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Background & Aims: Education is the main factor of economic growth in a country, and the curriculum is the heart of any education system. As civilization makes the transition from the industrial era to one of sustainability, educational leaders around the globe ought to implement a learning system that prepares young people for life in a unified society. Every country that has experienced high growth for a long time makes great efforts to educate its nation and reinforce its human capital. In contrast, there is considerable evidence that many developing countries are not doing enough. Education has a legal claim on public funds for at least two obvious reasons. First, the social returns are likely to be greater than the private returns. Second, some families with low incomes and credit constraints may not be able to invest as much in education as they would like, even if a higher income is guaranteed for a diploma or university degree in the case of a successful job search. Therefore, public spending on education is established based on impartial opportunity and efficiency. This paper provides a starting point to explore what skills and concepts students should be studying to lead the future. The curriculum model provides an explicit outline of some of the competencies that will likely be required for whatever world scenario emerges. This study focuses on the key roles of education and its relation to economic development as well as the curriculum as a core part of the entire educational drive of nations. In particular, the aim of the present study was to study the goals and contents of the high school curriculum of Group 7 countries and Iran with a focus on the differences and similarities of cognitive and metacognitive skills, which were compared with Iran in order to reach an appropriate model. Methods: The method used in this study is qualitative, seeking to understand a research phenomenon in its usual environment that leads to a deep understanding of the studied phenomenon. In particular, this research is a documentary analytical research with a comparative approach. The statistical population of the research in the first study, which had a comparative approach, includes all documents, printed and electronic texts regarding the curriculum elements of the selected countries. It includes all articles, websites, studies, and research related to the research topic. In the Delphi method, the presence of experts and experts in the subject is emphasized. Statistical sample: In this research, in the first part, after searching the official portals of the countries and databases, all the documents that contain the content of the curriculum elements of these countries have been found. Data analysis in qualitative research is the process of classifying, describing, and combining data. In this section, after collecting the information and data, the contents were separated into 4 components: goal, content, method, and evaluation for each country. Then it was analyzed based on John Stuart Mill's agreement and difference model. The analysis in the quantitative part includes Kendall's coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis with the help of SPSS22 and Amos Graphics version 23 software. Meanwhile, Maxqda18 software was used in the qualitative part and model extraction. All documents were translated by translators from IACTI (Iranian Certified Translators and Interpreters). It must be acknowledged that the process of translating the documents was complicated and difficult due to the different languages and finding the appropriate equivalent in Persian. 212 participants, including secondary school teachers, university professors, and Ph.D. students in the fields of curriculum and education management helped to confirm and categorize the collected information. In the next step, the Delphi method was used to obtain the opinions of experts and reach a consensus about the studied components. With a 5-point Likert style scale 80% agreement was obtained, which was regarded as attaining a minimum acceptable interrater agreement. Results: This study was motivated by doubts that have been raised about the role of education and human capital in economic development. These doubts come from a variety of vantage points ranging from whether the research has correctly identified the impact of education to whether other institutional aspects of countries might be more important. They also encompass concerns about whether or not we really know how to change educational outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The eight studied countries were divided into two groups for comparison: (a) Group of Seven, and (b) Iran. The objectives and content included in the curricula of these countries were identified, and then similarities and differences between these two groups were analyzed. The results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions. Moreover, the results of this research showed that the goals and content of the curriculum of these countries often emphasize the areas of work and employment and are somehow economy-oriented. In Iran, there is not much emphasis on these areas in Iran. Although the principles and teachings of Islam pay attention to work, there is a lack of attention to this issue in the goals and content of the curriculum. It is suggested that there is an emergency need to review the national curriculum in Iran. Taking help from religious foundations in this field, such as paying attention to work and effort in Islam, avoiding laziness, and contentment, paying attention to halal earning and sustenance, etc., is very beneficial and enlightening. Using the fundamentals of Islam only in prohibitions and outward criticisms and only paying attention to prayer and fasting not only makes students evasive but also limits the main mission of religion which enlightens the path of people's lives and can open a way in their social and economic life. Pointing to the fact that the longest verse of the Holy Quran is in the field of economic