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Paper works are more attacked by biological agents such as fungi, bacteria and insects due to its organic nature. In ‎archives, most of the biological destruction of paper is related to fungi. The importance of paper works ‎conservation has led to applying different methods to fungus removal. The chemical disinfection is of of the most ‎common disinfection methods. In this research, the application of Thiophanate methyl in paper destructive fungi ‎has been studied. Laboratory studies to evaluate the effects of Thiophanate methyl on paper and fungus include ‎accelerated ageing, the evaluation of effectiveness of antifungal Thiophanate methyl on fungi such as ‎Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus and Penicilliurnsp and determination of antifungal stability after accelerated ‎ageing. Examination shows that Thiophanate methyl has successfully prevented spread of fungus in all density of ‎‏10‏‎, ‎‏50‏‎, ‎‏100,200‏‎ and ‎‏500‏‎ ppm. Aspergillus flavus fungus had a slight growth at ‎‏10‏‎ ppm, but no growth were ‎observed in other density. Aspergillusniger fungus had no growth capacity in density more than ‎‏100‏‎ ppm. ‎According to the results, treated papers are still able to control fungus growth after being in accelerated ageing ‎condition. In general, the results obtained by fungus growth halo and non-growth halo indicate that all fungi are ‎controllable in density of ‎‏200‏‎ ppm.‎

‎ The most of the fungicide‏ ‏that are used to prevent or stop the biological destruction of the historical papers have been used ‎at the first time in domains of science and industrial So thiophanate methyl which is most useful in agriculture, have been ‎tested in repairing and protection of papers and it’s one of the most useful materials in agriculture antifungals.The main ‎aim of this research was assessment of aesthetic and structural effects on paper after treatment by Thiophanate-methyl ‎compound. Experimental method (laboratory experience) and library study wre applied in this research. ATR-FTIR spectra ‎showed that spray of Thiophanate-methyl on paper did not produce any degradation effect. The compound had not ‎changed aesthetical properties and pH values. Tensile strength of paper did not reduce due to the treatment. This indicates ‎nondestructive effects of Thiophanate-methyl on paper which signifies its great capability for application in conservation ‎and restoration of paper.‎

Background and Aims: According to the research background and need to print CBCT images in case of emergency, this study has been done to compare the quality and accuracy of the two methods of film and paper printing for CBCT images. Materials and Methods: The study of CBCT images taken from 5 patients was done and the cross-sectional slices on Fotolusio DNP papers and film AGFA were printed. Afterward, the images was exmined by a maxillofacial radiologist. The images’ quality were identified and recorded with anatomical, from 1 to 4 on forms. The accuracy was determined by the diagnosis of alveolar canal area and the comparison with the gold standard. Data were analyzed using independent chi-square and Fisher exact tests’. Results: The images quality in anatomical landmarks consisting PDL (P=0.02), lamina dura (P=0.006), the inferior alveolar canal (P=0.01) and the filling (P=0.006) had a significant difference. There was no significant difference. For the lower border of the mandible landmark, there was no difference between the two methods of printing. In comparing the diagnostic accuracy between the two methods (P=1). Conclusion: The results showed that the diagnostic quality in film printing is better than paper printing and the diagnostic accuracy is the same in both methods.

Background and Aim: Scientific journals are the most major tools in disseminating research findings. With the increasing number and price of scientific journals, libraries need to select journals. Citation analysis is a practical method in identifying the best titles to be subscribed. This study was to identify core journals in the field of dentistry using citation analysis. Materials and Methods: Two hundered and seventy six documents including dentistry theses (241 titles) and faculty papers (35 titles) indexed in Science Citation Index (SCIE) were selected and their references were extracted and evaluated using citation analysis methods. The distribution frequency of journals confirmed the Bradford’s Law of Scattering representing core dentistry journals. Results: Eleven thousand twenty three references were totally extracted. Average reference per theses and papers was 39/25 and 44/74, respectively. English journals and books were the most frequent referred documents having 95% of total references approximately. The most updated references were in English dated during 2001-2005 and 2006-2010. Using the Bradford’s Law, five journals were introduced as core dentistry journals. Conclusion: Selecting and subscribing core journals leads into cost-effectiveness in libraries and plays an important role in meeting user’s needs. While having many challenges in accessing scientific resources, core journals selection and subscription is an intelligent action resulting in effective use of financial resources.

