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Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the cases of complaints of medical malpractice in gastroenterology referred to Fars Forensic Medicine from 2005 to 2020. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive and retrospective study, the cases of adult gastroenterology medical malpractice cases referred to the specialized commissions of Forensic Medicine in Fars province from 2005 to 2020 were examined. The data were expressed in the form of descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency between groups. Results: The frequency of claims against the field of gastroenterology had increased more than 6 times in the second five-years of review. In terms of the health status of the plaintiffs, 56 patients (64.36%) died, 4 patients (4.59%) were disabled, 10 patients (11.49%) were recovering, and 8 patients (10. 30%) were improved. Conclusion: This study showed that during the studied years, the frequency of complaints from the specialized field of adult gastroenterology has gradually increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Medical malpractice as professional negligence may cause injury or death of the patient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cases of complaints against radiology specialists and medical staff referred to Fars Province General Administration of Forensic Medicine. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, all cases of medical malpractice complaints in the specialized field of radiology from 2001 to 2020 referred to Fars Province General Administration of Forensic Medicine were investigated. Descriptive statistics were used to report the findings. Results: In the present study, there were 64 complaints. According to the results of the commission, 38 cases (59.37%) were acquitted, and 22 cases (34.37%) were convicted. In terms of type of malpractice, 10 cases (15.62%) were non-observance of government rules followed by compound malpractice occurred in 9 cases (14.06%). Conclusion: In the present study, the most frequent types of malpractice were failure to comply with government systems and compound malpractice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, despite the efforts of the medical community and health staff, the rate of dissatisfaction and complaints among patients is increasing and this highlights the importance of evaluating its related factors. The aim of this study was to analytically investigate complaints against ophthalmologists which were referred to the Legal Medicine Organization of Iran in Tehran during 2017-2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional (analytical-descriptive) study, the demographic data of patients and physicians including age, gender, marital status and academic degree, type of treatment measures leading to complaints, last decision of the medical commission, characteristics of protesting of patients and vote of revision commissions for all the complaints of ophthalmology were recorded and analyzed. Results: During 3 years, 176 complaints were recorded in the field of ophthalmology. Of these, 90(51.1%) complaints were from medical interventions which took place in university or government hospitals and clinics. Also, 27(15.3%) cases of malpractice were reported, among which negligent was the most common type, with 22 cases (81.5%). The highest number of complaints was for cataract surgery and the most frequent treatments with malpractice of the physicians were cornea transplantation. Although the most protests to the first decision were from the patients, the effectiveness of physicians’ protest was significantly higher (P<0.001). Conclusion: Nowadays, with advances in treatment methods and technologies in ophthalmology and enhancement in the knowledge of patients about their rights, their expectations from medical staff have changed. The findings of the present study suggest that due to the rise in the number of complaints in ophthalmological treatment while a decrease in malpractice rate, applying intervention actions such as good communication between physicians and patients and patient’s right perception of treatment and possible side effects can lead to less number of complaints. In addition, due to different opinions in consecutive commissions, utilizing a single approach based on new information and evidence seems necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical malpractice is a serious problem in the health care system. This study aimed to review the medical negligence in Iran. Methods: Based on the PRISMA checklist, a search for scientific records was done separately by two researchers. All the articles that had selection criteria were evaluated in terms of methodological quality. Medical malpractice was assessed in four main divisions including negligence, Lack of skill, Carelessness and non-compliance with government regulations). The bias test was performed using the Egger’s test. Revman software was used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, 25 studies that examined the country's medical malpractice from April 1994 to March 2018 were included in the meta-analysis. Negligence has been implicated in 1,105 cases of the 2,068 claims. Lack of skill in 255 out of 2068 cases, 432 cases of carelessness and 244 cases of non-compliance with government regulations Were recorded the results of the meta-analysis showed that OR negligence was 0.76 (CI 95%: 0.66-0.87), lack of skill was 0.61 (CI 95%: 0.49-0.76), carelessness was 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.50-0.76) and non-compliance with government regulations was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.60-0.73). In the review of the confirmed negligence ratio of the registered complaint files, only 19 studies mentioned this ratio. The results of the meta-analysis of these 19 studies showed that the OR ratio of