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One of the most important problems in today's world, which is accompanied by industrial development and population growth, is the pollution of the environment, especially water sources, with toxic and dangerous heavy metals. In this study, the synthesis and application of activated gamma alumina filament granules in the removal of chromium and lead from water in a continuous fixed-bed reactor with an upward flow have been investigated. For the preparation of active gamma alumina, thermal method is used, and furfuran binder as well as phenolic resin and polyvinyl alcohol are used to form it and it is converted into filaments by an extruder. Agilent 240 AA atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure the concentration metal ions and Thomas model was used to predict the behavior of the column. The results showed that the percentage of removal at the column height of 20 cm is at its maximum (70.7% for chromium and 94% for lead). It was found that by increasing the initial concentration of the pollutant and increasing the flow rate, the failure time decreases. The highest adsorption capacity of activated gamma alumina reactor for chromium is 20.7 mg/g and for lead 1.31 mg/g (column height 20 cm, flow rate 4.5 mL/min, concentration 10 mg/L, and pH equal to 3 for Chromium and pH equal to 7 for lead) were obtained. Formed activated gamma alumina is an effective adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals, especially chromium and lead, due to its optimal adsorption, ease of preparation, and reasonable price.

Cross docking is a distribution system in which goods are transported to destinations with the aim of preparing trucks at full capacity and reducing inventory costs. The truck scheduling problem has recently been studied by many researchers, but mostly in deterministic cases and situations, while there are many uncertainties in this process. This paper intends to optimize the process related to cross docking operations in a logistics center (Central Fruit and Vegetable Warehouse of Tehran Municipality) with the aim of minimizing operation time, inventory holding, and determining the optimal number of operators under uncertainties in truck arrival time, loading and unloading operations time, handling time and availability of resources and equipment. Due to the computational complexity of precision solving and evaluation of various options, a simulation-based optimization approach has been used, which is a combination of simulation, design of experiment and response surface methodology (RSM). The response surface methodology shows that the best-case scenario includes composition, direct movement between docks, exclusive service mode and "first come-first served" method. Numerical results also confirm that the proposed scenario greatly improves the performance measures in the studied warehouse.

Two dark energy models $\Lambda \sim (\frac{\dot{a}}{a})^{2}$ and $\Lambda \sim \frac{\ddot{a}}{a}$ are studied by taking into account the gravitational constant G is a time-dependent parameter in the framework of Chern-Simons modified gravity. It is found that the gravitational constant shown the increasing behavior proportional to those of the time parameter for each model. These models are compared with observational results by regulating the values of the parameters. Our investigations indicated that the model $\Lambda \sim (\frac{\dot{a}}{a})^{2}$ is generally attractive in nature while the other model $\Lambda \sim \frac{\ddot{a}}{a}$ coincides to repulsive situation and consequently match with the current scenario of the accelerating universe. We calculated the variation of G(t) which showed that it changes rapidly when the value of $\omega$ is taken between the limit $-1.33

The main objective of sustainable supply chain is to balance the economic, environmental, and social goals that companies have to use closed-loop supply chains for cost reduction and increasing the efficiency of the supply chain. According to the research literature, considering the risk in supply chains, especially the return supply chain, is one of the topics that has been little studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to locate the components of a three-objective, sustainable closed-loop, multi-commodity, and multi-period supply chain, considering uncertainty and market scenarios with a risk approach. Location in the sustainable closed-loop supply chain, considering the risk, and also paying attention to the quality of manufactured products and different scenarios of demand are among the innovations of this research. Due to the NP-Hard nature of the problem, the model is solved by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Sensitivity analysis has been performed on the parameters of the problem, and the efficiency of the studied methods has been investigated. The average Pareto points obtained from the first objective function is 56789.9, the average Pareto points for the second objective function is 1828.8 and for the third objective function is 77365.32, and also the average solution time of the model is 15.9 seconds.

