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Background & Aims: It was associated with the policy maker's attitude based on the belief of greater participation of women in the social, economic and cultural scenes, therefore, compared to the previous two programs, attention to the situation of women was planned in a clearer way. One of the basic points in the third development plan was to align it with the establishment of an institution as "Women's Participation Affairs Center". In the important parts of the program, such as education and employment policies, no interesting needs are observed between the two sexes. The fourth program is interesting both in terms of the amount of materials of the program that are dedicated to women and also in terms of a different approach regarding the topic of gender. In the fourth development plan, it is emphasized to eliminate violence against women. The most important concern in the fourth development plan is the issue of women's employment and the improvement of the economic status of women in the society, and if we are talking about reforming public attitudes towards women, this reform of attitudes is related to holding economic positions and employment opportunities. In the third program, special educational and cultural-sports needs are emphasized by using Islamic principles and foundations. In the fifth development plan, which is considered to be the most important article of this plan about women and family. In the 6th Development Plan, it is very important to improve the status of women and a suitable position for women and family was considered in this program. Creating suitable job opportunities to attract unemployed graduates, which has increased as a result of the increase in the number of girls entering universities, paying attention to female heads of the household, self-headed and abusive women, reducing divorce, increasing the facilitation of marriage, the possibility of facilitating the entry of women into higher academic degrees such as Ph.D. Specialization and serious attention to improving the quality of women's health is one of the issues that should be given serious attention in the future. As a result, it is in accordance with the theories of gender justice, which is often equated with the concept of gender equality. But in reality, they are two separate concepts. Gender equality refers to equal life opportunities for women and men, which includes the ability to participate in the public sphere. Gender equality focuses on fair participation in education, the labor market, health services and politics. Legal reform is one of the key and important tools in the fight for equality. Gender equality does not necessarily ensure equality of outcomes; because it assumes that when barriers to participation are removed, there will be a level playing field for both sexes, and it does not consider that men and women may have different realities and experiences. Therefore, the concept of gender justice is raised. Gender justice refers to justice in life outcomes for women and men. As a result, it thinks beyond equal opportunities, reminds the need to change attitudes, emphasizes the different interests, preferences and needs of men and women, and emphasizes the need to redistribute power and resources. This paper examines the gender policies governing Iran's employment development programs before and after the revolution. Which is using qualitative content analysis. The purpose of this study shows that there are several elements and propositions of gender discourses in the set of employee development programs of Iran before and after the revolution. Methods: The above paper is a documentary and library study. The research method used is of the secondary analysis type and is mostly done by using library data and using sites and the general population and housing censuses and registration information. The data used are second-hand data and partly third-hand data. According to the type of data, the study is descriptive and analytical. In this paper, due to the limitation of census information, that part of the gender analysis of employment based on Iran's development programs before and after the revolution and population and housing statistics has been used to some extent from registration data. Results: The results obtained from the employment status of women show that during different years before the revolution and even after the revolution, the changes in women's employment did not experience a regular upward or downward trend. Comparing the employment of women and men also shows superiority the regularity of men in the labor market during the statistical survey was from (1956-2020). Also, the unstable trend of development in the employment of women and men, especially women, shows that with the smallest changes in economic conditions, a large part of the female labor force has left the market. This issue is not only from an economic point of view but also from a social point of view. It also has adverse consequences for society. The current state of Iran's labor market, including its high unemployment rate, and low participation rate, shows limited employment generation. That the set of policies, laws, and regulations in the field of employment did not have the necessary efficiency. A review of each of the development programs in Iran shows that the issue of "gender justice" has been neglected and has faced shortcomings in its application and implementation. In the development programs before the Islamic revolution, the statesmen's view of development was purely economic. It was believed that the movement towards development begins with the growing trend of the growth of the national gross product. By dividing the population into two semi-urban and rural, the semi-urban brought new values following the increasing contact with the outside world. Conclusion: In terms of the period, the approval authorities in the fields of employment, diversity, transformation, decline, and rise. In other words, while in the development programs, there have been things such as equal pay, insurance, equal working hours, and expertise for the employment of women and men. In some cases, policymakers have paid attention to things such as wage equality, skill-oriented, empowerment and structural changes in women's employment, and in general, by using the theory of Giddens, Barry, Tocqueville, Bloomberg, it can be seen that there are approaches to create jobs for women and men, change the structure, identified equality, development, dignity, economic power in the documents of Iran's employment development programs. That a diverse set of macroeconomic policies and active and inactive labor market policies have been implemented with the purpose and motivation of creating employment. Which have different and diverse positive and negative, strong and weak consequences and functions. The results of women's employment status show that during different years before the revolution and even after the revolution, the changes in women's employment did not experience a regular upward or downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with autism are known to have qualitative defects in communication and social interactions, as well as repetitive and limited behaviors. In addition, these children have deficits in joint attention. