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Introduction: Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) has great potential for growth in acidic soils and is adapted to soil and a climatic condition of Guilan province. Tea requires acidic conditions, high heat and high humidity, and its leaves are economically important (Taiefeh et al., 2013). Various studies have shown that the yield of green tea leaves and its physiological and biochemical properties depend on factors such as soil type, altitude, season, climatic conditions, and the amount of water available to the plant and the consumption of macro and micro elements (Owuor and Bowa, 2012). One of the prominent issues in the production of crops and orchards, including tea orchards, is strengthening their resistance to dry conditions, and among them, water deficit stress is the most common type of environmental stress that affects plant growth and production (Kirigwi et al., 2004). The element copper is very important in the growth and production of quality tea, so that by interfering with the oxidation of green tea leaves, it directly affects the taste and color of tea (Singh and Singh, 2004). Zinc as a major factor in the activity of many enzymes and play a major role in the structure of proteins that regulate transcription in leaves of tea plays, therefore, reducing the concentration of this element reduces the stomatal conductance, reduces transpiration and degrades the function of antioxidant enzymes (Upadhyaya et al., 2013). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application of copper and zinc nanofertilizers and irrigation water deficiency on different morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of tea plant in garden conditions. Material and methods: This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in selected tea research gardens of Rudsar city in 2018. Factorial combinations of three treatments of water deficit stress (15% (un-stressed control, IR1), 30% (moderate stress, IR2) and 45% (severe stress, IR3) of FC depletion) and four foliar application (FA1: use distil water, control, FA2: Copper nano-chelate (0.5 mg per one liter of distilled water), FA3: Zinc nano-chelate (2.5 mg per one liter of distilled water) and FA4: Copper nanochelate + Zinc nano-chelate) were considered. The applied drought stress levels were determined between the field capacity and the permanent wilting point of the soil in the tested area to determine the plant response to different soil water levels (Mokhtassi-Bidgoli et al., 2013). The amount of chemical fertilizers required was determined based on the results of soil test (Table 1) and the amount of nutrients harvested by tea plants (Table 2) (Sedaghathoor et al., 2003). Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that the interaction of irrigation regimes and foliar application on green leaf yield, photosynthesis rate, proline concentration, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were significant. Under moderate stress conditions, optimal green leaf yield and plant photosynthesis rate were obtained from the combined foliar application of copper and zinc nano-fertilizers. Also, under severe stress conditions, the highest amount of antioxidant activity and proline concentration was observed in the combined spraying of copper and zinc nano-fertilizers. Total chlorophyll decreased fewer than 62.5 and 75 % under moderate and severe stress conditions compared to the control treatment. Also, carotenoids under the influence of copper foliar application, zinc foliar application and combined copper and zinc foliar application increased by 38.47, 43.84 and 69.29% compared to the control treatment. Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that the application of combined foliar application of copper and zinc increased 58.40, 32.54 and 31.28% of green tea leaf yield compared to the control under moderate stress conditions, respectively. The results proved copper and zinc micronutrients increase green leaf yield, photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrate and protein concentrations, as well as increase the activity of antioxidants in stress conditions. Also, results showed that zinc and copper are very effective in tea resistance to water stress and reduction of dehydration damage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Sunflower (.Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual plant belonging to the genus Helianthus and Astraceae (Kazi et al., 2002). Among abiotic stresses, drought stress is considered to be the most influential type of stress in the production of oil seeds in the world and can greatly reduce production on many arable lands. One of the primary effects of drought is the reduction of water content of plant tissues (Ghanbari et al., 2016). Nutrient spraying is one of the common methods of supplying nutrients to higher plants, whose efficiency is greater than soil fertilizer use when soil conditions are poor (Hay and Porter, 2006). Mn, as an activating factor in many enzymes, especially the enzymes involved in photosynthetic processes in plants. Manganese deficiency reduces growth, causing necrosis, and early fall of leaves (Tewari et al., 2005). Zn acts as part of the enzyme structure or as a cofactor. It is used to make RNA, DNA metabolism of carbohydrates, oils and proteins (Shahrokhi et al., 2012). To investigate the effect of Zn Nanofertilizer in combination with Mn Nano-fertilizer on improving sunflower resistance under water deficit conditions