Domestication and artificial selection have reduced the level of genetic variation in barley. Inter-specific hybridization is one of the most valuable ways to restore at least part of the lost variation. This study aimed to investigate genetic diversity and screening barley lines which possessed the desired traits, as well as drought tolerance, within two F3 populations derived by crossing a cultivated variety (Reihan 03) with two wild genotypes (HSP21 and HSP45). For this purpose, 162 F3 lines (including 81 lines from each breeding population) were evaluated in three different environments including no stress, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress. The results showed that in both populations, the greatest and smallest variation was obtained for the number of grains per spike and the number of days to physiological maturity, respectively. Mean of the plant height and 100-grain weight in the offspring obtained by crossing with HSP21 were lower than those of the population obtained by HSP45 under the moderate stress environment. Under severe stress environment, the offspring obtained by crossing Reihan 03 with the wild barley genotype HSP45 showed the increase of spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield, and the decrease of the 100-grain weight, as compared to the offspring obtained by crossing Reihan 03 with HSP21. The correlation coefficient analysis for the offspring resulting from crossing Reihan 03 with HSP21 in moderate and severe stress environments showed that grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, biological yield, stress tolerance index (STI) and yield stability index (YSI). The highest grain yield in (HSP21*Reihan 03) derived genotypes, in both control and moderate stress conditions, was revealed by the genotype 584, whereas the highest value in the severe stress condition belonged to the genotype 592. The highest grain yield in (HSP45*Reihan 03) derived genotypes, in the three mentioned environments, was observed for the genotype numbers 689, 671 and 715, respectively. High-yielding lines in both no stress and drought stress conditions were identified by applying multivariate procedures and drought tolerance indices for further studies.

Objective: The SWOT technique has been used to formulate strategies of a raw materials pharmaceutical producer in Iran. Methods: One of the main weaknesses of the SWOT method is that it does not rank the strategies, especially if there is a dependency between the criteria. The study also provides flexibility in the model for contribution of data such as knowledge, experience and human judgment which results in operational strategies and precise responses in the model we applied fuzzy analytical network process (FANP). Results: The priorities of the strategies in this case study are: 1- Adding high-profit margin products, 2- Increasing product efficiency and capacity, 3- Focusing on marketing and allocating a portion of sales percentage- 4- Focusing and investing on exports 5- Improving the R&D process 6- Reducing the cost of sales and ultimately selling price 7- Removing products that have no economic justification. Conclusion: Applying the Analysis Network Process (ANP) causes the assumption of dependency among factors, sub-factors, and options in the Analytical Hierarchy Process, and the application of fuzzy theory eliminates the inaccuracy of the decision makers' inaccurate views.

A review of Persian translation and authorship works on the culture of fame, we find the predominance of critical views; From a semiotic point of view, Roland Barthes's critical stance on intra-cultural sign systems as ideological and mythological systems is common and especially symbolic, revealing their hidden and mostly repressive implications; While the claim of the article is the existence of celebrity cultural functions as a symbolic system and the culture of fame as a sphere, which has been tried using the theory and methodology of Yuri Lutman, the founder of the School of Cultural Semiotics, to Provide a new analysis of the culture of fame. The theoretical conclusion of this article was that culture of fame is one of the hallmarks of culture and participates in the process of demarcating the boundaries of culture. Then, using Lutman's cultural semiotics, Hassan Aghamiri's Instagram Live (Rouhani's Celebrity) with Ahlam (the singer's female celebrity), which is a celebrity-centric phenomenon of two opposing classes, is analyzed as a body of study. The results of this analysis revealed that the two celebrities finally agreed on the legal boundaries of halal and haram music on Instagram in an agreement. As a frontier in the sphere of religion, Hassan Aghamiri translates Ahlam, which is a non-religious element, into the sphere of religion. On the opposite side, Aghamiri himself finds his way to the sphere of music through Ahlam. Eventually, the coincidence of the two celebrities with each other leads to an explosion in the sign sphere.

This paper examines the relation between corporate social responsibility and cost of equity capital of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to measure social responsibility as the independent variable of the study, the social and environmental criteria, which are used annually by the American institution known as KLD to rate the organizations, and also in order to measure cost of equity capital, the Gordon model have been used. All the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange as the population of the study have been analyzed, and 65 of them have been chosen according to the features of this study. The findings show that there is a significant inverse relationship between social responsibility and cost of equity capital. Therefore, managers, by increasing disclosure of social performance, cause decreases in the expected rate of return to investor (cost of equity capital) and the financial expenses. In other words, information on corporate social responsibility provides the investors with informative content.

Studying the Location and spatial performances as a part of human behavioris discussed in semiotics nowadays. These man-made effectsare including information and meaning that is the subject of semiotics. Cultural landscapes reflected their dominant cultures and can reveal the meaning as targeted by the creator of the effects or human. Hence, semiotic of cultural landscape is considered to be one of the ways and means of understanding meaning in human living environment. In this way, cultural landscapes are reviewed as the text and context. For discovering such texts or contexts through cultural landscapes, their signification and meaning can be employed. This research is exploring of meaning and contains of cultural landscapes by semiotics and its method. This research reveals that studying about cultural landscapes as "text" and "context" with consideration time conditions, cultural signs and symbols play important role in understanding them. Because, these effectsas tangiblephenomenonare connected with internal fact of human, through them the meaning can be discovered. Hence, this meaning discovering is obtained by semiotics.

