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The aim of the current research is to present a model of social capital pathology within the education system. A mixed- method approach, based on content analysis and structural equation modeling was utilized. In the qualitative research section, the statistical population comprised experts and professors in the field of education from Tabriz city, selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative section, teachers and administrators were chosen based on the Cochran formula. Twelve semi- structured interviews were coded using ATLAS.ti software and analyzed through content analysis. A total of 384 researcher-designed questionnaires were distributed and completed. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using the SmartPLSsoftware. The research results indicate that social capital components contribute to relational damages (dimensions, certainty in social awareness, social erosion, conformity in social relationships, certainty in social commitment, and social knowledge forecast), planning damages (organizational conflicts with collective capital, erosion of organizational principles, and decline of cognitive assets), institutional damages (underdevelopment of thoughts in environmental relationships, structural conflicts within the organization, erosion of social structure, susceptibility to behavioral abnormalities), and individual interactional components (cognitive-behavioral rigidity, lack of interest in collective participation, decline in trust and resilience, and mastery of behavioral abnormalities) .The use of structural equation modeling demonstrated that the proposed relationships in the qualitative analysis were statistically confirmed, with factor loadings above 0.3 and t-statistics exceeding 1.96. Fit indices were also within acceptable ranges, affirming that the social capital pathology model in education is adequately fitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management accounting practices play an important role in business management and help companies survive in a competitive and ever-changing world. Appropriate measures of management accounting practices allow academics and practitioners to effectively evaluate the adoption of management accounting practices by companies. In this study, based on the qualitative information disclosed in the annual reports of 175 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2022, new and comprehensive criteria for management accounting practices at the company level have been designed using the Word2Vec word embedding model. In measuring textual metrics, using this method is very useful because it can capture the nuances of language and identify patterns in textual data. After developing textual measurement criteria, a series of validations including content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability have been performed to confirm that the measurement criteria of management accounting practices really reflect the actual choices of companies. The results show that the fit and approval of the developed measures with the representative indicators of each management accounting practices’ dimensions in the industry indicate the effectiveness of the proposed measures. The new measurement of management accounting practices not only provides a solid foundation for empirical analysis in management accounting research, but also paves a new way to examine the status of companies regarding the extent of using management accounting practices.

The shrine of the Eighth Shiite Imam in Mashhad, the most prominent religious and pilgrimage site in Iran, attracts numerous domestic and international tourists annually. The Noghan neighborhood, with its rich historical and cultural background, is one of the most notable areas adjacent to the Razavi Shrine, continually drawing the attention of pilgrims and tourists. The implementation of renovation plans with a singular focus on the concept of pilgrimage as the primary objective, neglecting the historical and religious identity capacities of the area, has legitimized the reconstruction approach. This approach, by reducing the concept of pilgrimage and the sacred realm to a simple stay-visit point, has disregarded or eliminated many of the existing physical-functional capabilities. This study aims to articulate the concept of religious tourism as a holistic and integrative view of the capabilities of historical religious fabrics and the spatial qualities that influence them. A suitable urban design model for the historical Noghan neighborhood is presented to enhance religious tourism as an exemplary case. The research methodology is both qualitative and quantitative, and in terms of its objective, it falls under applied research. To collect data, reputable scientific sources and the opinions of urban design experts were utilized, and the results were evaluated using content analysis techniques. The research findings indicate that enhancing religious tourism through design-oriented interventions can play a win-win role in modernizing historical cities. In the derived design model, the functional, physical, movement, and accessibility dimensions of the existing urban fabric, respectively, had the most significant impact on enhancing the status of religious tourism in the historical Noghan neighborhood.

Introduction: Virtual education in nursing is very crucial, as it provides flexibility and wide access to education, especially in challenging situations. However, in Iran, only a limited number of universities have successfully implemented virtual education. According to the recommendations of studies, the issues and problems related to virtual education should be addressed to improve the learning process of students. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of nursing students regarding the advantages and disadvantages of virtual education. Methods & Materials: In this qualitative study, 13 nursing and midwifery students from Isfahan University were purposefully selected in 2023. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis and the five-step method of Graneheim and Lundman, with the support of MAXQDA-10 software. The Lincon and Guba criteria were also used to validate the data. Results: The advantages of virtual education included flexibility, easy access to content, prevention of pandemic diseases, participation in extra-curricular activities, optimization of resourses, and development of educational participation. The disadvantages were also categorized into three categories: factors related to instructors, factors related to students, and inadequacies of the infrastructure for online education. Conclusion: The disadvantages of virtual education in Iran are concerning due to infrastructure limitations, low internet speed, high costs, and inadequate training of instructors, compared to developed countries. Therefore, before implementing virtual education, the students' abilities to use the internet, educational software, and online resources should be carefully evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent decades, higher education has increasingly faced pressures to address real-world challenges in social, economic, environmental, and technological domains. The literature indicates that universities have expanded the traditional notion of science to include new missions. Their responses to these demands varied based on their regulations and social contexts. Some universities demonstrated strong local or regional orientations, while others broadened their activities to become international players. Additionally, some institutions adapted their internal procedures to embrace new administrative methods or transformed into entrepreneurial universities. Consequently, the literature provides evidence of a positive response from universities, although this response is scattered and not uniform on a global scale. As strategic plans offer managerial insights and operational frameworks for achieving organizational goals and missions, their content can be analyzed to examine university responses to various demands. This study employed a quantitative content analysis method to investigate the strategic plans of universities worldwide, exploring their approaches to new academic missions, the emerging subjects recently included in these plans and their correlation with the development levels of their respective countries. Methodology: The research sample comprised the strategic plans of universities worldwide that are accessible on the web. The universities were initially identified using the list provided by the Scimago Institutions and University Rankings, which included 4,126 universities at the time of data collection in May 2022. By employing the following formula in the title field of documents indexed in Google, the strategic plan of each university was located, and its full text was downloaded: ("strategic plan" OR "strategic plans" OR "strategic planning" OR "Strategic * plan" OR "action plan" OR "action plans" OR "action planning" OR strategy OR vision OR mission OR values) AND [University Name] Purpose: In recent decades, higher education has increasingly faced pressures to address real-world challenges in social, economic, environmental, and technological domains. The literature indicates that universities have expanded the traditional notion of science to include new missions. Their responses to these demands varied based on their regulations and social contexts. Some universities demonstrated strong local or regional orientations, while others broadened their activities to become international players. Additionally, some institutions adapted their internal procedures to embrace new administrative methods or transformed into entrepreneurial universities. Consequently, the literature provides evidence of a positive response from universities, although this response is scattered and not uniform on a global scale. As strategic plans offer managerial insights and operational frameworks for achieving organizational goals and missions, their content can be analyzed to examine university responses to various demands. This study employed a quantitative content analysis method to investigate the strategic plans of universities worldwide, exploring their approaches to new academic missions, the emerging subjects recently included in these plans and their correlation with the development levels of their respective countries. Methodology: The research sample comprised the strategic plans of universities worldwide that are accessible on the web. The universities were initially identified using the list provided by the Scimago Institutions and University Rankings, which included 4,126 universities at the time of data collection in May 2022. By employing the following formula in the title field of documents indexed in Google, the strategic plan of each university was located, and its full text was downloaded: ("strategic plan" OR "strategic plans" OR "strategic planning" OR "Strategic * plan" OR "action plan" OR "action plans" OR "action planning" OR strategy OR vision OR mission OR values) AND [University Name] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The importance and role of the pre-hospital emergency system as the frontline of treatment in reducing casualties and damage to patients, as well as the unknown nature of some biohazardous factors, should be considered. This study aims to investigate the prepared components of the pre-hospital emergency system in dealing with biological threats. Methods: This study is a two-stage qualitative research. The first stage used the critical review method, and the second used the guided qualitative content analysis method. The studied population at this stage consisted of 14 people who were experts in the field of biology. