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Although resorting to arbitration is a common and desirable method for resolving international commercial disputes, insolvency disputes, remain within the jurisdiction of judicial, executive, and governmental institutions due to their connection to general economic and commercial public order. Therefore, resorting to a single institution for adjudication is ruled out and practically, these disputes resolution are dealt within the framework of multiple and independent institutions. This issue is more complicated regarding enterprise group insolvency. Facilitating disputes in this regard requires coordination and cooperation among role-playing institutions in this field including courts, liquidators, and other stakeholders. Due to the failure to establish uniform institutions, UNCITRAL has drafted a model law to coordinate insolvency proceedings in enterprise group. Consequently, regarding the necessity of understanding and achieving this model law results, this research, through a descriptive and analytical method, studies the dimensions and infrastructures for establishing communication and coordination among institutions and advancing coordinated and effective proceedings, while addresses adjudicating institutions independence under the UNCITRAL Model Law. On the other hand, it examines the anticipated arrangements for various stages of the proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long borders and numerous neighbors at the international, regional, national, and sub-national levels have given Iran, as a regional power, various chances to promote regional integration. One of the strategic identity organizations in and around Iran is working to build platforms for the union of the Kurds in the meantime. Iran can protect its national interests by recognizing the convergent variables and considering the Kurds' capability. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq is one of the federal regions that make up the country of Iraq and has a shared cultural and historical connection with Iran. Also, it has benefited from political, security, cultural, and economic engagement on a regional and international level since the fall of the Baath dictatorship. This article examines the factors responsible for the Kurdistan Region's geographic convergence with Iran. This essay aims to answer the question of which geopolitical elements are successful in the political-security dimension of the convergence of the Iraqi Kurdistan area with Iran at the subnational, national, regional, and global levels. This is important, given the significance of the topic. The study's findings indicate that by regional geopolitical equations, factors related to the regional scale have the greatest influence on the convergence of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with Iran. These factors include the Iraqi Kurdistan Region's geopolitical dependence on Iran; the Kurdistan region of Iraq is vulnerable to threats to its security and is dependent on Iran; the Turkish government's military presence in Iraqi Kurdistan and the failure of the Turkish-Kurdish peace process; the impact of Iran on the future political landscape of Syria and the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Additionally, the security and development of Iran and Iraq are impacted by the convergence and collaboration between Iran and the Kurdistan area of Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]