Background and Aims: According to the research background and need to print CBCT images in case of emergency, this study has been done to compare the quality and accuracy of the two methods of film and paper printing for CBCT images. Materials and Methods: The study of CBCT images taken from 5 patients was done and the cross-sectional slices on Fotolusio DNP papers and film AGFA were printed. Afterward, the images was exmined by a maxillofacial radiologist. The images' quality were identified and recorded with anatomical, from 1 to 4 on forms. The accuracy was determined by the diagnosis of alveolar canal area and the comparison with the gold standard. Data were analyzed using independent chi-square and Fisher exact tests'. Results: The images quality in anatomical landmarks consisting PDL (P=0.02), lamina dura (P=0.006), the inferior alveolar canal (P=0.01) and the filling (P=0.006) had a significant difference. There was no significant difference. For the lower border of the mandible landmark, there was no difference between the two methods of printing. In comparing the diagnostic accuracy between the two methods (P=1). Conclusion: The results showed that the diagnostic quality in film printing is better than paper printing and the diagnostic accuracy is the same in both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, pulping of rinds from sunflower seeds by soda process is studied. Fiber length was 0.89 millimeters and its chemical content, contained 40.5% Cellulose, 30.5% Lignin, 3.33% Ash and 1.93% Extractives. Conditions of Soda process were three different soda consummations of (Chemical charge) 14%, 16% and 18%. Liquor on rinds ratio, was equal to 6, and period of digestion was 30 minutes. Yield and Kappa number on the best choice of conditions of pulping (165 degree of centigrade temperature and 16% soda consumption) were measured respectively 55.7% and 74.96.Using PFImill, four kinds of pulps with four different free nesses were produced from the proper Pulp and were changed to hand sheets. Study on mechanical strength of hand sheets showed that beating has no effect on tear strength from 30 to 40 SR and it reduces this strength after more beating. Practically, no effect was observed on burst strength and breaking length during beating from 30SR to 60SR. This lignocellulose, agricultural residue is a cheap by-product in Sunflower-oil producer factories. Some of them is as a food for live-stocks and some is burned as a source of energy. Because of this, using rind from sunflower seeds in Paper and other cellulosic industries can be useful.

In this study, anatomical, physical, pulping and paper making properties of Eucalyptus microtheca grown in Farse province is investigated. Eight trees were sampled for this study. The average dry and critical specific gravity of 8 samples were measured at 0.85 and 0.88 for heartwood and 0.8 and 0.75 for sapwood respectively. Mean of fiber length, diameter and cell wall thickness were measured at 0.78 mm, 15.68 mm and 4.560 mm for heartwood respectively. The corresponding figures for sapwood are 0.84 mm, 15.72 mm and 4.88 mm.Pulps were produce by two processes, Kraft (as a chemical process) and NSSC (as a semi-chemical process). Pulp properties of these two processes were compared. Yield and Kappa number of Pulp depend on cooking condition are 36.42-53.25 percent and 21.68-87.68 for Kraft Pulps and 64.59-70.91 percent and 130-189 for NSSC pulp respectively. Physical properties of pulps consist of burst and tear Index and breaking length were measured at 3.90-4.84 kPa.m2/g and 8.34-11.01 mN.m2/g and 5.36-6.94 Km for Kraft Pulps respectively. These properties for NSSC Pulp are 1.72-2.89 kPam2/g, 7.46-8.26 mNm2/g and 4.11-5.14 Km.

In order to determine the concentration of the antibodies against the pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum, three hundred blood samples were taken from 9-12 month old cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in 4 farms in the north and west region of Fars Province, which had been exposed to this bacteria. An indirect ELISA was employed to examine the serum. Using soluble antigen (SA) indicated that 54% of the examined blood samples contained antibodies against Vibrio anguillarum, while by using whole cell antigen (WCB) only 53% of samples were found to be seriopositive. The highest seriopositivity rate (83%) was observed in farm #2, where clinical signs of vibriosis also occurred. This study revealed that Rainbow trouts fed on raw marine fish meal powder are more exposed to V. anguillarum. Vibriosis in cultured Rainbow trout in Iranian inland freshwater farms is also discussed in this paper......

Molecular genetic techniques were used to establish new characteristics in the animals and plants. Fishes are good animal protein resources and are suitable for genetic researches because of their short maturation time, high number of egg production in each spawning, and easy rearing. New characteristic can be establishes by it's related gene transfer. Transgenic researches in the fishes started about ten years ago. Different gene constructs were used in these researches. More than 60% of works were pure research to find the principal of gene transfers in the fishes. About 37.5% of research used growth hormone gene to improve fish growth; the rest of researches used anti-freeze protein gene. Adjustment of DNA forms, buffer contents transferring method for gene transfer are the main factors in the success of fish transgenic. There are different published researches to meet these problems in the last decade. In this paper these research is going to be reviewed and discussed......

Background and Aim: Scientific journals are the most major tools in disseminating research findings. With the increasing number and price of scientific journals, libraries need to select journals. Citation analysis is a practical method in identifying the best titles to be subscribed. This study was to identify core journals in the field of dentistry using citation analysis. Materials and Methods: Two hundered and seventy six documents including dentistry theses (241 titles) and faculty papers (35 titles) indexed in Science Citation Index (SCIE) were selected and their references were extracted and evaluated using citation analysis methods. The distribution frequency of journals confirmed the Bradford’s Law of Scattering representing core dentistry journals. Results: Eleven thousand twenty three references were totally extracted. Average reference per theses and papers was 39/25 and 44/74, respectively. English journals and books were the most frequent referred documents having 95% of total references approximately. The most updated references were in English dated during 2001-2005 and 2006-2010. Using the Bradford’s Law, five journals were introduced as core dentistry journals. Conclusion: Selecting and subscribing core journals leads into cost-effectiveness in libraries and plays an important role in meeting user’s needs. While having many challenges in accessing scientific resources, core journals selection and subscription is an intelligent action resulting in effective use of financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]