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. Results: After integrating the dimensions and components obtained from the literature review and interviews and based on the opinions of the supervisors and advisors and the summary of the research team, seven dimensions and 23 final components of pre-hospital preparedness in biothreat were extracted and finalized. The study's final findings include seven dimensions of disease warning and diagnosis, information and communication management, management, planning and evaluation, resources and equipment management, documenting and recording experiences, training and practice, and safety and security. Conclusion: The present study can be a reliable source for evaluating biological exercises and actual biological operations by identifying the components and dimensions required for biological exercise. Planning and implementing activities related to the role of the main elements of preparedness identified in this review can help improve the preparedness of emergency medical service systems in incidents. Also, the findings of this study provide valuable information to EMS educators, EMS managers, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social issues require a multifaceted approach to understand and deal effectively. The lack of a multi-dimensional approach leads to the presentation of one-dimensional policies, and as a result, social issues are not resolved. Among the social issues, there are many ups and downs of hijab in Iranian society. This article believes that one of the reasons for not solving the hijab issue is the lack of a multi-dimensional perspective in policy making in this area. In order to examine this failure in more detail, this article evaluates the approved policies during the last four decades from the perspective of eight theorists to examine the theoretical dimensions and nineteen active activists in the field with the aim of examining the difficulties of implementing policies in direct contact with the audience of the hijab arena. Is. Content analysis method has been used to analyze the participant's points. The result of the analysis of the conversation with the group of participants led to the central category of ill-considered policy, the result of two main concepts of the sovereign understanding of hijab and uneven confrontation. A sovereign understanding of the hijab means an independent understanding of the context and mind, which has led to a one-sided and political interpretation of the hijab. The consequence of such an understanding is the inconsistent confrontation with hijab in the channel of state-oriented politics (instead of problem-solving politics) and the contradictory confrontation of the government with women and men without approved hijab in certain political situations. What seems to be useful in correcting this process is the awareness of the sovereign policy makers regarding the damage caused by the one-dimensional view and the improvement of the knowledge of the policy makers and the policy-making process towards the multi-dimensional view and its requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing expansion of information systems and the emergence of new sources of gathering data and information from the general public is inevitable. This situation creates responsibility for the government in two ways: firstly, the management and how to manage this level of data and information for maximum optimization, and secondly, the proper and easy sharing of governance data between government institutions and the private sector. In response to this issue, the Parliament passed the National Data and Information Management Law, which, considering the importance of the issue, needs to be analyzed to analyze the main reasons for the formation and approval of this law, along with the consequences and real effects of its implementation. This research was conducted with the method of qualitative content analysis and two antecedents of proponents and opponents of moderators, and two consequences of positive consequences and possible threats were extracted. Also, according to the calculated factors, suggestions have been made to avoid unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Universities have established a system of periodic evaluation and accreditation in order to manage the quality of education, enhance their physical resources and educational equipment, and improve their human resources. This study aimed to conduct an analysis of second-generation institutional accreditation standards for medical sciences universities from the experts' perspective. Methods. The present research was a qualitative study with an inductive approach conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between the years 2019- 2022. The sampling method was purposeful, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 34 managers, officials of development offices, and experts involved in the accreditation programs of educational institutions. As for study validation, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln (i.e., credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability) were used. As for data analysis, MAXQDA 20, a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative and mixed-methods data analysis, was used. The interview texts were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results. The results of the content analysis identified 204 initial codes, 9 subcategories, and 2 main categories (the strengths and weaknesses of the content). The subcategories of strengths included standardization, improvement of educational processes, development of assessment areas, restructuring of educational structure, benchmarking global experiences, and transparency in criteria. The subcategories of weaknesses included structural weaknesses, lack of validity, and ambiguity in criteria. Conclusion. The process of analyzing the content of accreditation standards for educational institutions periodically and obtaining regular feedback will lead to the enhancement of the standards and the realization of activities, ultimately resulting in the improvement of educational quality and the dynamism of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a crucial approach to enhancing the experiences of mothers. This study aimed to explore women's views on the factors contributing to disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted with 12 postpartum women selected through purposive sampling to ensure maximum diversity. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a conventional content analysis method. Results. The analysis revealed seven key categories. These categories included respect for women, meeting needs and preferences, involvement of women, continuity of care, empathy, adequate human and non-human resources, and factors that deter D&A. Conclusion. It is essential to develop effective interventions to enhance RMC across various dimensions. Providing RMC during and after childbirth necessitates the involvement of policymakers and health managers. This can be accomplished by addressing the welfare and environmental needs, showing empathy towards mothers, safeguarding their privacy, alleviating staff workloads, and transforming the attitudes of healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic diseases. Health care workers specially “Behvarz” due to their wide range of duties, have the potential role in delivering education and prevention of dental caries. The purpose of the present study was to assess the perspective of “Behvarz” working in health care centers of Kordkooy city regarding oral health. Materials and Methods: Focus group discussions was conducted with a convenient sample of “Behvarz” working in health centers of Kordkooy city. Total number of 26 Behvarz with the mean work experience of 13 years took part in the study. After obtaining informed consent, group discussions performed in- person (2 groups of 7 and 2 groups of 6 participants) in health centers considering universal precautions. Two researchers coordinated the discussions. Five questions proposed on dental service utilization and oral health challenges and data collection continued until saturation obtained. The content of the discussion recorded and transcribed verbatim. For content analysis, two raters independently coded the content; sub-themes and themes were then extracted and consensus obtained. Results: More than half of the participants were 34 years of age and older. Regarding the challenges related to dental care in health centers, the main themes were; resource limitation, workload, lack of awareness of “Behvarz” role, limited access, economic barriers to prevention and care. Regarding the challenges to prevention, the main themes were; poor knowledge of patients, limited oral health related knowledge of “Behvarz”, and human resources. The main suggestions were emphasizing on the role of schools, mothers and patient education. Conclusion: Our research showed that despite the important role of “Behvarz” in delivering oral health promotion at the population level, this role is neglected and needs further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary world, women have been considered in a variety of ways, including as a subject for the propagation of modernism, religious traditionalism, and as a criterion for the development of citizenship rights. In the doctrine of the National Socialist Party of Germany, women were regarded as a means to augment the country’s political-military influence and increase its population. Simultaneously, certain journals, including “Nameh Iran Bastan,” observed the treatment of women as a means of modernity and a factor in the expansion of the population and the establishment of a robust central government in Iran. This research seeks to determine the position of women in this journal and the extent to which the views and policies of Nazi Germany were reflected in it. This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on the content analysis of the pro German weekly periodical “Nameh Iran Bastan” over the course of four years. The results of research shows that according to the defence of this weekly newspaper to fascism and a modern understanding of women in society, they are referred to as an effective tool for childbearing, thereby enhancing the military power of the country. Contrary to the conventional perspective, which prohibits women from participating in sports and political-social activities, this contemporary perspective posits that women are semi-divine beings who are responsible for the formation of the nation. They are expected to fulfil their most significant responsibilities, which include childbearing and raising children, when they engage in social activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphor is a symbolic and indirect language that conveys concealed and supplementary meanings. Interpretive narratives may also exhibit gender metaphors and stereotypes. The work is founded on the interpretive accounts of three Persian interpretations of Rowz alJannan, Jala al-Azhan, and Manhaj al-Sadeghin in this research. This article has selected narratives that have employed gender metaphors or whose content is reminiscent of gender metaphors. Subsequently, the qualitative content analysis method has been employed to investigate the value of these metaphors and their correlation with gender stereotypes. Examples of gender metaphors in these narratives include “bed,” “Boyut,” “Atbah,” and “Denya.” While some of these metaphors have a positive connotation, others have a negative connotation. The most significant findings of this research are that the majority of negative metaphors about women are based on the role of a woman as a wife or sexual companion, which emphasizes her physical appearance. These metaphors are influenced by prevalent gender stereotypes that are detrimental. On the contrary, the majority of positive metaphors are centered on the role of the mother and the qualities of kindness, creation, origin, and commencement that are associated with the mother. In addition, this research demonstrates that the female body is depicted in two distinct ways: the “heavenly body” and the “infernal body.” The female heavenly body is a symbol of complete delight and benefit, while the female infernal body is a symbol of deception, sin, Satan, and adultery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the coherence of the decision-making system in the Cabinet of Ministers, centered on the Office of the Cabinet of Ministers. Based on this, the research question is, what will be the role of the government office (including its mission, structure, capabilities and duties) to promote the political coherence of the decision-making system of the Cabinet of Ministers? Considering the exploratory nature of the research question and the need to create a deep understanding of the subject under study, the qualitative research method has been used in this article. