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Background: Despite technical advances in medical diagnosis and treatment, the malpractice of health providers has increased, which can lead to a decrease in people's trust. Medical malpractice means unintentional failure to perform a task, which includes misdiagnosis, treatment plan error, or disease management error. This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the causes of health providers’ malpractices in cases referred to Forensic Medicine Organization in Yazd. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and applied study conducted in 2019 in Yazd province. The research population included all the cases of complaints about health providers’ malpractices in cases referred to Forensic Medicine Commission of Yazd Province in 2108. Data were collected by a two-part checklist and were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: Out of 96 cases examined in 2018, 53 of the plaintiffs were men, and 43 of them were women. Most of them were in the age group of 20-40, and the most of complaints were related to government hospitals. Regarding the cause of malpractice, the highest frequency was related to carelessness, non-compliance with government regulations, and a combination of several factors, negligence and lack of proficiency, respectively. Moreover, obstetricians and gynecologists (18.8 %), surgery (13.5 %), and anesthesia (10.4 %) reported the highest number of malpractice cases. Only 58.3 % of the cases were proved. Conclusion: Identifying the root causes of medical malpractice, changing individual approach to systemic approach in dealing with error factors, increasing the awareness of the treatment staff of the rules and consequences of malpractice, and notifying health care providers of guidelines through safety committees can reduce malpractice of treatment staff, and consequently, reduce complaints from them.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the cases of complaints of medical malpractice in gastroenterology referred to Fars Forensic Medicine from 2005 to 2020. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive and retrospective study, the cases of adult gastroenterology medical malpractice cases referred to the specialized commissions of Forensic Medicine in Fars province from 2005 to 2020 were examined. The data were expressed in the form of descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency between groups. Results: The frequency of claims against the field of gastroenterology had increased more than 6 times in the second five-years of review. In terms of the health status of the plaintiffs, 56 patients (64.36%) died, 4 patients (4.59%) were disabled, 10 patients (11.49%) were recovering, and 8 patients (10. 30%) were improved. Conclusion: This study showed that during the studied years, the frequency of complaints from the specialized field of adult gastroenterology has gradually increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In dental treatment, sometimes the results and complications of treatment along with the failure of the dentist in establishing a professional relationship with the patient, can lead to dissatisfaction and complaints against the dentist. This study aimed to offering a picture of dental malpractices in Kashan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we assessed complaints against dentists and experimental dentists between 2008-2019 in Kashan. The study checklist includes complainant and therapist variables, type of treatment, and complaint variables. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-22 and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for qualitative variables and t-test and analysis of variance for quantitative variables. Results: The results showed that 25(48%) of 52 complaints were proved to be medical malpractice. The mean age of complainants was 42.9±10.77 and 29 cases (55.8%) were women. Most practitioners that had complained of were male (82.7%). The frequency of complaints was related to general dentists (75%), experimental dentists (17%), and specialists (8%), respectively. 86.5% of complaints were related to private centers and 13.5% were related to governmental centers. The most common cause of complaints was dissatisfaction with treatment (96.2%) and the most type of malpractice was due to lack of expertise (32.7%). Conclusion: According to this study, one of the most important reasons for complaints against dental practitioners is the lack of communication between patients and dentists. Increasing scientific and technical skills and improving communication skills with patients can prevent many complaints.

Background: Medical malpractice is a serious problem in the health care system. This study aimed to review the medical negligence in Iran. Methods: Based on the PRISMA checklist, a search for scientific records was done separately by two researchers. All the articles that had selection criteria were evaluated in terms of methodological quality. Medical malpractice was assessed in four main divisions including negligence, Lack of skill, Carelessness and non-compliance with government regulations). The bias test was performed using the Egger’s test. Revman software was used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, 25 studies that examined the countrychr('39')s medical malpractice from April 1994 to March 2018 were included in the meta-analysis. Negligence has been implicated in 1,105 cases of the 2,068 claims. Lack of skill in 255 out of 2068 cases, 432 cases of carelessness and 244 cases of non-compliance with government regulations Were recorded the results of the meta-analysis showed that OR negligence was 0.76 (CI 95%: 0.66-0.87), lack of skill was 0.61 (CI 95%: 0.49-0.76), carelessness was 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.50-0.76) and non-compliance with government regulations was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.60-0.73). In the review of the confirmed negligence ratio of the registered complaint files, only 19 studies mentioned this ratio. The results of the meta-analysis of these 19 studies showed that the OR ratio of the confirmed negligence of complaints was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.41-0.86). From all claims, General surgeons had OR of confirmed medical malpractices, equal to 0.47 (CI 95%: 0.37-0.60), gynecologists with OR equal to 0.49 (CI 95%: 0.36-0.66), general practitioners with OR equal to 0.43 (CI 95%: 0.30-0.63) and orthopedic specialists with an OR of 0.44 (CI 95%: 0.32-0.61). Conclusion: The results of this study help to understand the current position of medical negligence studies in the country to identify the cause of the malpractice and develop new studies for the future.