by measuring changes in yield, yield components and biochemical properties of sunflower were studied here to see the reults Materials and Methods This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lahijan Agricultural Jihad Research Farm in 2019. Factorial combinations of four treatments of water deficit stress (15% (un-stressed control), 30% (mild stress), 45% (moderate stress) and 60% (severe stress) of FC depletion) and four spraying (Control (distilled water), Zn, Mn and ZntMn Nano-fertilizer) with 4 mg.1 concentration were examined. Drip irrigation (T-tape) applied the row length in each experimental plot was 6 m, 50 cm apart. The distance between the plots and between the repetitions was 1 and 3.5 m, respectively. Results and Discussion The results revealed that the interaction between irrigation regime and spraying was significant in harvest index, peroxidase, seed protein, seed oil and oil yield؛ in other traits the main effects were significant. Co-application of Zn and Mn Nano-chelates in panicle and stem diameter, grain yield, photosynthesis rate and protein yield increased by 26.69, 29.77, 34.37, 61.30 and 57.17%, respectively. Spraying of zinc and manganese nano-chelates also improved grain yield and protein yield by 17.86 and 36.68%, respectively, under severe stress conditions. Conclusion In general, it can be concluded that the application of Zn and Mn Nano-fertilizers is effective in increasing grain yield, protein and oil yield and photosynthesis under stress conditions and it is very effective in resistance to sunflower plant by reducing the activity of stress enzymes and reducing severe yield loss. Finally, co-application of zinc and manganese Nano-fertilizers depending on the stress areas is recommended for optimal performance under drought stress condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After peaches and plums, apricots are the third product of stone fruits, which is popular among consumers because of high levels of antioxidants. Apricot is a climacteric and perishable fruit with a short storability. Essential oils have a great potential in maintaining quality of fruits and vegetables as an alternative to artificial preservatives that are dangerous to health. Recent advances in nanotechnology, and in particular the nano encapsulation of essential oils, have alleviated the problems of their use. So a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design on apricots ͑Tabarzeh͗ in three replications to investigate the effect of rosemary nano capsoules on physico-chemical properties of fruit during storage. Results showed the amount of fresh and dry weight as well as the percentage of dry matter decreased during storage which was more in controls than treated fruits. The amount of carotenoids and anthocyanins increased rapidly in control fruits compared to treated fruits from 20th day of storage. The highest amount of phenol in fruits was harvested per day and had a downward trend until the end of storage. Fruits treated with 1000 mg/L had more phenol at the end of storage compare to control and other treatments. These fruits also had the highest amount of vitamin C and total carbohydrates at the end of storage, despite their declining trend. All fruits treated with rosemary nanocapsules had higher antioxidant activity than the control at the end of storage. During storage of apricots, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and the activity of enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased. At the end of storage, fruits treated with 1000 mg/L rosemary nanocapsules had the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide and the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, while this trend was reversed in control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evidence suggests increased oxidative stress and improved total antioxidant status resulting from regular exercise in the heart tissue of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of increasing endurance training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant status of the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats (aged 10 weeks and weighing 256±11.8 g) were divided into 4 groups of 6.The training program lasted for 8 weeks with increasing endurance training. It was measured 48 hours after the completion of the protocol levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) and the total antioxidant status of rat heart tissue. One-way analysis of variance test was used for intergroup comparisons and Pearson test was used to investigate the relationship between indicators. Results: The results showed a significant difference in total antioxidant status, catalase and glutathione (P = 0.001) and were not significant in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.240). Moreover, a follow-up test showed a significant increase in total antioxidant status and catalase (healthy exercise, healthy control, and diabetic exercise compared to diabetic control), Glutathione (healthy exercise (P = 0.001) and healthy control (P = 0.049) compared to diabetic control); (Healthy exercise (P = 0.003) compared to diabetic exercise. Finally, some correlations between antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant status were significant. Conclusion: According to research results, increasing endurance training appears to increase levels of antioxidant enzymes and improve total antioxidant status, thereby it reduces oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic mice.