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview based on the interview protocol. Also, considering the prescriptive nature of the research from a political perspective, researchers have tried to present proposed policies in the form of a codified policy model at the end of the article. Finally, the "policy model of promoting the coherence of the decision-making system in the Cabinet of Ministers with the focus on the role of the government office" in this research, derived from the application of theoretical literature and research findings in the five components of mission, position, input, process and output, is presented in two passive and active approaches. Based on this model, the following policy implications have been proposed: changing the mission of the government office to an active and agenda-setting unit; Elevating the position of the office from a secretarial unit to a decision-maker and policy-maker, upgrading to a unit that contributes to the balanced development of policy-making and regulatory missions (Principles 138 and 134) of the Constitution in line with the promotion of the president and the executive branch, upgrading the policy content through the development of the office's expertise By taking advantage of the capacity of the expert community, research institutes and think tanks, also in the field of policy implementation, monitoring and monitoring the strategic priorities of the Cabinet of Ministers and the President himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the necessity of investigating the relationship between the formation of enclosed or gated communities and spatial-social separation in Iranian cities, this topic has not been well studied so far. For this purpose, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between these two issues and the indicators affecting their formation in the cities of the country. In this research, systematic review, content analysis, and structural analysis were used. The findings of the research show that social indicators are the most frequent indicators in previous studies, followed by economic indicators, indicators related to housing, and physical indicators, respectively. Also, the indicators of employment, income, and education are the influencing variables that affect social-spatial segregation and, consequently, the formation of gated communities in Iranian cities. These factors are directly and indirectly effective in social-spatial segregation and, consequently, in the formation of gated communities through the promotion of social distance. Also, inequality in urban environments has an effect on the formation of gated communities through the impact of social-spatial segregation, and gated communities intensify social-spatial segregation by creating inequality in urban environments and promoting physical distance and social distance. As a result, it seems that social distance and inequality in the city environment mediate the relationship between gated communities and social-spatial segregation in Iranian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinema as a means of communication has the ability to represent environmental issues and influence the audience's perception and understanding in the management of environmental hazards. This research seeks to answer the questions: How is the representation of natural hazard management depicted in the cinema of Iran and the world? Has cinema been able to increase the social awareness of its audience regarding how to confront hazards? This research has conducted a qualitative content analysis of 17 foreign films and 9 Iranian films. Based on the content of the analyzed films and after coding the research findings, six main themes were identified. The epresentation of this management in the cinema of the world and Iran is shaped based on two concepts that emerge from the conceptual framework of this research. The contents that can be related to the natural hazards management cycle are as follows: Natural hazards; The experience of sudden collapse and destruction of life, Decision-making for natural hazards management, Rescue and relief, Control of natural hazards caused by natural hazards, Reconstruction, recovery, and rehabilitation Investment,Encouragement of preventive actions for the next natural hazards. The findings of this research indicate that a society seeking to establish an effective relationship with nature and recognizing the role of social realities in the formation of disasters strives to control vulnerability and enhance resilience. In global cinema, the management of natural hazards is primarily reflected within the framework of rational, proactive, practical, and targeted management. In Iranian cinema, the management of natural hazards is often portrayed as a form of surrender to nature, characterized by waiting for assistance and an inability to control hazards. This depiction reflects a more passive approach compared to the proactive strategies shown in global cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In every text, there are two levels of ambiguity of translation and ratio, which are the basis of the rhetorical explanation of the text from different perspectives of textual analysis, whether formalistic or discursive. In most of the classical texts, the aforementioned levels of ambiguity more or less exist, but in some texts, one aspect outweighs the other. Sa'adi's Golestān is one of the texts whose rhetorical basis is based on the ambiguity of ratio and types of displacement and articulation. In this article, the rhetoric of Golestān or the confrontation of the author-narrator with the listener/reader is classified and interpreted based on the ambiguities of the relationship between the creator of the text in the form of displacement and the significance of linguistic-narrative articulations. The basis of the analysis is the concepts and terms of several communicative fields such as semantics, rhetoric, narratology and discourse analysis. The result shows that, according to the dominant aspect of ratio ambiguity in Golestān, the author-narrator of the text uses four levels of extension / floating, pre-information, connection / eclecticism and repetition/accumulation in order to convey meaning or communicate the "Message-Force." Some of these cases, while creating diversity, contain the type of openness and polyphony, which help to draw the attention of listeners/readers. In some cases, the direction-inhibition aspect of the text restrains the listener/reader under the support-control umbrella of the author-narrator. Of course, all cases considered, while directing the listeners/readers, in most cases the text leads them to an open state of reality, which does not limit inferences in the reader's encounter with the textual and conceptual representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the questions that always arises in the minds of researchers, especially young researchers, is what pattern the progress of science follows in their field of expertise and what is the direction of the studies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the studies published from 2011 to 2022 in Persian scientific journals in the field of workplace safety and determine the direction and scientific process of studies in this field. Material and Methods: All the studies published from the years 2011 to 2022 in the Persian scientific research journals ”Iran Occupational Health”, “Occupational Health and Safety”, “Occupational Health Engineering”, ”Iranian Journal of Ergonomics”, “Occupational Medicine” and “Occupational Health and Health Promotion” were gathered using census method from the websites of the journals. In total, 595 published articles were categorized according to the thematic codes determined by the opinion of experts, the theme of “risk analysis, assessment, and risk management” had the highest percentage of frequency (18.66 percent), while the theme of “safety application in other industries or specific workplaces” had the lowest frequency of percentage (0.34 percent). Approximately 50 percent of the variance of the published studies explained the themes of “risk analysis, risk assessment, and management”, “inspection, analysis and modeling of accidents”, “human error and safety”, “social, organizational factors, culture, safety climate, and behavior-based safety”. Conclusion: The existing trends emphasize the importance of learning lessons from accidents as a reactive approach and risk management, human factors, and behavioral aspects in safety interventions as a preventive approach. The research development of the country’s safety at the workplace should be further improved with new policies in different fields while taking advantage of international scientific advances on the specific functions and challenges of the country and with a problem-oriented approach.

Background and purpose: In universities, the issue of attracting and retaining faculty members is of great importance. If this is not possible for any reason, it can lead to the academic stagnation of academic staff members the loss of motivation in their career path, and interruption in the implementation of their seven duties. Considering the importance of the advancement of academic staff members as educational and research elites of the country and their significant role in training skilled human resources, especially the role of academic staff members of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in training graduates of medical sciences that are related to the general health of the society, are related, this study was carried out to identify, diagnosing the factors and ways to prevent their scientific stagnation. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative method from January to December 2023. In this research, according to the nature of qualitative research, to explain the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants, the purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity was used, as well as the snowball sampling method because the goal was to select participants, Which was a rich source of information and helped the researcher to better understand the concept of scientific stagnation. The participants were faculty members who had been faculty members for at least 10 years. In addition to conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews, upstream documents and the results of similar studies were also examined. Results: In total, 3 themes, 18 categories, and 118 codes were extracted as follows: The main themes of this study are the causes of scientific stagnation, the challenges of the advancement path, and the strategies to prevent scientific stagnation. The theme of scientific stagnation includes 47 codes and 6 categories (individual, organizational, psychological, skill, job, and research factors). The content of the challenges of the promotion path, including 33 codes and 6 categories (the challenges of the path of the promotion regulations, challenges in cultural, educational, research, executive activities, and challenges of examining cases for promotion of scientific rank). The content of the solutions to prevent scientific stagnation includes 38 codes and 6 categories (the solution to prevent scientific stagnation in connection with the regulation of promotion, cultural, educational, research, executive activities, and the review of files for the promotion of scientific rank.) Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the researchers identified the causes of scientific stagnation; also, they believe that revising the promotion regulations is the most important way to prevent scientific stagnation. They stated that in the revision of the bylaws, in addition to the quantitative indicators, in each of the scoring factors, their quality can also be addressed. In terms of education, the quality and innovation of education should be considered. In the research section, pay attention to the applicability of the research. They believed that scientific stagnation is preventable and can be countered through broader scientific productivity measures and reward systems that encourage innovative and exploratory projects. In the executive department, the quality of work and useful changes and developments during the executive activity should be the criteria. In cultural activities, pay attention to social and quality activities; also, they brought up the faster process of promotion cases and the existence of elite human resources to handle possible problems. They stated that with the approach of delegating authority to the country's medical sciences universities and revising the promotion and promotion bylaws, it is possible to deal with the factors causing scientific stagnation and take a step towards a responsive university.