transactions is one of the examples of the importance of the field of economics in Islam and proof of this matter. The lack of economic attention and cultivating students’ cognitive as well as metacognitive is felt in terms of preparing people for the future, after graduating from secondary education. It seems that it is better for the planners to update and modify the secondary school curriculum in line with economic development and changes in psychological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Every organization has an identity that is based on organizational culture. Organizations, like individuals, have personality, which is called the culture of that organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components of organizational culture in medical universities and present a conceptual model using the Delphi technique. Methods: To conduct the research, semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, including university professors in the field of organizational culture at Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and the Delphi method were used. In this paper, three basic steps of qualitative methods included; Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding and then the validity of the extracted codes was checked by Delphi method. Results: The findings showed that in the case of creating and forming friendly groups in universities of medical sciences in order to improve relations and proper cooperation in terms of presenting ideas, opinions and also solving problems, it creates a favorable organizational culture in universities. Medical science will be.in this section, the survey has been conducted in several stages to reach the consensus of the experts for the components. The components identified in the qualitative phase were presented to 15 experts in the form of a closed questionnaire. Then the average answers were calculated using Excel software. The purpose of the Delphi method is to reach the most reliable group agreement of experts on a specific issue, which is done by using questionnaires and asking experts' opinions, repeatedly, according to their feedback. This process continues until the average numbers become stable enough. In this research, the minimum average value of the answers is 3.5 and the difference of opinion for the Delphi averages is 1 (the lowest number in the response spectrum). If the average response is less than 3.5 or the amount of disagreement is greater than 1, the corresponding component will be removed. In the first stage of Delphi, the identified components were presented to the experts in the form of a 5-option Delphi questionnaire, and the average answers were calculated. At this stage, the average answers given for the components of risk acceptance, the importance of work to satisfy personal needs, personal influence, the effort to participate in the public-private sector, and creating an atmosphere without fear and intimidation were less than 3.5, and therefore this component were removed from the process. Kendall's coefficient of agreement in the first stage was equal to 0.569, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the second stage of Delphi, the Delphi questionnaire was again provided to the experts and the average answers and also the average difference with the previous stage were calculated. At this stage, the average difference in all identified components is less than 1, but the average components of voluntary coordination and voluntary presence of people to carry out assigned tasks, sensitivity to the needs, desires and personal problems of organization members, creating a communication network and alliance with Good people, the independence of employees and team members for how to do work and design a happy and stimulating work environment was less than 3.5. Therefore, these components were also removed from the process and the third round of Delphi was conducted. Kendall's coefficient was 0.590 in the second stage, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components is below 1, and also the average of all identified components is higher than 3.5. Also, Kendall's coefficient was obtained in the third stage equal to 0.690, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage is almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated according to experts and therefore these indicators were approved. According to the results obtained from the Delphi method, finally 8 main components and 54 secondary components were identified. According to the number of experts, the content validity index of CVR is confirmed. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient in all components is above 0.7, which shows the acceptable reliability of the components questionnaire. Conclusion: The purpose of the current research was to analyze the components of organizational culture in universities of medical sciences using the Delphi technique. Based on the results, 8 main components and 64 sub-components were identified as organizational culture components in medical sciences universities. First, the questionnaire made by the researcher and the answer package was provided to the experts. Then it was done by Delphi method in three rounds until we reached the agreement of the experts for the components. In the first round, 5 sub-components and in the second round, 5 other sub-components were removed from the study process. Kendall's coefficient in the first and second rounds is 0.569 and 0.590, respectively, which shows that the experts' agreement in these two rounds is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components was below 1 and also the average of all identified components was higher than 3.5. Kendall's coefficient was also obtained at 0.690 in the third stage, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage was almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated and approved by experts. Therefore, in the end, 8 main components and 54 sub-components were identified. According to the results of this study, the components of organizational culture in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences include shared responsibility; team orientation; The main result; desirable communication pattern; adaptability; governance and leadership; The emphasis is on details and ideation and individual creativity. