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Introduction Geophysical modeling is divided into one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) types in terms of dimensions. In some cases, especially in areas with inherent complications, performing 1D or even 2D modeling is not enough to achieve exploration goals, whereas 3D modeling is needed. One of the advantages of 3D modeling compared to the other two types is the more realistic responses and higher accuracy of the results. However, 3D modeling requires 3D data collection, while in many cases, geophysical surveys are done in 2D along a series of profiles, therefore, the related modeling will also be 2D. In such cases, in order to achieve a more realistic 3D model, it should be resort to a series of logical mathematical-computational tricks while based on physical principles. Magnetometric and geoelectrical methods, including resistivity and induced polarization, are the most suitable geophysical methods for discovery of copper deposits. In the present research, the processing, comparison and analysis of geophysical data of magnetometry, resistivity and induced polarization have been carried out along the profiles surveyed in the Yazd, Aliabad copper deposit and their relationship with mineralization has been determined. Then, 3D modeling of 2D geophysical data containing resistivity and induced polarization surveyed at the deposit has been done through geostatistical processes and employing RockWorks16 software. Aliabad copper deposit is located in the Taft city in Yazd province in the middle part of Urmia-Dokhtar zone between eastern longitude of 768000 to 771000 and northern latitude of 3503000 to 3507000. According to the report of copper deposits in Iran, the lithological diversity in this region is very high and the ancient rocks of the region are the Shirkoh mountain range with granite and granodiorite rocks. The oldest rock outcrops in the Ali-Abad area are conglomerate and sandstone (Sangestan Formation) from the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. Copper mineralization in Ali-Abad deposit mainly occurred into granitoid intrusive stock and with less extent in conglomerates and metamorphosed sandstones around it. Materials and Methods In Aliabad copper deposit, 1666 magnetic data-points with 20-meter interspacing as well as resistivity and induced polarization have been surveyed through rectangular configuration along four profiles called DD-1 (with dipole-dipole array), PD-2, PD-3 and PD-4 by pole-dipole array with the length of 1320, 1240, 600 and 640 meter, respectively. In this study, first, 2-D smooth inverse modeling of resistivity and chargeability data for four profiles was carried out by the least squares error method using Res2dinv software. Afterward, the operations of processing, comparison and analysis of magnetic, resistivity and chargeability data from the geophysical profiles was performed and their relationship with mineralization was determined. To achieve the goal, magnetic surveyed corresponding to four inverted resistivity and induced polarization sections from geoelectrical profiles, were drawn and analyzed. Results and Discussion The results of the research show that in general, there is a good accordance between magnetic and geoelectrical data whereas the anomalies in the area are often related to metallic mineralization. Afterward, the primary statistical analysis was performed for the inverted data in the common range of four geophysical profiles and rectangular array. Based on these studies, the distribution of induced polarization and resistivity data are normal and log-normal, respectively which was transformed into a normal distribution with a two-parametric logarithmic transformation. Then, to achieve the spatial structure governing on resistivity and chargeability data of the region, strike variograms were drawn in two horizontal directions of north-south and east-west as well as vertical (depth) direction. The results revealed that all theoretical variogram models according to experimental variograms are spherical type and the region has geometric anisotropy. In the next step, based on the results of variography operation, 3-D models of resistivity and chargeability data were produced using Rockworks software through interpolation algorithm of advanced inverse distance weighted. At the end, on the basis of 3-D performed modeling the position of the most promising and appropriate mineralization area was determined as well as proposing a vertical borehole with the length of 80 m in this location. Conclusion On the basis of the findings, drilling a borehole in the proposed location, carefully drawing of the borehole strip-log, comparing the results of drilling cores assay, lithology and alteration with the results of 3D geophysical modeling in this place are necessary. Drilling of the proposed borehole will lead to more recognition of the deposit, possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the carried out geophysical operation and 3D modeling in the Aliabad copper deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Iran that is transmitted from animal to human. The clinical manifestations of brucellosis are nonspecific and its complications involve bones and joints. Brucellosis osteomyelitis can mimic the manifestations of neoplasms; therefore, it cannot readily be diagnosed in some cases. Under such circumstances, high incidence can be a helpful factor. We reported a 49-year-old man patient who presented with chronic musculoskeletal pain in the lower back. Initially, he was treated for osteoarthritis due to several negative serological tests for brucellosis. He was referred to a specialized clinic with no recovery achievement after 5 months treatment. The musculoskeletal pain together with the patient's occupation (animal husbandry), was resulted in a high clinical suspicion of brucellosis. Consequently, the patient underwent another serological test and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was diagnosed with brucellosis-induced spondylodiscitis by positive serology result and bone involvement on MRI. Regular treatment was then started, which led to clinical and radiological improvement at the end. With regard to chronic symptoms of the disease and despite the negative results of serological tests, it is recommended that radiological diagnostic methods such as MRI should be adopted in cases where there is a clinical suspicion of brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The HIV infection is a serious health problem with major effects on various aspects of life. It is essential to understand the lived experiences of patients living with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted to investigate affected patients' lived experiences. Methods & Materials: This qualitative study was carried out using an interpretative, phenomenological approach. Nineteen patients with HIV/AIDS were selected using purposive sampling method. Field notes, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using the hermeneutic approach developed by Diekelmann (1989). Results: From 19 participants, 57.9% were males. Mean age was 39 years; 42.1% were single; 47.4% had CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3. The main emerged themes were as follows: 1) death way; 2) halo of worries; 3) hope to cure. Based on the final step of the Diekelmann approach, "being in state of hope and fear" was emerged as a constitutive pattern in patients living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Patients with HIV/AIDS experienced fears, doubts, worries, hopes and many emotional challenges in different aspects of their lives. Caregivers should understand and comprehend the emotional states of the patients. Health care providers should design effective interventions to help individuals to cope with HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Oral lichen planus (OLP), a common disease reported to be a premalignant lesion in some studies, may potentially lead to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malignant transformation in patients with OLP. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 386 patients diagnosed with OLP based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2006 to 2009 in Shiraz were studied. Results: Four patients (1.03%), one man and three women, showed malignant transformation. All malignant transformations occurred in red OLP types and tongue was the most common location. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the hypothesis that patients with OLP have a high risk of developing malignant transformations. Hence, it is recommended that OLP patients be monitored annually for early detection of possible malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]