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Background and Aim: Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of catalepsy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training and food restriction on dopaminergic and catalepsy neurons in the brain tissue of Parkinson's disease model of rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): healthy control (C), Parkinson's disease model (P), Parkinson's disease model + aerobic training (P+T), Parkinson's disease model + food restriction (P+FR), and Parkinson's disease model + aerobic training + food restriction (P+T+FR). The aerobic training regimen consisted of three months with five sessions per week at an intensity of 75-80% of maximum oxygen consumption. The food restriction group received approximately 11 grams of food daily. Catalepsy was assessed using the rod test, while dopaminergic neurons were quantified through brain sectioning and microscopic counting. Results: The P+T+FR group exhibited a significant increase in dopaminergic neuron count compared to the C, P, P+T, and P+FR groups (P=0.001). Furthermore, a significant reduction in catalepsy was observed in the P+T+RF group compared to the P group (P=0.001). Conclusion: The combination of three months of aerobic training and food restriction resulted in improvements in dopaminergic neuron count and reduced catalepsy in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. These findings suggest that aerobic training and food restriction could serve as potential complementary interventions for Parkinson's disease treatment, alongside pharmacological approaches, warranting further investigation in this area.

Junan al-Majanin is written by Qawamuddin Sanjani, a mystic of the 8th and 9th centuries of Hijri, which was written on the subject of mysticism and Sufism. This valuable work is written with a critical approach to Sufism and Sufi beliefs, in four chapters: Beliefs, Imports, Events and Poems. In view of the importance of Junanul Majanin, the present research is based on the descriptive-analytical method, in addition to introducing the work and its existing versions, it also examines its linguistic and literary features. On the other hand, the current research reveals the author's positions on various Sufism issues in the content analysis section. The results of the survey show that Sanjani, like most mystics, took help from famous verses, hadiths, poems and sayings to prove his views. Among the rhetorical features of this work, we can mention: the use of consecutive words, phonology, puns, similes, similes, adaptations (solutions and insertions), glosses and hints. The linguistic features of the text indicate that the prose of the book is older than the author's period. It should be mentioned that seven manuscripts of Junanul Majanin have been identified, which are kept in the libraries of Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan and England.

Considering the consumption of caffeine as a supplement favored by theathletes and the proof of its long-term abuse effects on male fertility, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate aerobic training combined with the conditioning of Sertoli cell media in testicular damage caused by caffeine consumption.For this purpose,30male Wistar rats were tested in5groups.For4weeks, the groups received caffeine at a dose of200 mg/kg orally and group1received of distilled water.42days after that, the conditioned media of Sertoli cells was injected into the efferent ducts of the rats in the treatment group.After8 weeks, mice were sampled.Tissue samples were studied by histomorphometry andSOD,,GPX, TACand MDA.The group under the influence of caffeine compared to the healthy group, significantly(p

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in utilizing the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach for updating traditional master plans. This article presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating development plans through the lens of TOD principles. The assessment is based on five key criteria: density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit, as well as the interrelationships between these factors. To provide a realistic representation of these principles in the neighborhood context, a dynamic zoning system is employed in walkable areas for local residents. By using this framework, the strengths and weaknesses of development plans can be thoroughly evaluated in detail. The evaluation outcomes consist of statistical figures and geographic maps that can be used to improve future development plans. In this study, the Neyshabour master plan was assessed using this method, revealing that the city's planning and design do not conform to TOD principles. The majority of the TOD criteria received low scores, highlighting the need for revisions to the master plan.

Background. Cancers are showing a rising trend in developing countries. In Iran, cancer is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. The cost of cancer diagnosis and treatment places heavy financial burden on health systems, requiring accurate financial assessments and evaluations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the direct medical expenses of cancer patients undergoing surgery in Ahvaz, Iran, teaching hospitals. Methods. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. The research population included cancer patients undergoing surgery in Ahvaz teaching hospitals. Data collection was done using clinical records of the hospital. Quantitative statistical indicators such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, and tables were used for data analysis. In addition, analytical statistical indicators such as independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression were used with SPSS22 software. Results. The overall mean costs for cancer surgery were calculated at 77,994,903 (SD= 111,224,332) Iranian Rials (IRR). The most expensive cancer surgery was colorectal cancer with an average of 193,558,434 (SD= 266,162,757) IRR, and the lowest cost was pancreatic cancer surgery with an average of 29,284,226 (SD= 23,057,425) IRR. There was a significant positive relationship between the type of cancer (p= 0.000) and the length of hospital stay (p= 0.041) and the cost of hospitalized patients. Conclusion. The economic costs of treating all types of cancer are very high. Any therapeutic and administrative measure that can reduce the cost of cancer treatment or the duration of treatment will contribute significantly to reducing patients' sufferings, improving their quality of life, and reducing the imposed costs.