Introduction: Women with breast cancer often face deep spiritual challenges that affect their performance and spiritual health. This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the spiritual experiences of women with breast cancer and the role of spirituality in the cancer experience. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted with a qualitative research method and a contractual content analysis approach in 2024 at the Chemotherapy Center of Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom City under the supervision of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. To collect information, 13 patients with breast cancer were selected by targeted sampling and a semi-structured interview was conducted with them. Interviews were recorded, handwritten, and analyzed by Granheim and Lundman method. Lincoln and Cuban criteria were used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software (VERBI). Results: Information in 3 levels of spiritual needs, including 4 sub-levels of communication with God, in search of awareness, hope in overcoming suffering, finding meaning in suffering, and spiritual and spiritual synergy; The category of factors of fear and suffering of the patient includes 3 sub-categories in the clutches of poverty and time, double suffering and silent battle, and the category of spirituality results in patients includes 2 sub-categories in the arms of God in overcoming cancer and recovery and healing pains. The average age of the patients was 44.30 years. Finally, 10 subcategories and 3 main categories (spiritual needs, factors of fear and suffering, and results of spirituality in patients) were extracted. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that living with breast cancer can change the path of life, beliefs and spiritual attitudes of patients. In addition, it will cause their spiritual growth and excellence. Also, the findings of this study showed the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients as part of comprehensive and patient-centered care. It is recommended to conduct more studies on meeting the spiritual needs of cancer patients as a part of spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health organizations all over the world are presented with numerous challenges due to providing and maintaining the health of society, and their flawless performance depends on their proper management. Moreover, the assessment of the country's healthcare system demonstrates that there is no competent clinical leadership in the country, and it must be radically reformed. The present study aimed to identify the obstacles and solutions to improve clinical leadership competence among Guilan University of Medical Sciences managers. This qualitative research was conducted using the content analysis approach. The sample included the managers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Among this population, 15 senior managers were selected via a purposive sampling approach and entered the study. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and reviewing the experts who did not participate in the research were used. After analyzing and combining the data, the data were categorized into 139 primary concepts, 2 main categories, and 12 sub-themes. The main categories included barriers and solutions. Considering the importance of leadership competence and the complexity of specialized work, the Ministry of Health plays a key role in determining the management perspective, implementation, and monitoring in the whole country to determine the comprehensive health roadmap. Furthermore, at the individual level, apart from training a generation of specialists, it is imperative to train people and equip healthcare managers with effective management tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Women with physical mobility disabilities face many barriers in accessing safe, respectful and acceptable health care. This study was designed and conducted with the aim of providing strategies for improving prenatal care in women with physical disabilities in 1401. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative method of guided content analysis, and for this purpose, 24 people (12 pregnant women with physical disabilities and 12 pregnancy care providers) were selected using a targeted sampling method with maximum diversity, and in order to collect Data were used from semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. In this study, the comparative analysis method was used, and Guba and Lincoln criteria were used for the accuracy and robustness of the data. Results: Data analysis led to the identification of 810 primary codes, 4 main categories and 16 subcategories. The strategies for improving prenatal care in women with physical disabilities were classified in four categories: empowering beneficiaries, creating a systematic support system, modifying the care process and protocol, and promoting intra- and inter-departmental cooperation. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there are many obstacles in the field of providing prenatal care, and in order to improve these cares, solutions were identified that make the policy makers and trustees of this field plan more precisely and through facilitation to The use of these strategies will improve the access of women with physical disabilities to prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miracle of the Quran is one of the oldest and most frequent issues in Quranic and theological studies. In the meantime, the morphology of Ejaz has received more attention than other dimensions and its understanding is mostly limited to a specific elite audience. This research aims to analyze the qualitative content of a collection of verses containing a dialogue between two opposing and agreeing points of view about the verses of the Qur'an, with a new approach to analyze the quality of the understanding of the miracles of the Qur'an for the general audience. The findings of the research show that the Qur'an relies on the dialogue style in expressing the issue of the verses of the Qur'an and special implications in this context. "Guidance" is the most central feature of this miracle. The specific guidance of the Qur'an is not mere knowledge that is separated from faith and belief, but it is a kind of inner arousal that makes a person believe and yearn for a truth; The nature of this guidance is such that its realization requires and is accompanied by the understanding of the verses of the Qur'an. The verses (miracles) of the Holy Qur'an can be formulated as "repulsive miracles" and "gradual miracles". The manifestation of the repulsive miracle of the Qur'an is in the "lint of the heart" and this phenomenon occurs in the "individual field" and the manifestation of the gradual miracle is in the "distraction of hearts" and this phenomenon occurs during a certain process in the "social field" which can be transformed into a social manifestation. He explained the miracles of the Qur'an. The main factor in this event is emphasizing the "linguistic identity" of the Qur'an through "recitation and listening". "Dialogue with the Qur'an" is a skill that, using it in the right situation, can be an effective method in the appearance of the repulsive miracle of the Qur'an to the general audience and the foundation of its gradual miracle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Purpose: The digital age has caused fundamental changes in people's desires and needs. Organizations, as one of the elements of the economic and social ecosystem, have undergone changes in the digital age. In order to respond to these expectations, organizations must put fundamental changes on their agenda. These fundamental developments can only be achieved through a digital transformation leadership approach. With this approach, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the competencies of leaders in the digital transformation environment. Methodology: The current research was carried out under the category of developmental and applied research which is exploratory using the grounded theory method. The approach of the current research is of a qualitative type and was used through content analysis. The statistical population of this research includes experts in Allameh Tabatabai University in the field of information technology management. In this research, purposeful and snowball sampling methods were used, and the purpose of sampling was information saturation. For this purpose, experts were first selected using a targeted method. The validity of the interview results was checked by the acceptability criteria method through review by the interviewees and the possibility of confirmation by reviewing and reconfirming the results in the final stage. In order to measure the reliability of the interview questions, the method of retesting and questioning at two different times was used. Also, the reliability of interview coding method was calculated by the agreement percentage method in coding, and the results were 65.87%. Findings: The findings of the research showed that five competencies including technicalspecialized competence, intellectual competence, managerial competence, individual competence and digital organizational competence are necessary for digital leadership in order to solve various problems and issues in the field of organizational transformation. Conclusion: In order to improve the competencies of leaders in the digital transformation environment, it is of utmost importance to focus on technical-specialist, intelligence, managerial, individual, and organizational competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sigmund Freud's theory posits that the essence of content analysis lies in uncovering the unconscious perceptions or cognitions embedded within a text. This endeavor finds its academic grounding within the discipline of psychology of art, where the underlying goals, values, cultural influences, and tendencies of creators or creations are scrutinized. Particularly within the cinematic domain, filmmakers are tasked with unraveling the intricacies of conveying meanings and messages through the nuanced language of cinema. In the latter half of the 20th century, content analysis has risen to prominence as a predominant research approach in both psychology and art studies. This study endeavors to apply qualitative content analysis (QCA) to the realm of cinema. Drawing upon Freud's psychoanalytic theory, specifically emphasizing the concept of personality, the research focuses on three seminal films by Alfred Hitchcock (Rope, Psycho, and Vertigo). Freud's theoretical framework is chosen for its influence on character development in cinema and its pioneering contributions to psychoanalysis, particularly in symbolism and personality theory. The selection of Hitchcock's films for case studies is deliberate, as they aptly showcase the centrality of character and delve into profound psychological dimensions. Personality emerges as the linchpin concept, seamlessly bridging Freud's psychoanalytic theory with the narrative intricacies of Hitchcock's films. The research methodology employs a nonrandom sampling strategy, guided by thematic and narrative proximity, alongside analytical indicators derived from Freud's theoretical constructs. The research methodology encompasses various analytical components, including analysis units, meaning units, content areas, and analytical categories. These components are meticulously selected through an exploratory approach, leveraging both traditional library resources and contemporary audio-visual materials. The findings of the study underscore a multifaceted analysis, encompassing the exploration of latent content, identification of primary characters, delineation of meaningful narrative sequences, and elucidation of primary thematic elements, notably instincts and anxiety. This approach ensures a deep and thorough understanding of the material. Furthermore, the research delineates two core content areas within Freud's theoretical framework: personality structure and personality levels. These delineations serve to deepen our understanding of the interplay between psychoanalytic theory and cinematic narrative, offering valuable insights into the rich tapestry of human experience depicted on the silver screen. The division of research results into descriptive and inferential parts adds another layer of depth. Based on this, the meaning units, which represent the primary scenes featuring the main characters, account for 18.42 minutes (72.52%) of the entire film in Rope, 49.59 minutes (49.45%) in Psycho, and 102.08 minutes (79.75%) in Vertigo. Therefore, the main character's presence as a meaning unit is most prominent in the film Vertigo. In short, this includes introducing main characters and analyzing how often they appear in the film, which helps analyze the content. The main themes found in analyzing these films are instincts, including themes of life and death, and anxiety, which includes real, emotional, and moral aspects. By incorporating these diverse elements, the research provides a holistic view of the psychological underpinnings in Hitchcock's works, offering a profound understanding of the characters' motivations and the films' overarching themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Both the importance of learning English and early childhood language acquisition underscore the importance of focusing attention on factors that facilitate language acquisition for this age group. One of the essential components in any educational process is the related textbooks, which can determine the success or failure of learners in attaining the intended objectives. According to most experts, textbooks should be developed to meet the needs of students and their differences. Among these considerations for children are emotions and senses. Therefore, the present research was conducted to evaluate the content of textbooks written to teach English to children using criteria based on the emotion-based education model, which deals with the effect of emotions caused by the use of senses. Methodology: This study was considered applied research that conducted a content analysis method. Its main purpose is to evaluate the sources of teaching English to children in Iran. The population of the study consisted of all the textbooks used in this field, and the statistical sample is the most popular among them. To identify these sources, it was tried to identify the most popular English language institutions in Iran and detect the popular resources through them. For this purpose, an explanatory questionnaire was designed scientifically and answered by 107 English teachers who were selected by random