Background: Medical malpractice is a serious problem in the health care system. This study aimed to review the medical negligence in Iran. Methods: Based on the PRISMA checklist, a search for scientific records was done separately by two researchers. All the articles that had selection criteria were evaluated in terms of methodological quality. Medical malpractice was assessed in four main divisions including negligence, Lack of skill, Carelessness and non-compliance with government regulations). The bias test was performed using the Egger’s test. Revman software was used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, 25 studies that examined the country's medical malpractice from April 1994 to March 2018 were included in the meta-analysis. Negligence has been implicated in 1,105 cases of the 2,068 claims. Lack of skill in 255 out of 2068 cases, 432 cases of carelessness and 244 cases of non-compliance with government regulations Were recorded the results of the meta-analysis showed that OR negligence was 0.76 (CI 95%: 0.66-0.87), lack of skill was 0.61 (CI 95%: 0.49-0.76), carelessness was 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.50-0.76) and non-compliance with government regulations was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.60-0.73). In the review of the confirmed negligence ratio of the registered complaint files, only 19 studies mentioned this ratio. The results of the meta-analysis of these 19 studies showed that the OR ratio of the confirmed negligence of complaints was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.41-0.86). From all claims, General surgeons had OR of confirmed medical malpractices, equal to 0.47 (CI 95%: 0.37- 0.60), gynecologists with OR equal to 0.49 (CI 95%: 0.36-0.66), general practitioners with OR equal to 0.43 (CI 95%: 0.30-0.63) and orthopedic specialists with an OR of 0.44 (CI 95%: 0.32-0.61). Conclusion: The results of this study help to understand the current position of medical negligence studies in the country to identify the cause of the malpractice and develop new studies for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The number of lawsuits against doctors and healthcare personnel and medical institutions has steadily increased in recent years worldwide. The evaluation of medical malpractice in hospital’s mortality committees is one of the ways to investigate medical errors, which, despite the lack of complaints against doctors, addresses malpractices in cases of deaths in hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of medical malpractice in dead patients examined at the Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, after obtaining the Ethics Committee approval of the Kurdistan University of medical sciences, the records of all the patients died at Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2017 evaluated. Out of these cases, referral cases to the Mortality committee and the outcome of the evaluation of the baccalaureate of the committee were evaluated, and eventually information was extracted from cases where the malpractice was recorded by the hospital mortality committee. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, percentage and for analytical purposes, Chi-square test was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 software. Results: Among the total 732 deaths in Tohid Hospital, the highest number of cases was males (52.6%), illiterate (70.2%), urban residents (73.7%) and housewives (32.9%). The mean age of the deceased was 69.8 years. The largest cause of death was cancers (22.7%). Of the total number of deaths, 25 cases (3.5%) were suspected of having errors in the preliminary evaluation, which malpractice confirmed in 2.3% of all deaths and 68% of the cases referred to the mortality committee. The most type of malpractices were due to Indifference in 58%. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the most cases of medical failure were due to medical indifference in medical personnel. Considering the improvement of the abilities of physicians and other medical staff in various stages of treatment during their education and in the form of effective workshops after graduation, and paying more attention to religious standards and ethics can reduce the deaths due to medical malpractice have a significant impact on treatment centers.