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that in universities of medical sciences, the factors that define the organizational culture of the university are joint responsibility and cooperation among the members of the organization, attention to teamwork, correct communication., friendly and favorable among the members of the organization, accuracy in the results and considering it important, adapting the members of the organization to the conditions and problems created, the presence of a competent and capable manager in the university, emphasizing the details of the problems of the university and trying to provide a solution for it. It is a collective and team form, as well as expression of creativity and ideas by all members of the university. If groups are formed in a friendly manner in universities of medical sciences to create cooperation and proper relationships to solve problems and also to present ideas and opinions, a favorable organizational culture will be implemented in universities of medical sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the universities of medical sciences of the country pay attention to teamwork and cooperation among the members of the organization so that they can use the opinions and ideas of all people. If all employees have a sense of responsibility in the university and adapt themselves to the conditions, it can be said that an organizational culture has been implemented in the university. The requirement for this is to pay attention to the details available in the university as well as the results obtained from the cooperation of the members of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i.e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step; Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step; Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step; Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions; Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The underlying factors of human behavior have been the subject of research for centuries, and the concept of happiness has generally been proposed as an answer to this question. The search for happiness is like every person. In recent years, intense work speed, working conditions, stress, anxiety, and technological advances have brought the concept of happiness to the fore. Therefore, the phenomenon of being happy, which is needed due to negative reasons arising today, has brought many questions about the definition and nature of happiness, its determinants, and whether it exists. Positive psychology, which focuses on the positive aspects of people, states that a person should actualize himself at the highest level. Today, football has become a global sport played by people in almost every corner of the world. This game attracts millions of people through its activities as players, coaches, referees, fans, volunteers, and supporters. Also recently, football has been identified as a driver with economic, social, and political influence for many stakeholders. So multinational companies invest billions of dollars in the field of financial support. Also, from childhood, players and teenagers in football schools choose their favorite football models and play on the football fields by imitating them. Football in developed countries has become a revenue-generating industry, and sports managers are looking for solutions that can make the best use of the potential around them and achieve their sports and economic goals in the shadow of that. In such a situation, managers are successful in creating better conditions for themselves by diversifying their work environment. Nowadays, most countries have realized that diversifying services and taking advantage of their direct and indirect benefits are not possible without proper planning and policies, and other organizations and companies need to formulate goals, strategies, and operational planning. It is so that, while being aware of the direction of movement, he can avoid any reworking, going astray, and wasting his physical financial, and informational resources. Currently, football schools are in trouble with their mushroom-like growth in terms of facilities, or they have drawn a goal other than the training and development of football talents, which if it were otherwise, even now, despite the many years of activity of these schools, the team We had strong players in the club and national level. Although some steps have been taken in this direction in recent years, it is not enough, and more attention should be paid to this matter. Perhaps a suitable solution is to identify ways to develop happiness and joy in football schools. By researching this and compiling it, football schools can play their crucial role in the sport and football of the country in the best way and without a doubt take their rightful place in developing talents. And its durability is getting closer every day; therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of the factors affecting the vitality and vitality by relying on the diversification of football school services. Methods: The approach of the current research is a combination (of quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the qualitative part includes 17 sports management experts and physical training managers and coaches of the country's football leagues, and the statistical population of the quantitative part includes all the visitors to football schools in Mashhad, whose number was about 3000 people. The number of statistical samples in the qualitative section was 17 experts and in the quantitative section, the number was 306. The methods of collecting information are different in different stages. a) Collecting information and identifying the factors in the phase of identifying and studying related articles and books and interviewing