sampling. On this basis, the corpus of the investigation consisted of four collections, namely, Super Minds, First Friends, Family and Friends, and Selected Collection of the Iranian Language Center. In the second step, the content of the mentioned sources (18 book volumes) was analyzed based on the three criteria of »use of senses«,»communication« and »emo-sensory-capital«. Since decision-making based on multiple criteria requires reliable methods, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), as a method for analyzing complex decisions is used to score the criteria. For this purpose, four questionnaires were prepared according to this method and completed by experts. Finally, by calculating the consistency rate that is used to check the reliability, the relative and absolute weights of the alternatives are calculated and the most suitable source was determined. Finding: According to the relative value calculated for each of the criteria, the two criteria »integration of senses« and »communication« have a relative value as top ones equal to 0.467, and »emotional-sensory-capital« with a relative value of 0.067 is in the third place. The calculations related to the relative value of »integration of senses « are in line with the Emotioncy model hierarchy, in the sense that the relative value of the levels increases as one moves from auditory to master level. According to the obtained results, the relative value of the sub-criterion of »centri-communication « is equal to sub-criterion of »peri-communication «. This shows that according to experts' views, paying attention to motivational techniques in the learning process has the same value as the techniques used to convey and clarify the content. The relative value of the resources in the »integration of the senses « criterion shows that the Super Minds collection with a score of 0.38 is in the highest rank and Family and Friends and First Friends collections are in the middle with scores of 0.134 and 0.111, respectively and the Iranian Language Center collection with the score of 0.087 is in the last place. In terms of the »communication « criterion, the Super Minds scored the highest with a vlaue of 0.408, and the Iranian Language Center collection have taken the last position with a score of 0.053. The Super Minds collection, with a score of 0.452, is also the best resource in terms of the »emotionalsensory capital « criterion, followed by Family and Friends, First Friends, and Iranian Language Center with scores of 0.329, 0.178, and 0.041, respectively. Conclusion: The main findings show that the resources used to teach English to children in Iran stopped at the first two levels of the Emotioncy's model and did not reach the higher levels of the emotioncy pyramid. Among them, the visual emotioncy which has the highest frequency, followed by auditory emotioncy. Because less than 20% of children learn through listening at a young age, it can be said that the majority of the audience of these textbooks do not benefit from their learning style. After the visual and auditory emotioncy, the inner emotioncy emerged, but it is much less used than the previous stages. Kinesthetic emotioncy is placed after Inner emotioncy. Meanwhile, a group of learners will learn better when concepts are experienced through physical, tactile and movement processes. Regarding Arch and Master's emotioncy, we can say that Arch's emotioncy is not taken into account in any source, except for the Super Mind Collection, and Master's emotioncy frequency is zero in all sources. In the reviewed sources, sensory use was more direct and conscious, and many of the assessments of sensory criteria were related to centrisensory techniques, while paying attention to peri-sensory techniques facilitates the process of deep learning. The study data also show that there is no balance between the two sub-criteria of communication, and the sub-criterion of centri-communication has a greater share of sources. The predominance of centri-communication techniques over peri-communication suggests that the primary purpose of sources is to convey content consciously and directly and less attention has been paid to the attractiveness of effective communication. Also, attention to the criterion of emotional-sensory-capital was not observed in the reviewed sources; while successful communication is also implicitly lost if the content of the book is indifferent to the emotionalsensory capital of the subject. At the end of the research and after calculating the absolute weights of the sources, the Super Minds collection with an absolute weight of 0.481 was determined as the best textbook for teaching English to children in Iran. The Family and Friends collection ranks second with an absolute weight of 0.221, and the First Friends and Iranian Language Center collection have taken the third and fourth positions with an absolute weight of 0.207 and 0.092, respectively. In conclusion, it can be said that in the content of popular sources of teaching English to children in Iran, the three criteria of »use of senses «, »communication « and »emo-sensory capital «, which influence the learning process of children, have not received much attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to analysis the influential factors in technological and innovative entrepreneurship in the fishing industry. The studied population in the content analysis section was consist of proficient panel and for ISM section consisted of experts in which a sample of 30 individuals was selected by a combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods. Using the content analysis technique, the effective components were identified and categorized which 55 codes were extracted and categorized into 10 influential components. The results of ISM indicated that the influential factors in technological and innovative entrepreneurship were classified into four levels. At the bottom level (level 4) the support component was placed, which was the most basic and important component and acts as the foundation stone of the model. In the third level, environmental and management components, in the second level, the components of biological, economic, market and the supply of financial and human resources, and in the upper level (level 1), which had the least influence on other components, the factors educational and research, technical and professional and international were placed. The results of the MICMAC analysis also indicated that the managerial and support factors with the highest level of influence and low dependence were placed in the driver area. Technical, professional and international factors with a high degree of dependence were placed in the dependent area and other factors were placed in the linkage area. The model presented in this study can serve as a guide and roadmap for policymakers and key decision-makers in the fishing system to achieve sustainable ecosystem entrepreneurship development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article's primary focus is AI policymaking in the European Union. For this purpose, one examined the foundations, approach, and mode of governance and emphasized ethical principles. Focusing on the EU can be vital as this region is a pioneer in regulating emerging digital technologies and platforms. The European Union is trying to regulate artificial intelligence technologies and companies providing artificial intelligence services through its legislation and policies. The article analyzed the content of documents related to artificial intelligence in Europe using the document analysis approach and qualitative content analysis. This article showed that considering the fundamental principles, formulating a general approach, considering ethical principles, and devising a governance system appropriate to each society's background conditions is necessary for applying artificial intelligence for national interests and reducing its potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a model for designing the architecture and structure of participation of scientific elites in science and technology policy-making. To achieve this model, an interpretive approach using content analysis method has been employed. Based on the analyses conducted and the scientific elite's context in our country, it is concluded that this network should be layered and segmented. These layers and segments should be connected at various points. Formality and flexibility differ across different regions of the network, and communication tools and mechanisms are based on this formality and required functions. Based on another characteristic of the scientific elite context, depth, breadth, and quality of participation in the network should be controlled, and ultimately, achieving the network's goals requires discourse-building and understanding among its various components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, environmental issues and problems have become many challenges and concerns for society. Many believe that these problems stem from cultural weakness. Bourdieu sees the root of environmental crises in the Western worldview, which has a hegemonic view of the environment. In fact, without the formation of environmental culture, the formation of a society with high environmental responsibility is not possible. Therefore, in the present study, a qualitative study of the determinants of environmental culture was performed. Using qualitative method and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, data were collected and then content analysis was performed. Finally, two comprehensive themes and five organizing themes were achieved. Regarding the components of environmental culture, 7 basic themes were obtained, which could be divided into comprehensive and organizing themes. These basic themes were divided into two general categories: subjective and objective. Regarding the factors affecting environmental culture, 12 basic themes were mentioned, which could be divided into comprehensive and organizing themes. These basic themes were divided into three general categories: socio-cultural factors, motivational factors and economic factors. Finally, in order to check the content validity of the model, the CVR index was used, the results of which indicate the approval of the model designed by experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important part of the efforts of urban management in cities with historical textures is to improve their dilapidating parts. Considering the variety of possible actions, it is necessary to avoid unorganized everyday approaches in decisions for reconstruction. In Mashhad City, 12.4% of the area and 28% of the population are in the worn-out texture; therefore, the present study seeks to provide a complete picture of the activities of the Fifth Islamic Council of Mashhad regarding the regeneration of those worn-out parts. In terms of purpose, the study is an applied type, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the first step, by studying Persian and English sources, the main dimensions of the reconstruction of the worn texture were determined. Then, by referring to the archive of the council's approvals (including 4530 approvals) and checking each one, identifying those related to the worn out texture, including 58 approvals (1.28% of all the approvals and an average of 11.6 approvals for each period) and storing them, the data were entered in the Excel database. Using descriptive statistics, the data were categorized. Further, by using the content analysis method (in the form of open, central and selective coding), we clarified the approaches governing the planning of each course and finally the whole courses regarding the regeneration of the worn-out texture of Mashhad. The results were processed in open coding, including 39 key issues in central coding and 9 important issues in selective coding. There were 4 central categories including 1) procedures related to implementation, management and human resources, 2) financial and economic fields, 3) the main domain of promotion and empowerment, and 4) management of land and body. The interpretation of information indicates a change in the approaches of each period of the council in various issues. In other words, there is no coordinated approach in any era in dealing with the worn texture. Although the headings of urban management measures (with the exception of the environmental domain) are in accordance with sustainable regeneration, the dimensions emphasized in each domain do not show compatibility with the approach of sustainable regeneration. In this regard, suggestions have been presented for short, medium- and long-term periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Transparency has long been a basic principle for the management of public organizations and is usually considered a powerful tool to achieve desirable social goals, including strengthening accountability and reducing corruption. Objective The current research aims to develop a model for institutionalization of transparency culture in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (LUMS) and assess the relationships between its components. Methods This is a mixed-method (exploratory sequential) study. In the qualitative phase using the content analysis method, the participants included university faculty members and senior managers of LUMS. A researcher-made questionnaire tool was used to collect information, and the interpretive structural modelling method was used to analyze and rank the components. Results Based on the results, 18 factors were identified as the main factors of the model for institutionalization of transparency culture in LUMS, which were organizational agility, change management, the rule of law, trust and confidence, clear accountability, cultural infrastructure, knowledge management, effectiveness and efficiency of processes, regulatory quality, participatory management, justice orientation, cognitive skills, adaptation and tolerance, reduced administrative corruption, improved community satisfaction, transformation and improvement of the administrative system, meritocracy, and employee satisfaction. Among these factors, the reduced administrative corruption and employee satisfaction had the greatest effect on institutionalizing the culture of transparency in LUMS. Conclusion The most important factors for institutionalizing the culture of transparency in LUMS are the reduction of administrative corruption and the satisfaction of human resources. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to these factors in institutionalizing the culture of transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In universities, the issue of attracting and retaining faculty members is of great importance. If this is not possible for any reason, it can lead to the academic stagnation of academic staff members the loss of motivation in their career path, and interruption in the implementation of their seven duties. Considering the importance of the advancement of academic staff members as educational and research elites of the country and their significant role in training skilled human resources, especially the role of academic staff members of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in training graduates of medical sciences that are related to the general health of the society, are related, this study was carried out to identify, diagnosing the factors and ways to prevent their scientific stagnation. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative method from January to December 2023. In this research, according to the nature of qualitative research, to explain the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants, the purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity was used, as well as the snowball sampling method because the goal was to select participants, Which was a rich source of information and helped the researcher to better understand the concept of scientific stagnation. The participants were faculty members who had been faculty members for at least 10 years. In addition to conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews, upstream documents and the results of similar studies were also examined. Results: In total, 3 themes, 18 categories, and 118 codes were extracted as follows: The main themes of this study are the causes of scientific stagnation, the challenges of the advancement path, and the strategies to prevent scientific stagnation. The theme of scientific stagnation includes 47 codes and 6 categories (individual, organizational, psychological, skill, job, and research factors). The content of the challenges of the promotion path, including 33 codes and 6 categories (the challenges of the path of the promotion regulations, challenges in cultural, educational, research, executive activities, and challenges of examining cases for promotion of scientific rank). The content of the solutions to prevent scientific stagnation includes 38 codes and 6 categories (the solution to prevent scientific stagnation in connection with the regulation of promotion, cultural, educational, research, executive activities, and the review of files for the promotion of scientific rank.) Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the researchers identified the causes of scientific stagnation; also, they believe that revising the promotion regulations is the most important way to prevent scientific stagnation. They stated that in the revision of the bylaws, in addition to the quantitative indicators, in each of the scoring factors, their quality can also be addressed. In terms of education, the quality and innovation of education should be considered. In the research section, pay attention to the applicability of the research. They believed that scientific stagnation is preventable and can be countered through broader scientific productivity measures and reward systems that encourage innovative and exploratory projects. In the executive department, the quality of work and useful changes and developments during the executive activity should be the criteria. In cultural activities, pay attention to social and quality activities; also, they brought up the faster process of promotion cases and the existence of elite human resources to handle possible problems. They stated that with the approach of delegating authority to the country's medical sciences universities and revising the promotion and promotion bylaws, it is possible to deal with the factors causing scientific stagnation and take a step towards a responsive university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The prevalence of hospitalized patients with various medical diagnoses and a history of drug use disorders in hospitals is high. Considering the high prevalence and numerous problems of the medical staff in caring for these patients, it is very reasonable to consider it as one of the health priorities that endangers the quality of care. The purpose of this study is to explain and clarify the challenges of nurses in caring for hospitalized patients with substance use disorders. Materials & methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2023 at the University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health. The study was conducted using Elo and Kingas style content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an average time of 45 minutes per interview. The participants were 12 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, who were selected by purposive sampling. Results: 280 codes, 14 subcategories and 4 main categories were the results of the analysis of the interviews. The theme of burnout in providing care was extracted through four main categories of cultural misconceptions, providing more care, condemning attitude and complexity of pain management. Conclusion: Care and attitude challenges in the care of these patients create concerns in the nursing community regarding the safety of patients and the quality of care. Therefore, the relevant authorities should pay attention to the perceived challenges of nurses and try to plan to solve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urban areas, as human-environment systems, depend heavily on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being. Therefore, integrating ecosystem services into urban planning is essential for promoting sustainable urban development. Among the various decision-making processes impacting ecosystem services in cities, urban planning is arguably the most critical. Despite the increasing academic interest in ecosystem services, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding their integration into urban planning. Incorporating ecosystem services into the management of urban land is crucial for the rational allocation of land and effective ecological management in urban areas. However, several obstacles hinder this integration, including the inadequacies in the content and process of urban development plans, the limitations of current planning tools, the lack of knowledge about ecosystem services, the absence of relevant institutions and executive organizations, and the deficiency in the application of ecosystem services knowledge in practice and policy. Moreover, the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks are often lacking. This paper aims to examine both the current and potential utilization of ecosystem services in urban development plans, specifically focusing on the city of Arak. Methods: Two dominant scientific approaches are employed to evaluate the uptake and operationalization of ecosystem services in urban planning: interviewing stakeholders and analyzing the content of plans and policies. Content analysis of urban development plan documents provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential, gaps, and limitations related to the inclusion of ecosystem services in urban planning practices. To achieve this goal, a content analysis method with a directional approach (deductive method based on theory) was utilized. The study examined the extent to which 19 ecosystem services were addressed within three components of the Arak development and construction plan: the information base, vision/objectives, and actions. A scoring protocol was developed to assess the quality of ecosystem services inclusion in urban plans. This protocol used a 3-point scale, with scores ranging from zero (no inclusion), one (implicit inclusion), to two (explicit inclusion). Results: Among the regulating services, air purification and local ventilation services were mentioned 109 times, with the highest frequency (34 times) in the analysis section (database). The content analysis revealed that healthy water production was referenced 99 times, while food production was mentioned 82 times. Regarding supporting services, soil quality was noted nine times in total, with the highest mention (four times) in the analysis section. Among cultural services, recreational services and mental experiences were mentioned 94 times, with the highest frequency (26 times) in the city survey and knowledge section. The results indicate that the ecosystem services concept is partially integrated into the mentioned development document. However, the document lacks a holistic view of urban ecology and its benefits. In the three examined components, ecosystem services were mentioned 607 times, both implicitly (312 times - 51.4%) and explicitly (295 times - 48.6%), with the most attention given to the information base component (358 times - 59%). The significant difference in the score for cultural services (400) compared to provisioning (274), regulating (198), and supporting (30) services suggests that cultural services are more comprehensively included in the Arak metropolis plan. Discussion: The inconsistency in addressing each service or concept across the three components highlights a lack of significant correlation between data collection, analysis, goal formulation, vision development, plan preparation, and the establishment of rules and regulations. Another critical issue is the misalignment between the process and content of these plans with new concepts, as well as the weakness of the comprehensive rational process in integrating these concepts. To incorporate new ideas like ecosystem services into urban development plans, not only is there a need to strengthen content and process, but also to improve planning tools. Empirical studies suggest that tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) can help bridge this gap. Conclusion: Incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into new laws, guidelines, or revisions of existing plans and programs is a complex process that cannot be accomplished in the short term. The presence of informed stakeholders, public decision-makers, and experts is essential. Additionally, it is crucial to form interdisciplinary teams within both consulting engineering firms that prepare urban development plans and public institutions responsible for drafting and approving these plans. Tools such as Strategic Impact Assessment (SIA) are recommended to evaluate proposed alternatives and select the final options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, second home ownership has become an everyday lifestyle in most parts of the world, after more than two decades of research records in Iran and the dispersal of thematic literature or second home studies. This research aims to review and analyze scientific research articles in the second home field in Iran in the structural and content framework to evaluate the internal scientific status compared to international literature, reveal research gaps, and identify priorities for future study. For this purpose, 87 internal articles were identified by systematic review and categorized by content analysis and MAXQDA software. To compare internal studies with global knowledge, 154 international articles were analyzed using the word co-occurrence technique in VOSviewer software. The results show that internal studies lack an interdisciplinary approach. Thematic classification of the studies shows that researchers pay more attention to the description of the reproduced space at the level of objectivity, the dominance of the result-oriented attitude, and less attention to the causal-explanatory level. Evaluating the studies' methodologies reveals positivist dominance in the internal literature. Similar to internal knowledge, international studies emphasize the consequence-oriented approach and, unlike internal studies, focus more on the qualitative approach and subjective perception of stakeholders. Future research requires expanding the geographical scope and paying attention to the scale of the city and suburbs, producing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach, focusing more on qualitative and mixed methods, explaining causal forces by considering all stakeholders, and indepth and multi-level studies. The research outputs can be helpful for researchers and policymakers because they present the current state of knowledge and propose research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research content analysis of the fist secondary school text books( thinking and lifestyle) in regard to self- care. The current research is a quantitative content analysis. In this research, the research community, the content of the thinking and lifestyle textbooks of the first secondary school (7th, 8th) academic year of 1402-1401 were selected. The statistical sample of the research included the seventh and eighth grade thinking and lifestyle textbooks (common for boys and girls) and the method of sampling was also targeted. Content analysis techniques (checklist) were used to collect information. The initial form of this checklist is prepared from the literature and theoretical foundations of the research. In order to check the validity of its content, the prepared checklist was given to the tutors and advisors as well as five experts in this field for modification and after applying their opinions, the content analysis checklist was finalized. The unit of analysis and review in this research was all the components of the book "Thinking and Lifestyle" of the first secondary school (content, pictures, activities, questions) and the unit of registration was a theme. In this research, the Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data. In this order, the data were normalized and the importance coefficient, information load and standard deviation of each component were calculated. The findings of the research showed that the seventh and eighth grade thinking and lifestyle books paid little attention to self-care. Among the studied components, the most frequency is related to the physical component (observing proper clothing and according to the seasons), emotional (being kind to yourself and others), psychological (feeling of sufficient self-confidence). The lowest frequency is related to the components of spiritual self-care, and most of their sub-components (such as reciting and listening to the verses of the Qur'an and participating in religious ceremonies and rituals, doing good deeds, helping the needy, giving thanks for God's blessings) have not been paid attention to. Self-care skills can be realized by including the components of self-care in educational books and taking a balanced look at it in books of the first secondary school, especially books on thinking and lifestyle.