Introduction: Medical malpractice is an act committed by a medical or healthcare professional who deviates from the standards in his or her profession and causes harm to the patient. Meanwhile, medical malpractice in the field of obstetrics and gynecology includes a wide range of complaints against physicians, and prevention of this type of malpractice requires an understanding of its epidemiology. In this study, medical errors in gynecology and obstetrics departments of Jahrom city were investigated. Method: A cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted to investigate medical errors related to referral cases to Jahrom Forensic Medicine Organization in the gynecology and obstetrics departments between 2002 and 2018. The method of data collection was based on the questionnaire and the use of the information in the files in the medical commission of the General Directorate of Forensic Medicine of Jahrom city. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Sixteen complaints have been lodged against Obstetrician and gynecologist specialists in the evaluated period; Of the 14 cases (82.35%) related to childbirth, 1 case (5.88%) was related to genital infection and 1 case (5.88%) was related to breast tumor. The average age of the plaintiffs was 29.81. The youngest complainant was 24 years old and the oldest was 45 years old. Votes issued for 9 cases (52.94%) of complaints leading to failure to prove negligence, 3 cases (17.64%) indicating negligence of obstetrician and gynecologist, 2 cases (11.76%) of the ban on prosecution due to the time, 1 case (5.88%) resulted in a written cautation to gynecologist and 1 case (5.88%) resulted in the plaintiff's consent to the obstetrician. There were three cases of negligence, one involving the placement of surgical instruments during a cesarean section, one involving the death of a baby during childbirth, and one involving the absence of a diagnosis of a breast tumor. Conclusion: Most of the medical malpractice charges in cases against obstetricians and gynecologists are related to labor management. This demonstrates the need to provide courses based on complex cases leading to complaints for the obstetrics and gynecology department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Patients' complaints against doctors and medical malpractice is one of the most serious and challenging issues in the medical profession. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of sufficient information about skin and beauty complaints in the medical system. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify skin and beauty complaints referred to the Tehran Medical System Organization. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, all cases of complaints of medical malpractice in the field of dermatology in the medical system of Tehran province from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed and after collecting information, the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Statistics 25). Results: Of the total cases, 1.6% were related to skin and beauty. Most of the plaintiffs were female (79.8%) and single (59.6%). The attending physicians were mostly male (79.8%) and general practitioner (48.1%). The most common type was private medical center (95.2%). The most common complaints were treatment complications (36.7%), most of which were related to the side effects of Botox or fat injections (15.4%) and then laser complications (12.5%). The most common type of negligence was carelessness (30%) and 20.7% of cases were declared negligent. The highest percentage of verdicts was written reprimand and inclusion in the file (42.3%). Conclusion: Physicians should avoid engaging in unrelated disciplines and unscientific practices. Reducing financial relationships and emphasizing the physician's proper interaction with the patient and adhering to a professional commitment are helpful in preventing complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identify the causes of complaints and contributing factors may reduce medical litigation. The aim of this study was to assess the cases of complaints in the field of psychiatric. Methods: This study was done in retrospective cross-sectional study method. We inves-tigated 27 cases of medical malpractice in the field of psychiatry that registered in higher disciplinary board of the Medical Council of Iran, from 2001 to 2010. We calcu-lated the absolute and relative frequency of variables after collecting all data and calculated the difference between malpractice and exculpation cases based on physicians profile by Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results: The 24 people who died and their families protested against psychiatrist were enrolled in this study. Demographic information and other characteristics of the cases were collected. All participants had been men. Seventeen of 24 cases (70.84%) were in 30-50 year old group and seven of 24 cases (29.16%) were in > 50 year old group. The most common types of negligence were related to disregarding of governmental provi-sions (40%). The age, expertise and place of medical activities were variables that dif-ferent significantly between negligence and non-negligence groups (P< 0.05). The re-sults of the study showed eight cases of 24 cases (33%) in the lower board, nine cases of 24 cases (37.5%) in the appeals board and eight cases of 24 cases (33%) in the higher disciplinary board were acquitted. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it appears that age, expertise and activity place are factors that can be effective in reducing malpractice in psychiatry.

Introduction: Up to the present, the most complaints are about medical malpractice in anesthesia - surgury wards. To identify defects and promot patient safety, an efficient and effective system of risk management is necessary. The aim of this study is to determine anesthesia- surgury risk management and root cause analysis of events in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Methods: A standard structured checklist that has been developed by ECRI institute was applied. The checklists were filled onsite through direct observation and interviews with anesthesia and surgical personnel in 46 operating rooms at 4 hospitals. Data were analyzed by SPSS, Excel and Minitab software. Root causes of events were plotted using Fish Bone diagram. Results: Total means score of anesthesia- surgery risk management status was 2.13 on the scale of 3 which is at the intermediate level. There was a significant difference between the four hospitals. These hospitals only met 45% of the predetermined standards. The highest compliance with standards (69%) was for "Anesthesia and surgical equipment" while the lowest with 11% was for "Training in risk management". Conclusion: The results of this study developed a list of factors leading to risks and errors in anesthesia - surgical wards. The results can be used in benchmarking hospitals and performing educational and managerial interventions. Also, these results can lead to the development of a clinical guideline that could be mandated by by policymakers to reach the final goal of health care systems, i.e. promotion of patient safety and provision of consumer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]