foot and ankle complex, pain severity, and quality of life measured with a goniometer, visual analog scale, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, respectively. The post-session was four weeks after participants received their interventions. The analysis of covariance statistical test was used to analyze the within and between-group differences. Results The analysis of covariance test showed statistically significant differences for pain (F=9.35, P=0.001, η2=0.44) and extension of the first metatarsophalangeal (F=4.76, P=0.017, η2=0.27). There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of life and the ankle dorsiflexion range between groups (P>0.05). The Bonferroni post-hoc showed a significant reduction of the reported pain post-session in all study groups (P<0.05). The calf tension splint caused a greater extension of the first metatarsophalangeal post-session (P=0.02). Conclusion All three orthoses used in this study significantly reduced pain in people with plantar fasciitis. The results also suggest that a tension calf splint has greater effectiveness in improving pain severity and soft tissue flexibility than a tension fascia splint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prose Studies in Persian Literature is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Literature & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology is the property of Iranian Society of Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Malaria is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases worldwide. Transmission of the parasite from human to vector mosquitoes is carried out by the gametocyte of the Plasmodium parasite, while these cells are not involved in the symptoms of the disease. The control of the human to mosquito transmission stage of the parasite life cycle by antigametocyte drugs is currently under increasing scrutiny in an effort to eradicate the disease globally. In this study the gametocytocidal activity of eosin B on asexual blood stages and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum has been probed. Materials and Methods: The parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was first cultured and then gametocytogenesis was induced to obtain gametocyte cells. After microscopically studying the developmental stages of the parasite during the culture of the parasite, eosin B was tested on blood and sexual parasites and the viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay and the results were compared for the two groups. Results: Mature gametocytes were produced during 12 days. The blood parasites in culture were increased until day 4 and then gradually diminished. The results of lactate dehydrogenase assay showed a stronger effect of eosin B on gametocytes (IC50 = 23 nM) than asexual blood stages (IC50 = 133 nM). Conclusion: Due to the rarity of anti-gametocyte drugs and importance of these intervention on malaria elimination, eosin B appears to be a suitable candidate for combination therapy against Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liveliness and vitality have been considered one of the indicators of rural development since 2000 by international organizations, especially the United Nations, to determine the level of rural development and the development of countries. Most development-related organizations have referred to vitality as one of the important indicators of rural development. However, one of the most important issues in studying vitality in rural areas is identifying the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the liveliness of rural households. The present study employs a descriptiveanalytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. The data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews with a sample selected from 170 households in Fuman County (N = 18675). Descriptive statistics, unlimited heuristic coefficient rank test, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of measuring rural households’ liveliness using the Fordyce Emotions Questionnaire showed that households' liveliness was at a desirable level. The results of the indices affecting vitality showed that out of 30 indices, 18 indices had the most effect on households’ happiness. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling suggested that the second-order standard model of households' liveliness and path coefficients are influenced by institutional-managerial, physical, economic, personalpsychological, social, environmental, geographical, and occupational factors, respectively. The p-values of all of the lambda parameters in the above model indicate that all relationships are confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Rehabilitation is the property of Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)