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Objectives: the present study aimed to evaluate the association between the rs1799998 polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene and the susceptibility to preeclampsia (PE) in a Brazilian population. Methods: the study group comprised 61 women who were diagnosed with PE. The control group included 116 women who did not show changes in their blood pressure levels during their pregnancies. The rs1799998 polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene was amplified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the SNPStat program to evaluate the risk of the CYP11B2 gene rs1799998 polymorphism contributing to PE. Results: the PE group had the following genotypes: 1.64% CC, 91.80% CT, and 6.56% TT. In the control group, the observed genotypic frequencies were: 11% CC, 73% CT, and 16% TT. The genotypic frequency distribution did not fit the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in either study group. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant difference for the rs1799998 polymorphism in the recessive model. Conclusion: the results suggest an association between the recessive model of C/C genotype of the rs1799998 polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene and susceptibility to PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a multinational survey of intensive care unit professionals to determine the practices on delirium assessment and management, in addition to their perceptions and attitudes toward the evaluation and impact of delirium in patients requiring noninvasive ventilation. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was created to evaluate the profiles of the respondents and their related intensive care units, the systematic delirium assessment and management and the respondents' perceptions and attitudes regarding delirium in patients requiring noninvasive ventilation. The questionnaire was distributed to the cooperative network for research of the Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB-Net) mailing list and to researchers in different centers in Latin America and Europe. Results: Four hundred thirty-six questionnaires were available for analysis; the majority of the questionnaires were from Brazil (61.9%), followed by Turkey (8.7%) and Italy (4.8%). Approximately 61% of the respondents reported no delirium assessment in the intensive care unit, and 31% evaluated delirium in patients under noninvasive ventilation. The Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit was the most reported validated diagnostic tool (66.9%). Concerning the indication of noninvasive ventilation in patients already presenting with delirium, 16.3% of respondents never allow the use of noninvasive ventilation in this clinical context. Conclusion: This survey provides data that strongly reemphasizes poor efforts toward delirium assessment and management in the intensive care unit setting, especially regarding patients requiring noninvasive ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health refers to the use of novel information communication technologies in healthcare. The use of these technologies could positively impact public health and health outcomes of populations by generating timely data, and facilitating the process of data collection, analysis, and knowledge translation. Using selected case studies, we aim to describe the opportunities and barriers in the use of technology applied to health-related research. We focus on three areas: strategies to generate new data using novel data collection methods, strategies to use and analyze existing data, and using digital health for health-related interventions. Exemplars from seven countries are provided to illustrate activity across these areas. Although the use of health-related technologies is increasing, challenges remain to support their adoption and scale-up -especially for under-served populations. Research using digital health approaches should take a user-centered design, actively working with the population of interest to maximize their uptake and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy and lactation constitute states of intense hormonal variation with secretory and structural changes in the breast parenchyma. These changes translate into important features on breast imaging, as well as the emergence of specific benign and malignant lesions. This literature review aims to discuss the safety of the use of breast imaging methods (mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging) during the pregnancy-lactation cycle, and to present the expected physiological changes and imaging appearance of the main breast diseases that may occur in this period, such as galactocele, lactating adenoma, fibroadenoma, puerperal mastitis, and pregnancy-associated breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to analyze the access to cervical cancer preventive examination in Pernambuco between 2002 and 2015 by cytopathological exam coverage. Methods: public data from SUS Computer Department were used, then processed by Tabnet and Excel and calculated the slope of the over time coefficient trend by simple regression techniques. Afterwards, they were plotted in thematic maps covering cytopathological exams on Terraview app 4.2.2. Results: Pernambuco State presented an increase of exam coverage trend in all the health regions until 2010. Since that year it started to have stabilization and decreased the tendency. Comparing the coverage of the two first years, in 2002, 42.7% of the cities coverage was below 0.2 and in 2015 the scenario changed, 41.1% of the cities coverage was above 0.6. We emphasize that even in that same year 13.5% of the cities still had a low or too low coverage (less than 0.4). The over time trends in increase and decline were strongly meaningful. Conclusions: this study revealed that all health regions presented a coverage lower than recommended, in some period or in all of them, even with the State growth tendency it demonstrated an unequal and heterogeneous characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]