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Introduction: All plants in natural ecosystems seem to symbiose with fungal endophytes . This highly diverse group of fungi can have profound effects on plant communities by helping to tolerate abiotic and biological stresses, increasing biomass, and reducing water consumption or changing resource allocation. Materials and Methods: In this study, the spatio-temporal biodiversity of fungal endophytes of Fusarium sp. and Thielavia sp. isolated from six species of halophyte plants was examined . The spatio-temporal biodiversity of these two fungal endophytes in different tissues of halophyte plant species was assessed by PAST software using Simpson, Shannon, and Margalf richness indices. The ITS-specific primer was used for the molecular identification of fungi. Results: The results of the study showed that the highest frequency was related to the fungal endophyte Thielavia sp. 21.75% in the stem. Examination of the Simpson, Shannon, and Margalf richness indices showed that the highest fungal endophyte diversity for these indices were 0.498, 0.691, and 0.445 in the stem of Bienertia cycloptera, respectively. Also, the results of the Simpson and Shannon diversity index showed that the highest fungal endophyte diversity of 0.500 and 0.693 was observed in the plant species of Abu Musa Island, and for the Margalf richness index, the highest fungal endophytic diversity of 0.455 was observed in Sirik port. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed the high spatio-temporal diversity of the two fungal endophyte species in the six saline plant species studied . Based on this information, it can be concluded that the supply of endophytes from geographical areas in which plant species are highly diverse, can be effective in the success of the plant colonization program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on vegetation classification of Darabkola forest in the middle part of Hyrcanian forests in north of Iran. For this purpose, 139 releves were sampled using systematic-selective method in 400 m grid dimensions by the consideration of indicator stands concept. Based on modified TWINSPAN method and Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method, five associations (Parrotio persicae-Carpinetum betuli, Zelkovo carpinifoliae-Quercetum, Solano kieseritzkii-Fagetum orientalis, Aceri velutini-Parrotietum persicae and Euphorbio amygdaloidae-Fagetum orientale) and four sub-associations (Zelkovo carpinifoliae-Quercetum castaneifoliae subasso a typical subasso Quercetosum, Zelkovo carpinifoliae-Quercetum castaneifoliae subasso Fagetosum orientale, Aceri velutini-Parrotietum persicae subasso Carpinetusum betuli and Aceri velutini-Parrotietum persicae subasso Pteroetosum fraxinifoliae) were distinguished. Demonstration of plant communities along the first two axes of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed that these associations had almost distinct pattern. Also, results of multiple regression of topographic factors with the two first ordination axes of DCA indicated that elevation was the most important topographic factor in distribution of the associations in the Darabkola forests. In addition, the results of this study can lead to the more efficient management and better protection of Darbakla forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]