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Introduction: weather conditions of each region play an important role in the dispersion of diseases; leishmaniosis dispersion is also affected by climatic elements. This disease in Iran also creates important health issues in some geographic areas of the country. Therefore, in this study, we make a comparison review of the effects and changes in temperature, precipitation and relative humidity, on the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniosis in two Gilane- Gharb and Kermanshah counties in Kermanshah province. Method: This research is an applied one. Meteorological data related to temperature, precipitation and relative humidity variables have been collected from the Weather Administration of the province. Also, the data on the leishmaniosis disease during the statistical period of 2006-2016, were provided from Kermanshah Health Center. All statistical calculations were done using SPSS software, and the ARC GIS software being used to indicate infected areas. Research aim: The main purpose of this research is the Spatial-temporal analysis of cutaneous leishmaniosis in Kermanshah province; while, its sub-aims are to identify the main centers and the time course of the disease, and reviewing the relationship between climatic elements and of ' distribution in Kermanshah province. Results: findings of this study showed that temperature, precipitation and relative humidity affects differently on the incidence of leishmaniosis disease in Gilan-e-Gharb and Kermanshah counties. In a way that in the city of Gilan-e-Gharb, temperature, precipitation and relative humidity affects the incidence of the factors of this disease. Such that there is a significant negative correlation between mean of minimum temperature and the incidence of disease with correlation coefficient (r = 0.246) at 99% level. But in Kermanshah, they have no effect on the disease appearance. Also, in case of the disease incidence process, it showed that these two cities are different in terms of the incidence of disease. Gilan-e-Gharb is a region wherein, the sandflies of the disease lives locally, while in Kermanshah it is not able to transmit the disease. resultantly, Climate changes and different seasons, affect on the growth and distribution of adult mosquitoes. This is why the of human infection pattern in the two cities of Gilan-e-Gharb and Kermanshah are different climatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, identifying the causes of the disease and recognizing its focal role is one of the factors for the control and reduction of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between heavy metal in water and cancer in rural villages of Isfahan province. The statistical population of this research consists of two parts of human society and environmental data. The human population of research has two parts, the first part is related to medical documents and records in the health centers and health houses of the villages of west of Isfahan province, and the second part includes the rural communities of west of Isfahan province. Also, environmental data were heavy metals available in water and soil. The analysis of these data was done using statistical methods and the frequency of mean, percent, nominal and rank correlation, and for the analysis of water and soil, an atomic absorption device was used. For fitting these models, ARC GIS, SPSS software was used. This research was an applied one in terms of purpose and had a descriptive-analytical methodology. Documents, reports and field studies were used for data collection. The results of this study showed that the highest amount of heavy metals including manganese, copper, lead, chromium and nickel were found in rural soils that are more frequent with blood pressure and cancer. Also, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between heavy elements in water and a combination of non-contagious diseases such as blood pressure and diabetes, and cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

مقدمه: آب و هوا شناسی کاربردی، به ویژه در سال‌های اخیر، داشته‌های اقلیمی را در اجرای هدف‌های علمی، اقتصادی و صنعتی بسیار به کار می‌گیرد. تأثیرهای اقلیمی محیط در زمینه‌ی پزشکی نیز بسیار اهمیت دارد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر شناخت ارتباط بین عناصر اقلیمی دما، بارش و ارتفاع با بیماری‌های شایع در سطح شهرستان‌های استان اصفهان بود. روش‌ها: داده‌های آماری از میانگین 5 ساله‌ی (86-1381) تعداد فوت شدگان ناشی از بیماری‌ها در شهرستان‌های مختلف استان اصفهان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و سعی شد تا بین تعداد فوت شدگان و عناصر اقلیمی دما، بارش و ارتفاع رابطه‌ی علمی برقرار گردد. داده‌ها با استفاده از معادلات رگرسیون تحلیل گردید و با کمک نرم‌افزار ARCGIS نقشه‌های مربوط به پراکندگی بیماری‌ها و عناصر اقلیمی تهیه شد. یافته‌ها: بین تعداد فوت شدگان در اثر انواع بیماری‌های مطالعه شده و متغیر دما ارتباط مستقیم وجود داشت. در واقع با افزایش دما به تعداد فوت شدگان ناشی از این بیماری‌ها نیز افزوده می‌شود. همچنین بین متغیرهای بارش و ارتفاع با تعداد فوت شدگان در اثر بیماری‌های مطالعه شده ارتباط منفی و یا معکوس مشاهده می‌شود. بدین معنی که در سطح استان اصفهان با افزایش بارش و ارتفاع از تعداد فوت شدگان کاسته شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که در استان اصفهان تعداد فوت شدگان ناشی از بیماری‌های مورد نظر از غرب به شرق استان افزایش می‌یابد.

Background: In any society, children and adolescents are the most important part; so the study of psychological diseases can prevent some of side effects that even can exposure individuals, family and society in difficulties in future. In this level, the weather changes in different regions can make a huge impact on psychological heath level of individuals specially children. Although, geographical and weather changes not only the cause of disease, its side effects can perform different kinds of disease in children. It is obvious that the impact of geography put on individual and society, which directly and indirectly depends on huge growth and society development, get rid of geography power, is possible. Some of these psychological disorders are nail biting, dyslexia, nacturia, depression, and aggressiveness. Methods: This numeric and quantitative study assesed children lived in cold climate regions consist of rurals of Semirom and Freidon shahr and warm climate regions consist of rurals of Naeen and Ardestan in Isfahan province, Iran in 2009. Finding: In all groups of children, 12.85% had psychological and behavioral disorders; 0.02% had nail biting, 2.3% had dyslexia, 1.78% had nacturia, 2.7% had depression, and 7.2% had aggressive behaviors. Nail biting was more in girls than boys. The presence of nacturia in boys was higher P < 0.05). Conclusion: The most prevalent psychological disorder in cold climate was nacturia and in warm climate anxiety and nail biting were the most prevalent disordes.

