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Background & Aims: Citizenship competencies are one of the most important necessities in today's complex society. An effective and efficient education system is a system that is in line with the real goals and needs of society and has the ability to prepare the young generation and develop skills, including citizenship skills, to achieve the desired goals. Citizenship competencies are one of the most important necessities in today's complex society. Citizenship merit refers to knowing how to interact with each other in a democratic society. The Citizenship Competency Program seeks to develop cognitive, communicative, and emotional competencies along with the acquisition of knowledge about government and society. It has to do more with norms and mechanisms for living together. To this end, civic education should be based on activities, not just ideas. The development of citizenship competencies is considered as an educational goal and a good citizen is a person who has characteristics such as; (a) having the ability to evaluate and critique different perspectives, (b) thinking about issues such as justice and equality, (c) participating and (d) accept social responsibility. Universities, as educational and service-oriented organizations, are no exception to this rule of influencing students. In other words, achieving purely educational goals depends on the optimal use of human, financial, and equipment resources, but the dynamism of the university system depends on various factors, including having qualified employees, having a high professional commitment, and a committed heart. It is up to them to take steps in a dynamic and healthy environment by using all their power for the greater and better efficiency of this scientific and cultural organization. Therefore, the professional competence and commitment of all university staff and professors due to their important role in advancing the educational situation of the university is very important and will prepare the ground for performance improvement and productivity. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question of what is the role of professors 'professional abilities on students' self-efficacy and competence? Methods: In terms of purpose, this research is an applied research that was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, with the ethics code IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1400.093. The combined research method and research design are also of the type of mixed exploratory research design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes (faculty and guest professors and managers of the department of Mazandaran University) to agree on the Delphi method. Also, the statistical population in a small part includes faculty members, visiting professors and teaching staff, and administrative staff of Mazandaran University in 1400 to 1487 people, who were selected by available sampling method. Sample size and sampling method in the qualitative section, according to the research method used in this study, the number of specific samples was not specified at first and sampling was available until 20 after the Theoretical saturation interview was obtained. The statistical sample size in the quantitative part was determined using Cochran's formula of 153 people. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, the Delphi technique and in the quantitative part of the structural equation modeling method, SPSS, and LISREL software were used. Results: Based on the results of the structural model, the variable of teachers' professional abilities on self-efficacy is significant. Considering the significance and positiveness of these coefficients, it can be said that the professional abilities of teachers have a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy. Also, the effect of teachers' professional competencies on citizenship competence has been shown by estimating the standard coefficients of paths (value t) along with the factor load of each variable, and as it is known, all factor loads are in good condition and the capability they measure dimensions. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the professional abilities of teachers have a significant effect on self-efficacy and citizenship competence. The university is an effective channel for transmitting a set of specific social knowledge, skills, values, and beliefs. The university should provide opportunities for learners to test different values and beliefs from different perspectives, to enable citizens to be aware of and respect their role, and to take an active part in the national interest. To be. Citizenship is not something that happens after graduating from university, but is learned and practiced in daily behaviors and interactions, and is the best place to practice citizenship, university, and school. In other words, the main responsibility for fostering, strengthening, and developing the values and skills of citizenship falls on these two places, which must be practiced and in the course of students' relations with each other and with other individuals and groups. Make them active and responsible citizens. What can justify the main mission and philosophy of the formation and development of universities in the current era is citizenship education and the development of citizenship skills. In order for universities to be able to develop citizenship competencies as one of the basic goals of the educational institution in students, they must be effective, because the most important factor that can indicate the achievement of goals is the effectiveness of the university. Among the various pillars of educational institutions, professors as the main pillar of education in universities have a decisive role in the effectiveness of the university and the development of students' competencies. Therefore, professors 'views on the effectiveness of the university as well as the extent to which students have citizenship competencies can help explain the role of the university and their effectiveness in developing students' competencies, especially citizenship competencies and self-efficacy. Numerous factors, such as parents, friends, the media, society and education, and higher education institutions, play a role in learning and developing citizenship skills. The family can be mentioned as an important resource for learning citizenship skills. But the school and the university play a major role in learning students' citizenship competencies. The university influences students' citizenship competencies through the subjects of the curriculum for citizenship education, the methods used to teach the topics, and the methods, rules, and regulations used throughout the university. Because the effectiveness of professors is focused on the achievement of educational goals and objectives, the development of citizenship competencies as one of the goals of the educational institution is better achieved in effective universities. Teachers' effectiveness indicates performance and progress in achieving educational goals. In general, it can be acknowledged that students should have the necessary abilities and skills such as competence and self-efficacy in today's society, which in order to improve their abilities, the professional capabilities of professors play a role and universities and higher education institutions not only for training Expert human beings, but also for expanding the frontiers of knowledge and from the perspectives of personal, national and international development, and the professional capabilities of professors play an important role in the development of educational goals. One of the limitations of the present study was the difficulty of coordinating and communicating with the participants in the qualitative part, which was time-consuming. Considering the effect of professors' professional abilities on students' self-efficacy and competence, it is suggested that in-service