Objectives: This study has been done in order to evaluate the effects of client-centered occupational therapy on satisfaction and self-care performance among clients with stroke. Methods & Materials: In this study, 24 clients with stroke who were referred to Rofeydeh Stroke Rehabilitation Center were selected by randomized sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of twelve–intervention and control. Two clients from the study group refused to continue and were excluded from the study. Subsequently, the clients in the intervention group received 24 forty-five-minute sessions of client-centered occupational therapy in self-care activities. The control underwent the conventional occupational therapy. The time of each treatment session for both groups was 45 minutes. Data collection tool included a questionnaire for client demographics, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Barthel's ADL Index. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care neither before nor after intervention. However, for each group, independent of the other, significant differences were found before and after intervention in satisfaction levels (intervention: P=0.009 control: P=0.011), performance status (intervention: P=0.028, control: P=0.007) and independency in self-care (intervention: P=0.019 control: P=0.029). Conclusion: The findings show that client-centered occupational therapy could improve satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care among clients with stroke. However, this effect was not significant enough to be observed when the two groups were compared. The only significant difference was seen when comparisons were made before and after intervention in the intervention group.

Objective: This research studies the effects of vibration stimulation on agonist muscle and electrical nerve stimulation of antagonist muscle used separately and simultaneously on the MVC (Maximal Voluntary Contraction). Materials & Methods: 45 healthy subjects participated in the study, which they were divided into three groups. MVC obtained from lateral Gastroqnemeus muscle. For the first group, the vibration (100 Hz. 0.8 mm) applied to the Achile tendon about 15 minutes. For the second group, electrical stimulation applied to the Proneal nerve (also about 15 minutes) and for the third group, vibration and electrical stimulation applied simultaneously to the Achile tendon and Proneal nerve respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that MVC decreased after agonist vibration (p

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to assess what caregivers know about special caring practices for cerebral palsied children aged between one and five years and to what extent they apply such knowledge in their daily contacts with such children. Materials and Methods: To conduct this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study, a questionnaire was first designed and then validated through six phases. A sample of 70 caregivers in three rehabilitation centers of Tehran, Iran participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and Spearman'scorrelation coefficient were calculated for statistical analysis of the data using SPSS software version 16. Results: 61 participants (87.1% of total respondents) self-rated their knowledge about special caring as low to moderate. Actual testing of participants’ knowledge about special caring practices showed that sixty-six of them (94.3 %) had low to moderate knowledge in this regard. Based on their reports, 27.1% of these participants had not had any training regarding special caring methods for above-mentioned children. They, as a whole, had not received any training for various aspects of such practices.Their educational history showed that the training had mostly focused on mobility (57.1 %) with the least attention to toileting (20.0%). Conclusion: The majority of the participants had low to moderate levels of knowledge about how to take care of a child with cerebral palsy professionally. These results emphasized the need for revising training programs specific to professional caring methods. Moreover, caregivers should attend workshops and seek educational pamphlets to increase their knowledge about such methods. The workshops may focus on teaching toileting, mobility and carrying techniques. Keywords: Special care, Cerebral palsy, Occupational therapy, Knowledge, Teaching

مقدمه: سكته مغزي از علل عمده بروز معلوليت بوده ودر خيلي از موارد منجر به افسردگي پس از سكته مي‌گردد كه اثرات منفي شديدي را بر كيفيت زندگي مبتلايان به‌همراه دارد. افسردگي پس از سكته و كيفيت زندگي ممكن است تاثيراتي متقابل بر هم داشته باشند (هركدام باعث تشديد ديگري و بدتر شدن وضع بيمار شود). با توجه به اينكه تاكنون تحقيقات زيادي در اين خصوص صورت نگرفته است، لذا لازم است كه ارتباط بين افسردگي و كيفيت زندگي در اين بيماران مورد ارزيابي قرار گيرد مواد و روشها: در مطالعه اي مقطعي، ارتباط بين افسردگي پس از سكته و كيفيت زندگي در بيماراني كه در بيش از شش ماه از سكته آنها ميگذشت، بررسي گرديد. آزمودني ها از بيماران مبتلا به سكته مغزي مراجعه كننده به دو مركز توانبخشي بيماران سرپايي در تهران، مركز رفيده و مركز تبسم بودند. براي ارزيابي كيفيت زندگي از پرسشنامه كيفيت زندگي SF-36 و براي بررسي خلق بيماران از پرسشنامه بك (BDI) استفاده شد. در مجموع 40 بيمار مبتلا به سكته مغزي (21مرد و 19 زن) با ميانگين سني 3.5±61.5 سال كه بطور ميانگين 3.5±8.7 ماه از سكته آنها ميگذشت ارزيابي شدند نتايج: در حدود 70.4% افراد داراي افسردگي بودند. بيماران افسرده بطور معناداري در تمامي معيارهاي تست SF-36 داراي نمره پايين تر بودند. يك همبستگي معكوس و منفي قوي بين افسردگي پس از سكته و كيفيت زندگي وجود داشت بطوريكه در تمامي خرده آزمونهاي كيفيت زندگي ضرايب همبستگي در سطح P