the confirmed negligence of complaints was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.41-0.86). From all claims, General surgeons had OR of confirmed medical malpractices, equal to 0.47 (CI 95%: 0.37- 0.60), gynecologists with OR equal to 0.49 (CI 95%: 0.36-0.66), general practitioners with OR equal to 0.43 (CI 95%: 0.30-0.63) and orthopedic specialists with an OR of 0.44 (CI 95%: 0.32-0.61). Conclusion: The results of this study help to understand the current position of medical negligence studies in the country to identify the cause of the malpractice and develop new studies for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medical malpractice is an act committed by a medical or healthcare professional who deviates from the standards in his or her profession and causes harm to the patient. Meanwhile, medical malpractice in the field of obstetrics and gynecology includes a wide range of complaints against physicians, and prevention of this type of malpractice requires an understanding of its epidemiology. In this study, medical errors in gynecology and obstetrics departments of Jahrom city were investigated. Method: A cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted to investigate medical errors related to referral cases to Jahrom Forensic Medicine Organization in the gynecology and obstetrics departments between 2002 and 2018. The method of data collection was based on the questionnaire and the use of the information in the files in the medical commission of the General Directorate of Forensic Medicine of Jahrom city. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Sixteen complaints have been lodged against Obstetrician and gynecologist specialists in the evaluated period; Of the 14 cases (82.35%) related to childbirth, 1 case (5.88%) was related to genital infection and 1 case (5.88%) was related to breast tumor. The average age of the plaintiffs was 29.81. The youngest complainant was 24 years old and the oldest was 45 years old. Votes issued for 9 cases (52.94%) of complaints leading to failure to prove negligence, 3 cases (17.64%) indicating negligence of obstetrician and gynecologist, 2 cases (11.76%) of the ban on prosecution due to the time, 1 case (5.88%) resulted in a written cautation to gynecologist and 1 case (5.88%) resulted in the plaintiff's consent to the obstetrician. There were three cases of negligence, one involving the placement of surgical instruments during a cesarean section, one involving the death of a baby during childbirth, and one involving the absence of a diagnosis of a breast tumor. Conclusion: Most of the medical malpractice charges in cases against obstetricians and gynecologists are related to labor management. This demonstrates the need to provide courses based on complex cases leading to complaints for the obstetrics and gynecology department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Patients' complaints against doctors and medical malpractice is one of the most serious and challenging issues in the medical profession. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of sufficient information about skin and beauty complaints in the medical system. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify skin and beauty complaints referred to the Tehran Medical System Organization. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, all cases of complaints of medical malpractice in the field of dermatology in the medical system of Tehran province from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed and after collecting information, the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Statistics 25). Results: Of the total cases, 1.6% were related to skin and beauty. Most of the plaintiffs were female (79.8%) and single (59.6%). The attending physicians were mostly male (79.8%) and general practitioner (48.1%). The most common type was private medical center (95.2%). The most common complaints were treatment complications (36.7%), most of which were related to the side effects of Botox or fat injections (15.4%) and then laser complications (12.5%). The most common type of negligence was carelessness (30%) and 20.7% of cases were declared negligent. The highest percentage of verdicts was written reprimand and inclusion in the file (42.3%). Conclusion: Physicians should avoid engaging in unrelated disciplines and unscientific practices. Reducing financial relationships and emphasizing the physician's proper interaction with the patient and adhering to a professional commitment are helpful in preventing complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the considerable advances in medical diagnosis and treatment, treatment staff errors show an increasing trend, which can lead to decline in people’s trust and rise in stress and anxiety among patients. The present study was performed with the aim of assessing the causes of diagnostic errors leading to complaints from emergency medicine specialists from 2012 to 2017. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 100 files that were referred to the forensic medicine unit were evaluated. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made checklist, using which the demographic data of the patients and the type of error were extracted from the patients’ profiles. Data were coded and entered to SPSS software, version 20, after gathering and then reported using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, the medical profiles of 100 patients who had filed complaints due to medical errors, in which a medical error was confirmed, were evaluated. In terms of sex distribution, 67% of the patients were male and 50% of the individuals were in the 30 – 59 years age range. 