training be held in the form of various workshops in order to train professors' professional abilities. Managers, assistants should be fully informed about the impact of the effect of teachers 'professional abilities on students' self-efficacy and competence, and most of them should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Rapid change, serious competition, and the need to increase productivity have made organizations need employees to go beyond their job responsibilities, which is called "Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)". One of the effective factors in the development of these behaviors is individual factors. The present study was conducted to identify these factors in the headquarters of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Materials and Methods This research has an applied approach that was conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, 13 experts and specialists were selected by a completely purposeful method and thus the statistical population of the study was formed. MAXQDA- 2020 software was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative part of the statistical population of the study, the staff of the central headquarters of IBTO consisted of 210 people who were sampled by simple random sampling method. Results Regarding individual factors, the results showed that the personality (factor loading 0.94), job satisfaction (0.93), work conscience (0.87), organizational commitment (0.84), motivation (0.77), and communication skills (0.71) were effective in developing organizational citizenship behavior. The results of the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis of the individual factors model indicate the appropriateness of the measurement model of the relevant variables. Conclusions It is suggested that in order to develop OCB, managers of IBTO should pay attention to the factors identified in the research and hold training courses focusing on recognizing the status and importance of these behaviors to achieve the goals of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The use of collaborative approaches in the level of community to promote environmental health is a fundamental method for solving environmental issuses in metropolises. Ecological citizenship as a new approach to citizen participation in the urban environment plays an critical role in achieving urban environmental health at metropolitan neighborhoods. The main objective of this study is to explain the ecological citizenship approach in promoting the urban environmental health indicators at the local community level in Tehran metropolitan area Methods: Required data were collected in a survey area at the level of 26 neighborhoods in a metropolitan area of Tehran. A sample of 383 questionnaires was determined through the Cochran formula and distributed in a quotient manner to the population over 18 years of age in each neighborhood. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using correlation and regression tests. Results: The results of the study indicate that the neighborhoods of area 1 have a relatively good status in terms of ecological citizenship and urban environmental health promotion. Also, the results indicate that the indicators of the two variables have a positive correlation. Finally, the regression model shows that the variables of ecological citizenship explain the environmental health promotion variable. Ecological partnership with 0.616, ecological belief with 0.303 and ecological awareness with 0.133 have the highest amount in explanation of urban environmental health promotion variable, which indicates that in order to promote environmental health of urban neighborhoods, this index Special attention should be paid. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that in order to promote the environmental health of urban areas, special attention should be paid to these indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Organizational citizenship behavior is considered as a worker's attitude and passion as a driver for work in service organizations. One of the factors affecting the creation and promotion of transcendental behaviors, such as organizational citizenship behavior and job Engagement for service organizations, are ethical leadership styles in the organizations that pay attention to structure and staff in terms of their capability. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Authentic leadership, psychological empowerment and positive behaviors (organizational citizenship behavior and career aspirations) in the emergency department staff of Rasht city health centers. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive - survey study. The statistical population of the research is the employees of the emergency department of Rasht educational centers, consisting of 408 people. They were selected by cluster random sampling of 198 people based on Cochran formula. Data gathering tool was the standard questionnaire of Authentic Leadership of Valumva (2008), Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Poodsakof (2000), Baker's Job Exercise (2009) and Psychological Empowerment of Conger and Kanungo (1998). Data were collected using Structural Equation Analysis (SEM) and analyzed by LISREL 8.50 software. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Authentic leadership, psychological empowerment, organizational citizenship behavior and job Engagement. A correlation was also found between Authentic leadership and psychological empowerment (0.41), psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior (0.85), psychological empowerment and job Engagement(0.53). Conclusion: Given the relationship between authentic leadership, psychological empowerment, organizational citizenship behavior and job Engagement, and considering the positive role of reversible behaviors in the emergency department of Rasht city health centers, it seems advisable to promote the Authentic leadership perspectives that are subcategories of Ethical leadership and are of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying, measuring and improving life quality have been among important objectives of researchers, planners and governments in recent decades. This scientific and research arena has attracted the attentions of many scientific fields such as sociology, psychology, economics, environmental sciences, geography, medical sciences and The present study is an applied one and it employs a "descriptive-analytical" method. The population of the research is all citizens of Yasuj. The sample was evaluated using Cochrane formula based on proportional stratified random sampling for each four districts of Yasuj. The results indicate that in terms of dimension of environmental and mental health, District 2 has the highest score and District 4 and 3 has the least scores respectively. In terms of social dimension, District 1 occupies the first rank and District 2 the last rank. Regarding health dimension, Districts 2 and 4 with similar scores occupy the first rank and District 3 is in the last rank. Regarding transportation dimension, District 4 is in the first rank and District 1 in the last one. In addition, investigations indicate that the observed correlation between public transportation dimension and environmental and mental health is not significant. The observed correlation between other dimensions of Quality if Life Index is direct and significant. Regarding the total Quality of Life Index, the mean of the satisfaction of people of these four districts indicates that District 2 with score 3.98, District 1 with score 3.71, District 4 with score 3.25 and District 3 with score 3.24 occupy ranks 1 to 4 respectively. The investigated five dimensions in four districts of Yasuj city (Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4) totally are capable of explicating 1.1, 21.9, 20.3 and 16 percent of variations (variance) of satisfaction index of quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]