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Introduction: It has been demonstrated that cytokines are important factors in the progression of periodontitis and some of them have an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to compare IL-23 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects. In addition, the relationship between IL-23 levels and probing pocket depths was assessed. Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study, samples were collected from the gingival crevicular fluid of 19 patients with chronic periodontitis and 19 healthy subjects, using paper points. The samples were transferred to the laboratory in transfer vials. IL-23 levels were determined using ELISA reader. The relation between IL-23 levels and probing depths was assessed. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in IL-23 levels in GCF between healthy subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis, with higher IL-23 levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (p value < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant and direct correlation between IL-23 levels and pocket depths in patients with chronic periodontitis (p value < 0.001, r = 0.811) and healthy subjects (p value < 0.001, r = 0.858). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, IL-23 levels in gingival crevicular fluid can be used for the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: IL-6 and IL-8 have an important role in orthodontic tooth movement and creation of periodontal diseases. Laser therapy in orthodontics has effect on decrease pain and increase regeneration of bone, acceleration of tooth movement and decrease inflammation in periodontoal tissues. The aim of this study, determination the effect of low laser therapy on GCF level of IL-6 and IL-8 during orthodontics treatments. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial study, we chose 10 patients with crowding or protrusion, that they need fix orthodontic treatment with extract of two premolars in each side and then retract the anterior teeth. After complete SRP, the orthodontic treatments started. After clinical examination such as CAL, PD and BOP the teeth in one quadrant selected case groups and the other quadrant selected control groups. Low Level laser irradiation done in 0,2,7, 21 days and collection of GCF is done in 2,4,9, 23 days with paper cone in distal sulcus of canine for 30 second. Then all of the samples transferred to laboratory and then t-test ANOVA and LSD test done. Results: The average of changes in IL-6 and IL-8 in GCF at the 21 day after laser irradiation had a significant difference but in the other days we didn’t have a significant difference. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy at orthodontics treatment causes of decrease the inflammation and decrease the IL-6 and IL-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Embryo implantation involves the interaction between the blastocyst and the uterus which occurs over a limited period called the implantation window. Objective The present study aims to investigate the factors involved in embryo implantation. Methods In this review study, The related articles published in Persian or English from 2000 to 2023 were searched in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and MagIran using the keywords embryo implantation, effective factors in implantation, and infertility. Results Uterine receptivity for embryo implantation is regulated by ovarian hormones of estrogen and progesterone. Dysregulation of cytokine expression can lead to implantation failure. The potential role of growth factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, colony stimulating factor-1, epidermal growth factor family, and insulin-like factor are also important in the implantation process. HOX genes also play an essential role during embryonic development and continue to be expressed in the development of primary female reproductive tract tubes and then in the adult uterus. The role of morphogens in implantation has also been reported; they are effective in embryo-uterine interactions during the implantation process. Conclusion Understanding the biology of embryo implantation and the molecular factors affecting this process can reduce female infertility and help develop new therapies for fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which there is no adequate treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells have already been used to treat inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the effect of the administration of human mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on the AD model and its relationship with central pain, the level of oxidative, and inflammatory stress factors in the skin. Material & Methods: The AD model was established by topical administration of a 2% 4,2-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) solution on the dorsal and ear skin of mice. Mice received topical MSC-CM and betamethasone ointment as a positive control three times a day for 2 weeks. Skin interleukin-4 (IL-4) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by the ELISA method in all groups. Changes in nociception were assessed by the tail flick test. Histological changes in the body and ear skins were evaluated after hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and mast cells number in toluidine blue-stained sections were counted in this study. (Ethic code: IR.SHAHED.REC.1399.095) Findings: Topical administration of MSC-CM and betamethasone was able to reduce pain, inflammation, and changes of dermis thickness in the dorsal and ear skins, as well as the infiltration of mast cells in the skin of groups treated with DNCB. Moreover, MSC-CM, similar to betamethasone, decreased the level of IL-4 and MDA levels in the skin of DNCB receiving groups. Discussion & Conclusion: The increase in IL-4 levels and lipid peroxidation play an important role in inducing AD-like lesions in the skin of the mouse in the DNCB model; in addition, the topical application of the MSC-CM is a potential therapeutic agent for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]