32% of the errors were due to the physician not ordering laboratory tests, 37% were due to errors in examination, and 31 were due to errors in interpretation of the test results. In the level of diagnostic error and ordering diagnostic tests, the most important cause of error was that the physician did not believe testing was necessary for diagnosis. In the stage of examination and history taking also incomplete physical examination by the physician was the most important cause of error. Among the most important factors affecting medical error incidence in the studied files, judgment with 58%, changing shifts without providing information about the patients with 45%, workload with 38%, and the patient not cooperating with 29% were the most important cognitive, communicative, systemic, and patient-related factors, respectively. Conclusion: Error in judgment regarding need for ordering diagnostic tests or further imaging, error in shift handover and not providing information regarding the patients for the next shift, overcrowding and heavy workload in the emergency department, and patients not cooperating were among the most important underlying factors in incidence of errors in the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This research was carried out to investigate the obstetrics, gynecology and midwifery malpractices reported to Ahvaz forensic center and medical council in order to reduce such incidences. Materials and methods: This study was performed on patients' claims against obstetrics, gynecology and midwifery staff in Ahvaz hospitals, clinics, and health centers, 2006-2012. Results: The results revealed that most claims were due to gynecologists' negligence, and the majority of malpractices occurred during night shifts. Conclusion: According to the findings, increasing the number of gynecologists and reducing the shift lengths along with more training on enhancing the awareness regarding official rules can reduce the incidence of malpractices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medical complaints are always the most challenging items in the scope of practice and have great difficulties for both the physician and the patient. Due to the need for comprehensive data for health planning of Guilan province And the importance of this research as factors in occupational safety and health practitioners, patients, re search in this area is necessary. Objective: Determining factors in a complaint to the Medical Council of Doctors in Gilan Province in the years 2005 to 2010 Materials an d Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 425 case s related to medical malpractice law suits stemming from the Medical Council of Guilan during the years 1385 to 1390 was carried out. Thus the plaintiffs checklist includes information such as age, sex, date of complaint, the complaint doctors information such as gender, field of practice, location of practice, Work Experience and the first instance and appeal preparation was completed. The data were entered into a statistical software SPSS18 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Dentists had the most claims, followed by orthopedic surgeons, General Practitioners, General Surgeons and Gynecologists. Physicians were found innocent and guilty in 354 cases (83.3%) and 67 cases (15.7%) of cases, respectively. Al so, patients quit their claims in 4 case s. The most common cause s of complaints mentioned by patients, were medical error, complications of treatments and then, financial is sue s. Most cause s of proposing a claim were malpractice, treatment complications and financial is sue s. Conclusion: The data showed that most of the claims recorded were unfounded and consequently, respective physicians were not guilty. Therefore, knowledge of the patient' s physician, the patient is familiar with the methods of treatment and possible side effects and reduce the financial relationship between the physician and patient compliance in many case s can be prevented by a patient complaint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complaints from medical doctors have created problems for both physicians and patients. As a result, patients find it hard to trust their physicians and doctors feel more stressed. The purpose of this search was to evaluate all complaints in all specialized fields and to identify the subjects at risk. It also tried to assess the effects of characteristics of plaintiffs (patients) and defendants (physicians) on the final verdict. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all records of the malpractice complaints in different specialized fields adjudicated in Isfahan Department of Legal Medicine, during 2009-2010. Demographic characteristics of physicians and patients, the place at which the physician worked, type of medical negligence, conviction rate, and complaint outcome were evaluated. Findings: In the 123 studied cases, the mean age of patients was 37.8 ± 7.8. Moreover, 64.5% were men and 53% had a high school diploma or a higher educational level. The mean age of physicians was 43.29 ± 9.64. In addition, 81% were men, 45.9% were highly experienced and 65.3% were specialists (surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, and anesthesia). Most complaints were from non-academic governmental centers. While 50.8% of physicians were charged with an average of 35.2 ± 34.1 percent error, the most common error type was imprudence. The final verdict was associated with education and gender of the patient. The percent error was associated with type of disease, education and gender of the patient, and the final injury and disease status. Conclusion: Patients may complain from physicians due to increased awareness and expectations. Specialists, particularly surgeons, are more at risk. Although many complaints of severe injuries, such as death, have been made, the percentage of failure has been determined to be higher in minor injuries or financial losses. Therefore, considering the high rate of fault in judgment commissions, more teaching and counseling centers are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]