Introduction: The conditions of the COVID-19 disease epidemic have had an undeniable role in the education of students, especially health students, including nurses, and it can potentially affect the clinical competence of these students as a workforce in the future. Therefore, the current study will be conducted to explain the medical students' experiences of the challenges they have experienced in their clinical education during this period. Method: The present qualitative study was conducted using the contractual content analysis method in 2023 in Saveh Medical Sciences Faculty. 17 students were selected purposefully and, the data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Granheim and Lundman's approach. Results: Interviews with participants were conducted individually with 17 students during 3 months. The average duration of the interview was 30 minutes. The findings included one category (lost learning) and five subcategories (fear preventing learning, limitations of the educational system, confusion in interactions and communication, limited clinical learning, and discouragement towards educational conditions). Conclusion: Considering that it is impossible to teach in the hospital environment without encountering infectious diseases, it is necessary to prevent harm to the learning of students of various fields by formulating rules and guidelines. Also, the use of educational methods such as movies and animations, as well as other methods of virtual education, can help to improve the level of students' learning in cases where they can't be present at the patient's bedside.

The environmental and social effects of the tourism industry have been at the forefront of global issues. Therefore, there is a strong need to ensure the implementation of sustainable practices in the tourism industry, because the destruction of the environment and its social consequences have left destructive effects on tourism destinations. Despite the broad dimensions of these effects, sustainability considerations have been largely conceptual to date and have not translated into widespread industry practice. The purpose of this research is to examine the areas of non- implementation of sustainable development of tourism in Iran, despite the fact that it has been raised in more than two decades. using the interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach and content analysis strategy, the qualitative data collected from in-depth interviews were analyzed with MaxQDA software. The research data was collected from semi-structured interviews with 14 stakeholders of this industry in various government, private and academic sectors familiar with the procedures of sustainable development of tourism in a targeted and snowball method. Findings research data indicates the identification of obstacles to the implementation of sustainable development of tourism in Iran in the form of three main categories. These three categories include government obstacles, socio-cultural obstacles and also obstacles in the supply sector, which were identified and categorized from the 22 primary codes emerging from the text of the conducted interviews. The results were presented in the form of a table and a MaxQDA tree diagram.

Background: Operating room nurses are exposed to disruptive behaviors in different situations in operating room that affect them and their performance.Aim: The present study was performed with aim to explore the experiences of Iranian operating room nurses regarding disruptive behaviors in operating room settings.Method: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in different university hospitals of Tehran. The data were collected by deep semi-structured interviews with 17 operating room nurses who were purposefully selected. Finally, the data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis approach.Results: In this study, four categories were extracted, including "activity in a poisonous atmosphere", "role negligence", "escape to a safety margin for adaptation", and "Indirect confrontation". The theme was "struggle in a limbo atmosphere caused by disruptive behaviors".Implications for Practice: Considering to the effect of disruptive behavior, it seems necessary to take training measures for improving "team-working" in operation room settings. Nursing managers can use the results of this research to determine patient care policies in the operating room in order to promote patient safety and improve the quality of care. It also seems necessary to design and implement a training program to evaluate its effect on changing disruptive behaviors.

Al-Farabi, a prominent Muslim philosopher and thinker of the 4th century Hijri, made significant contributions to the philosophy of art, particularly in the realm of poetry. Al-Farabi's perspective on poetry echoes Aristotle's concept of "Mimesis," which emphasizes the re-creation of observed phenomena rather than mere imitation, resulting in the enjoyment of a new artistic creation. This viewpoint positions literary works as independent phenomena. This article sought to investigate the extent to which Al-Farabi's ideas aligned with formalism, given his influence by Aristotle. Employing a descriptive method and content analysis, the study drew on the insights of Russian Formalists, particularly regarding Mimesis (re-creation), to analyze Al-Farabi's artistic views on poetry. The examination encompassed several works of Al-Farabi, including "An Essay on the Rules of Poetry", "Poetry Collections", "A Treatise on Proportion and Composition", as well as poetic speeches from "Iihsa’ Aleulum", "Ara’ Ahl Almadinat Alfadhila", and "Fusul al-Montazaea". By scrutinizing the perspectives of experts, who considered ancient Greek critics, such as Aristotle, as formalists, alongside the views of Al-Farabi, a prominent figure in Arabic literary criticism, and by delving into Al-Farabi's own works and opinions, it became evident that formalism strongly influenced Al-Farabi's notions regarding the poetry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Empathy is one of the most effective indicators of nursing performance, therefore understanding the concept of empathy in the ICU seems necessary to provide better care in this challenging environment. However, empathy faces barriers in this area. This study was conducted using the content analysis approach with the aim of explaining the factors that inhibit among in intensive care nurses. Materials & Methods: In this qualitative study, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with an average duration of 30- 45 minutes with ICU nurses selected by purposive sampling during the period 2021-2022. The interviewees' statements were analysed after being recorded and converted into text using MAXQDATA 11 software and conventional content analysis methods. Results: The coding process was carried out after removing duplicate codes and merging similar codes as a continuous comparative analysis. Eleven subcategories and three main themes were identified, including "organisational barriers", "individual barriers" and "barriers related to environmental and cultural factors". Finally, the general theme (the main theme) was obtained under the title 'Barriers to empathy in nurses'. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that intensive care nurses face significant barriers to empathy. Given that knowledge of the barriers to empathy and their removal will contribute greatly to improving patient care, it is necessary to identify and remove the existing barriers known to managers and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the documentary and content analysis of the hadith of Salat al-Tasbih or Jafar Tayyar’s prayer, which is one of the most important recommended prayers. The thought of attention only to appearance (Zahergarai) became popular in the second century, and Hadith narrators and texts were judged incorrectly by looking at the appearance of the hadith. the rejection of the Hadith narrators and the text by the Tasbih prayer is one of those cases. First, Ibn Juzi and then his followers made Criticisms to the authenticity of this hadith and listed it among the fake hadiths. Later, Ibn Taymiyyah criticized the text of this hadith with the same approach and considered it as not authentic. This article criticizes and answers these Criticisms in a descriptive-analytical methods using Sunni principles. According to researches, this hadith is authentic in Shia sources, and according to the principles of Sunni, this hadith can be defended and accepted, and Ibn Juzi’s criticisms of the narrators of this hadith are not correct. Ibn Taymiyyah’s criticism of the text of this hadith is also not acceptable and it is rooted in Ibn Taymiyyah’s wrong views towards Shiism. The primary basis for writing the book Minhaj Sunnah also confirms this. In addition, Ibn Taymiyyah’s criticisms conflict with the views of other Sunni Sects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain a coherent understanding of the importance of language, identify and categorize its components in the acquisition of children's theory of mind ability, and also to provide a conceptual model in this regard. Methods: The type of research was descriptive, the method of conducting it was qualitative and based on library citation research that was done using systematic review and meta-study (meta-synthesis) methods. The target population included all the researches and studies available in foreign and domestic databases that were conducted from 1990 to 2021 in the field of the relationship between language and theory of mind. By applying the theoretical and targeted sampling method and selecting a sample of related studies and researches, the required data were collected. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. 123 articles were screened Finally. The data was analyzed by content analysis method. Results: In the open coding stage, 143 component codes were identified. Based on the concept of the identified codes and their classification in a similar component, in the axial coding stage, 5 main components and 2 secondary components were obtained. The findings indicated that the relationship between language and theory of mind can be theoretically explained based on 5 main linguistic components in the order of priority: pragmatics, semantics, syntax, vocabulary and phonology and 2 sub-linguistic components: meta-linguistic and whole. Conclusions: Presenting this conceptual model is a step towards achieving a comprehensive and new explanation of the importance of language in the development of the theory of mind and will lead to increasing and updating existing knowledge and benefiting from it at practical levels, including in research, educational and clinical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book, as the first mass media, is always the focus and emphasis of the people of science and knowledge. Book review examines the contents expressed by the author in the book as closely as possible. The book is five thousand years old. The first books were in the form of clay tablets, but with the passage of time, due to human access to new facilities and the change of human need for communication and information, the form of books evolved. One of the valid definitions given for the book is related to the UNESCO organization: a book is a type of bound printed work that has more than 49 pages and is not published periodically under a fixed title like publications (Encyclopaedia of publishing and books). Many articles, including a review of the book "Basics of Sports Management" by Dr. Mehr Ali Hemti-Najad and Dr. Behnam Asheghi, a review of the book "The Practical Skills of Sports Management" by Dr. Leila Izadprast and Sara Haji Anzhani, and a review of the book "Management Information Systems". In Sports by Mahbobeh Jafarzadeh Zarandi and Mohammad Ebrahim Razaghi are available for book review. Information analysis Qualitative content analysis and multiple readings of the work were also used. The method (critical philosophical exploration) was used to examine the issue. Critical philosophical exploration means the rule of critical philosophical reflection on action (Hagerson) and the search for logical basis, reasoning methods, guiding values, or norms governing educational thoughts and practices. The steps of this method include the methodological and ontological assumptions of traditional traditional research, comparing multiple research centers to pay attention to the subject matter, and to determine the most integrated, and the most sophisticated paradigm. to the position Meanings that can be obtained from inside or outside, of course, this step of educational criticism requires considering criteria for criticism, criteria that can be formulated based on a historical context, various scientific theories, etc. Evaluation also includes commenting on the merit and value of the whole situation or