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Background: Snoring is breathing with a hoarse sound during sleep caused by the vibration of membrane structures in the upper airway. Snoring can manifest as a primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea with an apparent decrease in quality of life. The purpose of the current survey was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and polysomnographic (PSG) findings of snorers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included 98 snorers who referred to a sleep clinic from September 2009 to June 2010. All subjects filled a questionnaire containing demographics, clinical symptoms, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), comorbid diseases and medications. Full PSGs have been performed for each patient. Records were scored manually according to the guidelines of American association of sleep medicine (AASM). Finally, all data was analyzed by chi-square test and t-test. Findings: Mean weight of patients was 86 ± 18 kg and 80 individuals were overweight or obese. Moreover, 74 patients were male. According to PSG findings, 90 subjects had obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), 2 had upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and 6 suffered from primary snoring. ESS scores more than 8 were observed in 65 persons. There were significant correlations between body mass index (BMI) and OSAHS (P < 0.01) and arousal index (AI) (P < 0.01). Moreover, the correlations between excessive daytime sleepiness, feeling unrefreshed during days and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (P < 0.01) and AI (P < 0.01) were significant. The breath pauses reported by the patient's spouse was also significantly correlated with AHI (P < 0.04). The prevalence of patients with mild, moderate and severe sleep apnea was 16.3%, 21.4% and 58.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The sensitive signs for evaluation of OSAHS are snoring, tiredness and excessive daytime sleepiness. It seems to be necessary to screen snorers for the quantity and quality of sleep in order to refer patients for PSG.

Introduction: Primary snoring PS) is one of the sleep breathing disorders with suboptimal treatment results. It was recommended that oropharyngeal exercises can be a therapeutic choice for the patients with mild to moderate degrees of this dysfunction. Objective: To assess the effect of oropharyngeal-lingual exercises (OPL) on patients with primary snoring (PS) referred to Amiralmomenin's Hospital,Rasht. Materials and Methods: : In total, 53 patients with PS underwent the sets of OPL exercises for 3 mounts, 5 days in week, 30 minutes daily under the supervision of speech therapist. Severity of the snoring was assessed with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and SSS (Snoring Scale Score) and data were analyzed by SPSS Ver 17. Results: Mean SSS before the study was 7.01 ±1.72 and after study it was 3.09 - 2.7, and mean VAS before study was 8.54-1.89 and after study was 4.69±2.94 (P=0.001). There was a significant relationship between being problematic with roommates (P=0.0001), situation of snoring time (P=0.0001), duration of snoring occurrence (P=0.0001), severity of snoring (P=0.0001) before and after intervention. Conclusion: Doing the OPL exercises can decrease severity of PS significantly. Conflict of interest: non declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adenoidal hypertrophy is a common problem in children which in case of obstructive symptoms needs adenoidectomy. In less severe cases, non surgical interventions may be considered. Intranasal corticosteroids might reduce obstructive symptoms in these patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroid drop on obstructive symptoms in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and methods: Seventy seven children aging 1-12 years with clinical symptoms of adenoidal hypertrophy who were confirmed by lateral neck radiography and have no indication for surgery were included the study and divided into two groups. The first group received intranasal betamethasone 0.1%, 3 times daily for 3 weeks and the second group received intranasal NACL. The subjects were assessed for obstructive symptoms including snoring, oral breathing, rhinorrhea and sinusitis at the end of 1st and 3rd months of treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS19 software using chi square formula. Results: Intranasal betamethasone significantly improved airway obstruction symptoms especially nocturnal snoring and oral breathing (P=0.04) while there was no significant effect on other symptoms as well as infectious complications including bacterial rhinorrhea (P=0.3). Conclusion: Intranasal betamethasone can be used as an alternative treatment in children with adenoidal hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep behavior and movement disturbance (SBMD) is of a relatively high prevalence in children and has a significant impact on their performance in daily activities and quality of life. Snoring, on the other hand, is considered one of the main causes of sleep disturbance in children. This study aims to assess the relationship between snoring and SBMD in 2 to 12-year-old children in Qom city. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 children with snoring and 100 healthy children were studied over 3 months. The parents took Berlin questionnaire on snoring and childhood sleep questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 18. Results: There was a significant correlation in mean SBMD between case (13.78) and control (11.45) groups (p<0.001). Independent t-test indicated a significant difference between the case and control groups in the mean of SBMD (p<0.001). Also, significant relationships were seen between snoring and adenotonsilar hypertrophy (p<0.001) and apnea and SBMD (p=0.036), but there was not any relationships between SBMD and age, children less than 7 and more than 7 years old (p=0.231), and severity of snoring and SBMD (p=0.202). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of sleep disorders, especially snoring and SBMD and their relationship, in children. Sufficient attention to this issue can raise parents and physicians awareness and pave the way for early diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Snoring is breathing with a hoarse sound during sleep caused by the vibration of membrane structures in the upper airway. Snoring can manifest as a primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea with an apparent decrease in quality of life. The purpose of the current survey was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and polysomnographic (PSG) findings of snorers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included 98 snorers who referred to a sleep clinic from September 2009 to June 2010. All subjects filled a questionnaire containing demographics, clinical symptoms, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), comorbid diseases and medications. Full PSGs have been performed for each patient. Records were scored manually according to the guidelines of American association of sleep medicine (AASM). Finally, all data was analyzed by chi-square test and t-test. Findings: Mean weight of patients was 86 ± 18 kg and 80 individuals were overweight or obese. Moreover, 74 patients were male. According to PSG findings, 90 subjects had obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), 2 had upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and 6 suffered from primary snoring. ESS scores more than 8 were observed in 65 persons. There were significant correlations between body mass index (BMI) and OSAHS (P < 0.01) and arousal index (AI) (P < 0.01). Moreover, the correlations between excessive daytime sleepiness, feeling unrefreshed during days and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (P < 0.01) and AI (P < 0.01) were significant. The breath pauses reported by the patient's spouse was also significantly correlated with AHI (P < 0.04). The prevalence of patients with mild, moderate and severe sleep apnea was 16.3%, 21.4% and 58.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The sensitive signs for evaluation of OSAHS are snoring, tiredness and excessive daytime sleepiness. It seems to be necessary to screen snorers for the quantity and quality of sleep in order to refer patients for PSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]