in this study was tried Different tomato varieties based on phytochemical and morphological traits as well as antioxidant properties of leaf In the form of two germination experiments in laboratory and pot plants in a greenhouse, completely randomized in three replications. Totally two experiments, different varieties of tomatoes were different (P

Oxidative stress factors are known to causes some metabolic disorders diseases. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic diseases. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. The present study was designed to evaluate anti-oxidant effect of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria L.).In the present study, special parts of the sumac plant, dried at room temperature and powdered using laboratory mill. All samples were solubilized in methanol, and four concentrations (12.5, 25, 40 ،50 μ/ml) were prepared and the antioxidant activity of sumac powder measured by DPPH at a wavelength of 517 nm. Finally, the IC50 of all samples and the standard were calculated and compared with standard.The methanol extracts of all sumac doses showed dose-dependent potent antioxidant activity. The results indicated that brown sumac powder (IC50 = 14/912) has the higher antioxidant activity compared to red sumac powder (IC50 = 27/385), which was lower than vitamin C (IC50 = 6/708). Brown sumac powder has a stronger antioxidant effect than red sumac powder, which can be effective in improving the antioxidant defense of the body, so we advise to consume brown sumac. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of incorporating chia seed roasted flour(MSF) (0-7.5 %) on moisture content, fat content, total fiber content, antioxidant activity, total phenol content, color, texture and organoleptic characteristics of functional Barbari bread was evaluated. The results showed addition of MSF increased the moisture content, oil and total fiber content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity (17.9±0.9 % to 66.2 ± 0.2%) in the samples. While increasing the amount of MSF, the L* value and hardness of the samples was decreased. The organoleptic characteristics of bread containing 2.5% MSF had no significant different (P<0.05) with the control. Increasing the replacement of wheat flour with MSF (2.5 to 7.5%) reduced the acceptability of organoleptic characteristics of bread. Based on the results of the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), the enthalpy for control was 4119.94 (J/g) and for the bread containing 5% MSF was about 4369.1 (J/g). SEM results showed that the incorporation of MSF created a more uniform structure with smaller cavities in the bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background: Stress oxidative factors are known to causes diseases resulting from metabolic disorders. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic problems. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. We designed the present study to evaluate anti-oxidant effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). Materials and Methods: For extract preparation, the dry aerial part of lavender mixed with boiling water for 4 hours and then the container was filtered and condensed in a bain marie. Finally, the extract was powdered by freeze dryer. The anti-oxidant activities of the herbal medicine samples in 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm concentrations were determined via DPPH method. This method is based on free radical scavenging of 2, 2- dipheny L-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) reflected in the color and absorbance changes in spectrophotometery method in 520 nm. Finally the IC50 was calculated and compared with that of for vitamin C as a standard. Results: All doses of the aqueous extract of the lavender showed dose- dependent potent anti-oxidant activity, So that, their differences were significant compared to control sample. The IC50 of the herbal medicine was 24.66 ppm that was less than the vitamin C of 2.3 ppm. Conclusion: As a potent anti-oxidant, the lavender aqueous extract can be effective in treatment of metabolic diseases.

The purpose of study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities of three species of green, brown and red algae from northern coast of the Persian Gulf, The study was performed using DPPH, FRAP, PMD and RP tests for anti-oxidant capability and disk diffusion and plate methods of ethanol extraction for anti-bacterial ability. In the current investigation, The best anti-oxidant activity and inhibition potential of DPPH free radicals and RP were shown in ethanol extract of Entromorpha intestinalis green algae and lowest values was detected in Cystoseira myrica brown algae.The highest anti-oxidant activity was measured by FRAP test in green algae E. intestinalis and the lowest anti-oxidant activity was obtained in the red algaeGracilaria corticata.The highest anti-oxidant activity with PMD test was found in the red algae G. corticata. However, anti-oxidant activity of the green algae E. Intestinalis was shown high activity with DPPH, FRAP, RP tests. Hydro-alcohol extraction of sea weed did not show any anti-bacterial properties.