In this article, the stages of critical philosophical exploration were combined with the stages of educational criticism and the general format of criticism including three stages: a: description and description of the book, b: interpretation of the book, c: evaluation and determination of the effectiveness of the book. The purpose of this research is to review the sports marketing management book. Due to the fact that this book has not been reviewed so far and also the importance of this book as an academic resource for students, it was decided to select this book for review. There is good quality printing and binding. The advantages of the content included having the appropriateness of the content with the objectives of the intended lesson, covering many approved topics, matching the book with the academic level of the students, the appropriate use of various scientific tools and responding to the scientific and practical needs of the society. Among the shortcomings and disadvantages of the book under review, it can be noted that some words are not written in the same hand, typographical errors. And he pointed out the inappropriateness of the image of the cover with the title. Also, some concepts are not well explained and detailed explanations are not provided by the authors. In general, it can be said that the work under review is one of the best translated books in the field of sports marketing management. As the most important educational material, the textbook occupies a large part of the teaching time and is the main focus of teaching and learning activities in the educational process. The appropriate quality of this educational media can play an effective role in the learning of students and the realization of educational goals. One of the textbooks related to the field of sports science and the field of sports management and the trend of sports marketing, with the title (Sports Marketing Management) is written in 19 chapters. It is by Sara Keshgar and his colleagues, which was published and launched in 2011 by Alam Vahrakat Publications. In general, the book (Sports Marketing Management) is one of the best books in the field of marketing, based on this, we will evaluate the book descriptively and analytically in three dimensions. We have addressed formal, content and structural aspects, so that by pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of the mentioned book, we can help its authors in editing the reprint of the book, and other writers interested in this field can get ideas from this research. Examining formal, structural aspects and the content of the work according to the criteria of interpretation of educational books is stated as follows: From the formal aspect, according to the reviews carried out according to the standard criteria, the present book is in a favorable condition. In the comparison that was made between the sports marketing management book and other books in this field, in terms of form, structure and content, it was lacking in some cases and overall it had advantages over the compared books. Existing and similar books, external dimensions such as binding, binding had the necessary capabilities like other compared books. But in terms of matching the title of the book with the picture on the cover, unfortunately, there is no good match and the picture on the cover is centered on athletics, which has nothing to do with the subject of the book. The book has a more fluent text and in terms of other content dimensions, such as the comprehensiveness of the content, the appropriateness of the volume of the chapters, the matching of the title of the chapters and the content in each chapter, the matching of the images with the content and other content dimensions, it has a favorable condition. Structurally, compared to the management book Compared to other books, sports marketing has a unique structure, in which all these structural features can be seen in very few books, because by using questions, activities, and personality self-assessment tests, and management self-tests, the reader is guided step by step. It helps in learning new concepts. But not having a dictionary is considered a weakness for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the content of the basic technical knowledge textbooks of horticulture, agricultural and livestock affairs of the second cycle secondary school from the perspective of smart climate agriculture. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it was a descriptive study of content analysis type. To analyze the content and determine the active and inactive categories, the William Rumi technique was used, and the results and data were processed using Shannon's entropy method. The research population consisted of the content of the second cycle secondary school basic technical knowledge textbooks of horticulture, livestock and agricultural affairs published in 1401 academic year. All texts, questions and pictures of the textbooks were checked by census. The data collection tool was a note-taking form and a content analysis checklist based on William Rumi and Shannon's entropy tables. Findings showed that the coefficient of students' engagement with the text of books of basic technical knowledge of horticultural, livestock and agricultural affairs were 0.3, 0.7, and 0.3, respectively. The coefficient of students' engagement with the pictures and questions of the mentioned textbooks were also 0.3, 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. Therefore, according to William Rumi, in terms of the text, pictures and questions of the textbooks, only the textbook of basic technical knowledge of livestock affairs is active. Finally, the results showed that in the text, pictures and questions of the textbooks under study, the information load and the importance coefficient of inactive categories are more than active ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resource motivation, along with knowledge and attitude, is one of the vital components for understanding behaviors. This understanding of the human resource motivation process requires a systematic approach. In this regard, Vroom's expectancy theory is an almost complete theory related to human resource motivation. The present study was conducted using qualitative research and thematic analysis methods of semi-structured interviews to identify the implications and antecedents of human resource motivation in the insurance industry using Vroom's expectancy theory. The statistical population of the study included 14 managers from the insurance industry. They were selected by non-probabilistic and snowball sampling methods. The analysis of the extracted data was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. Accordingly, 82 indicators in the form of 12 subcategories were identified. One of them is extrinsic motivation factors, including 4 dimensions of working conditions, sense of job security, opportunities for job progress and promotion, financial rewards, and financial and non-financial rewards given to human resources. Another component is intrinsic motivation factors, including 3 dimensions of diversity and challenges related to job skills and duties, positive feedback from managers and colleagues, and appreciation or punishment to motivate human resources. Interactive justice refers to justice in the relationship between human resources and the organization. Procedural justice is related to justice in the implementation of processes and organizational policies. Distributive justice is related to justice in the distribution of resources and rewards in the organization. Eleven primary categories include human resource motivation, innovation, performance in performing tasks, organizational silence, love of work, gender beliefs about the role in the organization, job burnout, perceived organizational support, attitude towards teamwork, organizational justice, and organizational supervision. Thus, by implementing the strategies presented in the research model, it is expected that the insurance industry will achieve a significant achievement in the field of human resource motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new findings of corpus linguistics clearly attest to the uniqueness of some elements of the spoken grammar of English and their distinction from those of the written variety. Mixing the two or adopting a hegemonic perspective to the written variety in language education, especially in the field of materials development, is likely to yield an imbalanced or even distorted view of the entirety of the language being learned so that it could color the subsequent teaching and assessment. With this in mind, this investigation has adopted a content analytic procedure and applied the models proposed by Cullen and Kuo’s (2007) to the dialogs and Timmis’s (2005) to the tasks of the English school textbooks in Iran, namely the Prospect and Vision series to reveal to what extent, if any, the series have availed themselves of the properties of the spoken grammar in their student books,workbooks and teacher guides. The findings revealed that the majority of the characteristics of the spoken grammar, as used in the textbooks, belong to the fixed lexicogrammatical elements of Category II of Cullen and Kuo’s framework, and that the instances of Category I, that is, those forms which undergo change as a function of the context in which they occur, are relatively uncommon. Additionally, the realizations of Category III, that is, those structures which are deemed ungrammatical via adoption of a prescriptive outlook but are still commonly found in the spoken English, were non-existent in the series. The analysis of the tasks based on Timmis’ (2005) also revealed that only some “global understanding” and very few instances of “language discussion task” were present and focused on in the materials investigated, leaving the two other principles unattended. Suggestions are ultimately made as to how to redress the imbalance found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the consequences of knowledge hiding and develop a structural model and the causal relationships between them using a mixed method. Research methodology is pragmatic paradigm in terms of research philosophy with integrated approach, the first phase is qualitative and the second phase is quantitative, it is also survey in terms of research strategy. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes 34 articles out of 45 related to the period 2000 to 2023 and related to the consequences of knowledge hiding. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population included 10 experts in the field of knowledge management. In the first phase, data was obtained from the content analysis of articles related to knowledge hiding, in which 16 consequences of knowledge hiding were identified. In the second step, fuzzy Delphi was adopted in order to select the most important ones and finally 8 factors were identified. In the next step, the structural model of these factors was developed using the interpretive structural modeling method. By using Micmac analysis, the factors were classified based on driving and dependence power. At the end, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was adopted in order to analyze the causal relationships between the factors. The results showed that lack of empowerment is the most important consequence of knowledge hiding, and lack of creativity and innovation, low quality of decision-making, lack of organizational commitment, job dissatisfaction, lack of organizational development, poor performance and turnover intentions are other consequences of knowledge hiding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the Complications of using weapons by using content analysis method and hierarchical approach of best - worst in Khuzestan province. The present study is mixed in terms of applied-exploratory purpose and in terms of the nature of the research type. This study is also descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study was a group of professors with expertise in the field of research at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method. In the qualitative part to collect data from the semistructured interview method and in the quantitative part; A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Qualitative phase data of the research were analyzed using content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using bestworst method. SPSS and Lingo software were used for data analysis. The findings of the study included identifying and investigating seven main complications for the use of weapons. The findings also showed that in terms of relative importance, the social effects of the use of weapons have the highest relative importance (weighing 0.21) and environmental effects have the least relative importance (weighing 0.085). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]