experts, then according to the above question, there is a need to choose a specific criterion for including or not including the articles and works are done. To ensure that the research is well-formed. These criteria are necessary because as filters, they eliminate incorrect and irrelevant information. For this purpose, for a study to be considered in the systematic review of this research, it must first be a scientific article published in a university journal that has a scientific review, in addition to the fact that it must have been published between 2010 and 2020. In addition, it should be taken into consideration, whether it is in an operational method or in a conceptual way, it affects the goals of the research (study) since concepts and ideas in management progress and develop very quickly. This is the reason why articles older than fourteen years are not recognized as suitable because they can cause problems and distort the results. Of course, it should be noted that in addition to the articles selected based on the above criteria, some articles in lower-ranked journals and even articles presented at conferences have been considered to have more comprehensive access. To the literature related to this field. Papers were searched in Google Scholar, Springer, and ScienceDirect databases. To analyze the data, Lisrel software was used. Results: The results showed that the number of 34 open codes and 5 core codes (the existence of basic standards, safe physical facilities, service quality, having a written program and experienced trainers, and having a talent search program) are among the factors affecting vitality and vitality based on diversity. It is part of the services of football schools. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that by diversifying the services of football schools, it is possible to create a higher level of freshness and vitality in those who refer to football schools, which can improve the reputation of a football school and earn and increase Help the health level of people in the society. Undoubtedly, creating a happy and cheerful environment through the services of football schools in a good way and creating trust and understanding among families and every football school is of particular importance. On the other hand, this leads to branding and creating a brand image with the customer as a tool to create loyalty in customers and gain profitability as well as the sustainability of the organization. If we can design a good brand name and adhere to the commitments that we claim in the brand name, we can guarantee their loyalty to our future services. Because the football school has a set of organizational facilities it is profitable to enter into other businesses using those resources, and the branding of the football school means searching and entering into businesses that are well with The company's facilities are matched and the long-term effect within the football school is positive in terms of profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: This study aims to identify the effective components on professional competencies of faculty members in a distance education platform.Today universities compete in multi-dimensional markets (national and international student, research, enterprise) they are required to maintain solvency and comply with benchmarks and legal frameworks, to produce high quality research work, keep student consumers happy, produce good graduates—the list of imperatives grows. Since the role of higher education is decisive in economic, social, technological and cultural development of the country and the specialized manpower required by different sectors are trained by higher education. Therefore, the strengthening and development of higher education is the basis for the development of other sectors. Among these, one of the main and important factors of the country education system are faculty members. So, their ability and competencies have a direct impact on the performance of higher education. New missions in the university system and understanding the multi-semantic concept of the university have always been the necessity of paying attention to the subject of faculty members by policy makers and higher education managers. Therefore, the reaction of universities to the issue of faculty members' competencies as one of the main assets of the university has always become an attractive and significant subject in academic circles, so that over time universities and higher education institutions have found that they need programs that essentially help them in managing, developing and improving this capital. This attention comes at a time when confrontation with the developing global economy, global communication through new technologies and systems, the growth of higher education costs, the emergence of new knowledge and research capabilities, the rise of global education and literacy, and the emergence of trans-competitiveness in the fields of higher education have made it inevitable to increase organizational efficiency for universities and higher education centers. Experts believe that faculty members' quality and competence level is one of the important factors in students' success. Therefore, lack of necessary skills and competencies by professors can affect the faculty members and students' performance. Given the importance of the subject over the past decade, the study of faculty members' competencies, especially at the graduate level, has been considered by many researchers in the field of education, teaching and professional development. The importance of this issue is that the students' fate depends on their professors and their level of competence in various fields. Competencies refer to a person's knowledge, skills, abilities, or personality traits that directly affect his or her job performance. The concept of competency has a long history in the field of management and is more applicable to leaders and managers. Competency is a combination of explicit and implicit knowledge, behavior, and skills that give individuals the potential and