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the joint attention training program on the neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility of children with high-functioning autism aged 3 to 7 in Abadan City, Iran. Material & Methods: A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group was conducted in 2021 for 30 children with high-functioning autism disorder in Fereshtagan and Noandish centers in Abadan, Iran. The sampling was performed in an accessible way and via the randomized balanced blocks method in the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the assignment and joint attention training program was implemented in the intervention group. The data were collected using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ, Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993), Continuous Performance Task (CPT, Connors, 2004), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Grant and Berg, 1948). The obtained data were analyzed through the multivariate covariance test and at a significance level of 0.05 using the SPSS software. Results: In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of neuropsychological abilities decreased from 7.82 (0.93) in the pre-test to 6.26 (0.84) in the post-test (P<0.001). In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of cognitive flexibility decreased from 7.00 (1.00) in the pre-test to 6.22 (0.70) in the post-test (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the joint attention training program in improving neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility, the implementation of this program is recommended for preschool counselors and psychologists to improve the conditions of children, especially those with high-functioning autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders begin in childhood and lead to a weakening of physical, cognitive, emotional and social skills in affected children. The aim of this study is to develop a multimedia educational program and to evaluate its effectiveness on problem solving in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Material & Methods: In this study, a multimedia training program with a neuropsychological approach was first developed and the content validity of the tool was confirmed by experts. The effectiveness of the program was then evaluated in a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, a post-tesand a follow-up phase. The participants in this study were children with neurodevelopmental disorders whose male students were studying in Tehran in the academic year of 1400-1401. The children were examined using the Tehran Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, and 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorders were selected based on the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed 24 -training sessions that focused on a multimedia training program with a neuropsychological approach. Each session took place five times a week and lasted 90 minutes. The instrument used in this research were London Tower Test (Shalis,1982), which was used as a pre-test, post-testand for the follow-up studies. The data were then analyzed using repeated measurement tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results showed that the multimedia training program can influence the problem-solving skills (p≤0/01) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. It also showed that the effect of this instruction was constant even after 1/5 months. Conclusion: multimedia training program with Neuropsychological approach enhance problem solving of Children with neurodevelopmental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Old age is a critical period in life. Due to advances in technologies and improvement in healthy conditions, the number of aged population is increasing. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychological empowerment program on life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials The study population consists of all women aged 60-70 years referred to a charity foundation in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 24 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Using a pre-test/post-test design, the elderly first completed the life satisfaction index-Z and the attitude towards aging questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received the psychological empowerment program at 8 sessions. After the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data in SPSS software, version 19. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027). Results There was a significant difference in life satisfaction (F=9.673, P=0.006) and attitudes towards aging (F=8.385, P=0.009) between the two groups. The psychological empowerment program significantly improved life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging in older women. Conclusion The psychological empowerment program is effective in improving life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran. It can be used by experts in the fields of counseling, geriatrics, psychology, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Divorce is an ancient and social problem in society that the widespread consequences continue long after to this incident. Aim: The present aim this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting mental health and rumination of divorce women. Method: This present research is a simi-experimental plan in which pretest-posttest with the control group has been used. The statistical population of this study is formed of divorced women under the auspices of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization in 2021. For this purpose a total of 50 women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups. Instruments were Rumination Response Style (RRS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The experimental group participated in emotion regulation training to 90–minute 10 sessions during the two months. The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and multivariate covariance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 39.4 and 8.25, respectively. The results showed that after controlling the effects of covariate variables (pretest), effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting health and rumination components include somatic symptom of (F=17.45, P>0.01), anxity (F=25.52, P>0.01), social performance (F=26.99, P>0.01), depression (F=15.47, P>0.01), rumination response (F=75.13, P>0.01) and distraction respons (F=34.42, P>0.01) divorce womens were significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of this study it can be conclouded that emotion regulation training could be an effective intervention in enhancing mental health and reducing rumination. Thus, it is suggested that such intervention be used in family counsling and mental health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Revising medical curricula & establishing reformed programs result in refined educational methods which are accompanied by development of active & student-based teaching methods such as Team Based Learning (TBL). This paper describes an experience of implementation and evaluation findings of TBL according to medical students' viewpoints. Methods: This action research was planned for a census sample (n=187) basic science students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences with the new curriculum. After briefing the students about TBL and forming teams we did TBL in the following steps: Individual Readiness Assurance Test (IRAT), Team Readiness Assurance Test(TRAT), appeal, Team Application(TAP), and peer assessment in 15% of each program block. Data gathered by observation recording sheets, and a researcher-made questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A major part of the students (63.8% ) have admitted TBL as a deep learning approach. Students believed that TRATs were useful (46.2%), team application was a learning facilitator in TBL classes (51.7%) and the class management was suitable (60.5%). The observational data showed that the students changed their seats in order to take part in group discussions. They were listening carefully, asking questions and giving reference to support their claims. Some were against this method because it increased their study workload. Conclusion: It seems TBL has a positive effect on deep learning and facilitates learning. The results indicate that TBL results in cooperative & active learning, and it improves class activity and may be, because of the developed interaction between students, it can promote communication skills. We recommend the use of TBL as a teaching method, beside other teaching methods, in medical sciences education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]