Introduction: The toxicity of gentamycin in the kidney seems to be related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence that pretreatment with oxygen increases the rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Methods: In this experimental study, forty eight female rats (Sprague Dawlley) were divided into 6 groups randomly (8 in each) as follows: group 1 was the control and for other groups different doses of oxygen with Gentamycin was used for 8 days intra-peritoneally (100 mg/kg ). 24-hour urine samples were collected after the final injection. Blood samples were collected and serum was prepared. The left kidney was fixed in formal saline. Serum MDA, creatinin and urea, as well as urine creatinine were measured. 5-micron tissue sections were prepared and stained by Periodic Acid Shift method. Volume density of proximal tubules, necrosis of proximal tubules and lymphocytic infiltration were studied. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test at significant level of p

Background: Stress oxidative factors are known to causes diseases resulting from metabolic disorders. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic problems. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. We designed the present study to evaluate anti-oxidant effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). Materials and Methods: For extract preparation, the dry aerial part of lavender mixed with boiling water for 4 hours and then the container was filtered and condensed in a bain marie. Finally, the extract was powdered by freeze dryer. The anti-oxidant activities of the herbal medicine samples in 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm concentrations were determined via DPPH method. This method is based on free radical scavenging of 2, 2- dipheny L-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) reflected in the color and absorbance changes in spectrophotometery method in 520 nm. Finally the IC50 was calculated and compared with that of for vitamin C as a standard. Results: All doses of the aqueous extract of the lavender showed dose- dependent potent antioxidant activity, So that, their differences were significant compared to control sample. The IC50 of the herbal medicine was 24.66 ppm that was less than the vitamin C of 2.3 ppm. Conclusion: As a potent anti-oxidant, the lavender aqueous extract can be effective in treatment of metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite major diagnostic and industrial progresses in the technology and use of Ionizing radiations, they have been found to be harmful to the health of the radiology and nuclear medicine staffs. Since Ionizing radiations have the potential to produce free radicals, therefore, it is likely that the total plasma level of anti-oxidant in medical and nuclear medicine staffs could be reduced.Methods: In this case-control study the relationship of total anti oxidant level of plasma and the function of immune cells such as lymphocyte proliferating response using MTT method, Neutrophil chemotaxi, Intensity of respiratory burst (NBT) and evaluation of IL-2 and IL-4 (ELISA) were investigated. 101 samples were collected for this study and they were assigned as two groups: 61 samples cases from radiology and nuclear medicine staffs of Tehran University Of Medical Science hospitals (Shariaty, Imam Khomeyni, Ghalb-e-Tehran) were assigned as the exposed group, whereas, 40 samples from Pediatric, Orthopedic, Infirmary and Emergencies wards were assigned as control group. Using heparinized syringes, 8 to 10 ml of blood samples were collected from each person with age between 25 to 50, averaging 36.4±7.2, and several assays including Anii Oxidant Capacity of Total Plasma (FRAP Method), T cell proliferative response to PHA mitogen (MTT Method), Chemotaxi of neutrophils and Magnitude of respiratory burst were carried out on these samples. The results were analyzed using spirman correlation analysis.Results: The results showed that exposure to ionizing radiation chronically with low dosed had no effect on chemotaxis of neutorophils and intensity of respiratory burst, but could have effect on lymphocyte function specially in cytokines secretion like IL-2 which are essential in the immune responses.Conclusion: This study indicates that long term low dose ionizing radiation may have effect in some parts of the immune function."n

Background and purpose: Acetaminophen is a routine analgesic and antipyretic agent that in overdose causes liver and kidney necrosis in both humans and animals. The cress (Lepidium sativum L.) contains flavonoid, alkaloid, and antioxidant components. In this study we investigated the hepatic protection of the hydroethanolic extract of cress against hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen. Materials and methods: Forty-two rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first (control) and second (test without treatment) groups were administered the solvent of drug in the morning (08:00) and evening (16:00) on days 1 and 2 but, the third, fourth, and fifth groups received 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w of the extract of the cress, respectively. The sixth group (positive control) received 200 mg/kg b.w silymarin. Then all groups, except the control group, received 400 mg/kg acetaminophen per os on day 2 (10:00). After 24 hr, all blood samples were collected for determination of GOT (glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic- pyruvic transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum antioxidant capacity. Also, a piece of liver was used for determining catalase activity and histopathological studies. For statistical analysis of the data, group means were analyzed with one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Results: Serum GOT, GPT, ALP, and MDA reduced significantly (P< 0.001) in the treated groups with the extract of cress compared to acetaminophen group without treatment. The reduction of GPT and ALP were dose dependent. The serum antioxidant capacity and liver catalase in treated groups with the extract of the cress and silymarin treated group elevated significantly (P< 0.001) compared to the acetaminophen group without treatment. The liver histopathology in rats treated with the extract of cress showed a remarkable reduction of lymphocyte infiltration compared with rats without treatment (group two). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the extract of the cress have protection effect against hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]