capacity to perform tasks effectively. The current situation of the country's universities, which with the increasing demand for higher education and increasing degree of degree, along with the increasing tendency of the private and semi-private sector to establish universities and higher education institutions, often of poor quality, can have a negative impact on university faculty performance. Criticisms such as the reduction of quality, the incompatibility of university output with the needs of the labor market, business and the sacrifice of education and research, have targeted these organizations with severe criticism that the lack of attention to it at the micro level, A number of undocumented and unqualified citizens want to occupy top positions at the macro level and will slow down the process of moving towards sustainable development. What are the qualifications of faculty members to affect the development of the distance education system and how vital and sensitive the contribution of each factor is an issue that will be studied in the present study. Currently, one of the most important challenges facing Iran's higher education is the little and brief development of faculty members of universities. The present study seeks to identify the components affecting the professional competencies of faculty members in the context of distance education in order to consider them in policy making and planning to improve the quality of human resource development. Methods: The research design is descriptive survey. The qualitative section was used to deduce the model. In the quantitative stage, the Delphi method based on experts’ judgement was used to indexing the model. The statistical population (N=190) in this research was the faculty members of Payam Noor University of Khorasan Razavi who were selected and navigated based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table of determining sample size (N=120). The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that was edited and modified in several stages. The validity of the questionnaire was measured through construct validity and its reliability was calculated through Chorenbach α (94%) Obtained. Based on literature and research history, the components were identified. The identified and effective components on professional competencies of faculty members including knowledge, skills, behavior, attitudes and sub-factors are relevant to each factor.In this paper, recent articles, theses and sources were studied and 120 items related to the professional competencies of faculty members, were extracted and given to the experts in the first stage. Out of this number, 20 items with standard deviations above one and below average were removed based on analysis.In the second stage, the items were examined for re-examination in the form of a questionnaire by 15 experts. In the second stage, 93 items, out of 110, were finally approved. The professional competency questionnaire of the faculty members has construct validity based on the experts’ view and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined to be 0.943. Results: To find the effective fundamental variables which affect e-learning, the Delphi method was used. The effectiveness of knowledge factor (0.314), skill factor (0.219), behavior factor (0.125) and attitude factor (0.255) were obtained. In this study, knowledge factor with specific value (6.66) and explained variance (12.40) had the highest share among factors affecting faculty members' competencies. Cultural knowledge with factor load (0.80), computer literacy with factor load (0.78), information literacy with factor load (0.75) and job knowledge with factor load (0.70) are the most effective variables of knowledge factor, respectively. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the highest value is related to knowledge dimension and the lowest value is related to behavior dimension. Conclusion: The value of human resources capital in the development and use of main competencies and capabilities cannot be underestimated. For maintaining and following developments in human resources’ tasks and functions, experts in human resource must acquire and develop a new set of competencies to complete their changing roles and responsibilities. Developing learning culture, improving communication channels, developing team skills and creating an organizational climate combined with meaningful feeling, competence, independence, trust and participation can play an important role in promoting faculty members' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Many parents face challenges to respond to child sexual questions. These questions are generally non-projected, but appropriate and proportionate response to such questions is the most challenging for parenting issues. So, identifying sexual questions that are frequently asked by children, and on the other hand, through proper education to parents, response to curious questions of children can be tailored to age and gender correctly. Therefore, this study was designed to explore children's sexual questions. Methods: This research was a qualitative content analysis study. The samples were selected on the basis of objective and purposive sampling. Samples consisted of 20 parents living in the city of Ahvaz. Data were gathered through semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively through content analysis simultaneously and using the software MAXQDA 10. Results: Children sexual curious questions suggested 3 main themes: 1) changes in sexual characteristics, 2) gender differences and relations between the sexes, & 3) pregnancy, child birth and pregnancy prevention- which consisted of 9 sub-classes. Conclusion: The reason and process of pregnancy, how baby is born and sex differences were the most questions that children had asked. In order to answer the sexual questions properly in regard to age and gender, it is recommended that an educational package be designed to answer children questions. Paper Type: Research Article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]