Iran has seen the rise and demise of many rulers across its history which dates back thousands of years ago. There are presently numerous religious and royal sites still standing across the country to be proof of Iran's glorious past. The demise of the Sassanid dynasty brought about a major political and religious change in Iran. Nevertheless, the Persian art remained in place and over the years after the Sassanid downfall manifested itself in construction of sites and structures. Therefore, a study of the architecture used in structures in early years of the advent of Islam in Iran is necessary to realize how Iranian artists transferred their knowledge at the turn of this important historical juncture. The eighth century in Iran's history is called the age of scientific and cultural advancements and the era during which Persian art was revived. This is mainly due to the formation of various local statehoods in Iran and subsequently the emergence and development of different thoughts. It was during this period that important political hubs were created in Shiraz, Rey, Hamadan and Isfahan. It is understood from Islamic transcripts that there was a quarrel at the time between Ziar Dynasty and Buyid dynasty over capturing Isfahan. After a series of battles, Isfahan was eventually captured by the Buyid dynasty. It was then that the Buyid king Hassan Roknodolleh started serious efforts to develop the city. One of the remarkable sites that have been constructed in Isfahan during the Deilami era is Jurjir façade which is the only remaining part of Jurjir Jame Mosque of Isfahan. The façade of Jurjir Mosque dates back to the tenth century and its decorations were created at the time of its construction. This construction is a precious sample of brickwork and plasterwork of the era and is formed from three parts: frontage, front arch and doorway. Frontage of façade is divided into several parts by engaged columns. An example of such work was used in the Ashoor palace of Parthia period. This technique was popular in the Sassanid period and examples of it can be seen in the front of Kasra Palace (also known as Tagh-i Kasra) as well as in buildings and sites belonging to the eighth and ninth centuries. By dividing the wide surface of facade into decorated, extended frame, a boring monotony of the surface is modified and numerous spaces are created for creating different decorations. In addition to this, the construction of long engaged columns produces a considerable visual effect on deluding excessive heights. This is believed to help add to the magnificence of the structure. Also these engaged columns create light and shade in different hours of day and has considerable effect on cooling the surface of the structure. Jurjir façade is decorated with inscriptions of the name of Allah in Kufic part of which has been ruined over time.Brickwork in constructions of buildings and religious as well as royal sites during the Deylamite period is an integral part of construction. Undoubtedly, the decoration on the façade of Jorjier Mosque should be considered as one of the remarkable samples of brickwork during the Deylamite period. The decoration on the Mosque includes five types of geometry designs. The plaster molding as used in the decoration of Jurjir facade is also a significant work of art that was common during the Deylamite period. In Jurjir Mosque, plaster has been used as decoration in two frames. Firstly, as an independent element and secondly as a perfect element. In other words, plaster is dependently engraved in some parts and was the decorated element of façade and in some parts it was used as brickwork decoration.On the whole, eight types of decoration are seen on the Jurjir façade which are divided into two main groups of herbal and geometrical designs. One of the techniques used in Jurjir façade is to use brick and plaster work for decoration. Decoration of two eastern and western frames of façade was created from integration of brick and plaster as well as a combination of herbal painting and inscription. In other words, artistic shapes were used for decoration by bricks and then the decorations were polished by plaster. It is generally known that each Islamic city has had only one Jame Mosqu (Hilnberand, 44:2004) by the 10th century. Interestingly, Jurjir Mosque was constructed opposite of Kabir Jame Mosque. Based on transcripts obtained from eras after the advent of Islam, Jurjir Mosque was superior to Kabir Jame Mosque from the viewpoint of height, firmness and architectural style. Nevertheless, some researchers have expressed doubt over whether Jurjir Mosque had any specific religious application. There is, however, no question regarding the fact that the Mosque is ancient and that it was constructed during the Buyid dynasty. Studies show that brick working and plaster work techniques have been used skillfully in decoration of this structure and a study of applied paintings shows that patterns of most of these works date back to the Sassanid period. These artworks have been used in Islamic period with a new insight on that the Islamic insight has been manifested in its Iranian form which can be observed in painting lattice. For example, the designs of two sides of the façade which are stretched as a long tree from down to top, the reminder of engravings of two sides of big arch is Bostan Arch of Kermanshah. Also other geometrical designs and sometimes herbal designs are taken away from designs of Sassanid period artwork [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]