Background and purpose: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, especially in northern countries, have a high incidence of gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to find the geographic distribution of standardized mortality rates of this disease and to mark differences between the cities on a map. Materials and methods: The data related to the cases of death from gastrointestinal cancer during the years 2001 to 2005 were recorded in the provinces of Golestan and Mazandaran. Generalized Poisson regression model was used for data standardization; then, the mapping was done. Results: 5715 people died from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, 65.18 percent in Mazandaran and 34.82 percent in Golestan. Standardized mortality rates in the central parts of the provinces showed a little less. From the city of Chaloos to the border of the city of Gorgan, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of most of the regions was between 0.9 and 1. From the border of the city of Gorgan to end of eastern geographical boundaries of Golestan Province, the obtained standardized mortality ratio was more than 1. The regression model could partly eliminate heterogeneity of standardized mortality ratio. Conclusion: Changes in mortality rates from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces on the map represent a high-risk area, which remarks the impact of geographical and social-economic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is of prime importance to consider the pattern and geographical changes of a disease, in each community independently, to determine high and low risk areas. Mapping diseases is a set of statistical methods which attempt to provide precise maps by which the geographical distribution of a disease is estimated. In this study, Bayesian methods were applied to estimate the relative death rate of work-related accidents in Iran. Methods: For the purpose of this study, the data of work-related accidents of Iran in 2009 were analyzed. To estimate the parameters of the map, empirical Bayes method (Poisson-Gamma method) was applied using Winbugs 1.4 software. Moreover, the Arc GIs 9.2 software was used to set relative incidence of death and accident related maps. Results: Regarding the estimates achieved by empirical Bayes method and applying Poisson- Gamma for the incidence of work related accidents in 2009, the maximum and minimum prevalence risk rate among men was 2.991 in Markazi province and 0.457 in Khorasan Razavi province, while they were 3.848 in Semnan province and 0.243 in Hormozgan province for women. Conclusion: Overall, the incidence of work-related accidents follows no specific geographical distribution pattern and in most provinces the pattern was different for men and women in Iran. By and large, the incidence of these events in the neighboring provinces of Tehran is more than the other parts of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, applied climatology is using climate data in order to achieve industrial, economic and scientific goals. Climate effects on medical fields are also very important. The purpose of this research was to recognize the relation between some climate elements such as temperature, rain and height with the most prevalent diseases in the Province of Isfahan, Iran. Methods: Statistical data regarding the number of the deceased due to different diseases during 2002- 2007 was collected from the report provided by the Climatology Organization and the Ministry of Health in 2007. The data was analyzed by regression equations. Disease distribution and climate elements maps were prepared by ArcGIS software. Findings: A direct relation was found between number of deaths and temperature. In fact, an increase in temperature would lead to higher death rates caused by different diseases. In addition, negative inverse relations were observed between death rates and rain and height, i.e. fewer people died in higher and rainier parts of the Province of Isfahan. Conclusion: In general, it is indicated that number of deaths increases as we move from west to east throughout the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and it is expected to be the main cause of death by 2020. The aim of this study was providing geographical distribution map of the rate of death caused by cardiovascular diseases in the cities of Isfahan province, Iran, during 2005 to 2009. Methods: The rate of all the deaths in Isfahan province within 2005 to 2009 was provided. The collected data was used to find out the rate of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and preparing geographical distribution maps. Then, by putting down the death rates for different sexes (men and women), the geographical distribution map for deaths with regards to cardiovascular diseases was drawn. Findings: Death rates due to cardiovascular problems were higher in main and central cities of the province. Death rate was higher in men than women. Conclusion: The observed model main and central cities is probably due to unsuitable diet, lack of motion, using new technologies and environmental pollutions including existence of some elements due to environmental pollutants such as industries, transportations of vehicles and air pollution, which are more prevalent in the main cities of the province. Also, due to existence of medical university centers and more health facilities in the main cities of the province, such as Isfahan, Najafabad, Borkhar and Maymeh, the registration system for deaths and diagnosing the causes of deaths are more accurate than other cities and towns of the province. The difference between two sexes could be due to in heritage, male hormones, some social factors, increasing fat around abdomen in men, exciting or even offensive behaviors in men, ignoring weight increase in men as compared to women and smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In any society, children and adolescents are the most important part; so the study of psychological diseases can prevent some of side effects that even can exposure individuals, family and society in difficulties in future. In this level, the weather changes in different regions can make a huge impact on psychological heath level of individuals specially children. Although, geographical and weather changes not only the cause of disease, its side effects can perform different kinds of disease in children. It is obvious that the impact of geography put on individual and society, which directly and indirectly depends on huge growth and society development, get rid of geography power, is possible. Some of these psychological disorders are nail biting, dyslexia, nacturia, depression, and aggressiveness. Methods: This numeric and quantitative study assesed children lived in cold climate regions consist of rurals of Semirom and Freidon shahr and warm climate regions consist of rurals of Naeen and Ardestan in Isfahan province, Iran in 2009. Finding: In all groups of children, 12.85% had psychological and behavioral disorders; 0.02% had nail biting, 2.3% had dyslexia, 1.78% had nacturia, 2.7% had depression, and 7.2% had aggressive behaviors. Nail biting was more in girls than boys. The presence of nacturia in boys was higher P < 0.05). Conclusion: The most prevalent psychological disorder in cold climate was nacturia and in warm climate anxiety and nail biting were the most prevalent disordes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]