After the spread of rationalism and rationality in the Renaissance, the importance of the concepts of poetry and poeticism in various literary works decreased day by day and any irrationality and "madness" was confined within the sanatoriums. Desperate for the results of western rationalism, modern writers tended to look at the semantic, subjective, and non-figurative aspects of poetry in fiction in order to both confront the prevailing wisdom and represent the outcry of "madness" in the form of modern fiction. From the point of view of modern theorists, "poetry" in its new definition was generally associated with an interest in abstraction and irrationality and the rejection of common standards in literature. In this article, we have tried to show the concept of "poetry" and its relation to "madness" through the stylistic components of modern stories in the novel "Shazdeh-Ehtejab". Findings show that in Golshiri's novel "Shazdeh Ehtejab", "poetry" through components such as anti-narrative, ambiguity, nonlinear timing, and attention to the metaphorical construction of sentences and elements such as "madness" and "death", takes the narrative out of the ordinary and in addition to making the text and atmosphere of the story poetic, it creates a meaningful and protesting relationship with the negation of rationalism and attention to "madness" in the modern era.

Introduction: Computerized programs for brain empowerment with regular, intensive, and continuous cognitive exercises improve cognitive functions such as attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This review study aimed to identify effective computerized programs for improving attention in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This descriptive narrative review was done in 2018 through library review and searching keywords including "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs", and "play therapy" in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The results of this review were investigated through the semi-structured interview and classified based on the attention areas of children and adolescents with ADHD. Results: Based on the review, Caption Log, Pay Attention, Cogmed Working Memory, Memory GYM, Attention GYM, Brainware Safari, 8 Sciences' ACTIVATET, Lumosity, My Happy Neuron, Smart Driver, and educational packages such as Maghzine were effective programs to improve different types of attention (focused, divided, intermittent, continuous, and selective) in the ADHD children aged four years old and older. Conclusion: Considering the significant effects of computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs in empowering cognitive skills such as attention, their use as a complementary treatment in improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with ADHD is promising. However, it is suggested to evaluate such programs with larger samples, transfer their educational effects to daily life, and improve their quality by providing more components of such programs.

The most appropriate method for understanding a poet or writer's intellectual, linguistic, and literary aspects is through a style comparison. If this comparison is broad, it is necessary to compare the entire body of work produced by the two poets or writers; if it is concise, it is also possible to compare the stylistic components of the two lyrics. Using a micro-context approach and cognitive style, this article compares two lyrics (Ghazals)—one by Haydari Wujodi, a contemporary poet and mystic, and the other by Mawlawi, a classical poet and great mystic—that are identical in terms of the prosaic weight of both lyrics “Failatun Failatun Failatun Failun” and the word “narrator”. The comparison has been performed based on three stylistic levels: linguistic level, literary level, and intellectual level. The findings of this study show that both lyrics are comparable to one another and share similar language and intellectual characteristics. In addition, the intellectual similarities suggest that Haydari’s mysticism was influenced by Mawlawi’s mysticism.IntroductionSince the start of the study of stylistics up until the present, researchers in this area have offered numerous definitions. Here, dealing with the definitions will be nothing more than repeating them; hence, two brief definitions seems to be sufficient: “Stylistics is a science or system that discusses style” (Shamisa, 2001, p. 13). This definition refers to two points: one is the nature of the style, and the second is the function of style. According to Charles Bally, “the task of stylistics is to see what the types of expression structures are in a certain period and how they express feelings and thoughts” (Ghiashi, 1989, p. 11). Therefore, style, in general, includes three important linguistic, literary, and intellectual elements, from which the style of language, literary, and intellectual type of each writer can be distinguished. These three elements depend on the environmental, cultural, political, and religious conditions that every writer or poet is affected by these conditions. This impressionability appears in their words; for example, Hafez's words seem more ambiguous from a literary point of view. Ferdowsi's language is full of original Persian words and epic and mythological themes, and the dominant element in Mawlawi's intellectual system is mysticism.In fact, Mawlawi's poetry cannot be compared with any other poet in terms of meaning and content. Because he was not only a mystic and a poet, but he was also the greatest scholar of religion. Over the years, dozens of researchers have described and developed his works, and hundreds of poets have been influenced by him, which is proof of the breadth of Mawlawi's knowledge. Ghulam Haider, the son of Maulana Shafiullah, nicknamed Haidari Wujoudi, a contemporary Afghanistan mystic and poet, is among those who are influenced by Mawlawi's thoughts. He was born in 1939 in Panjshir province and died in 2020 due to coronavirus. Although Haidari Wujoudi did not have more than elementary education, due to his study and talent and also his enthusiasm and interest in mysticism, he is the owner of a poetic divan consisting of several thousand verses.In this study, the stylistic analysis of both sonnets has been done with the approach of studying a small context. By examining this type of approach, two pieces of poetry or two stories can be compared. In this stylistic comparison, Ghazal No. 144 by Mawlawi and one Ghazal by Haidari Wujoudi (2019, p. 82) have been selected in a prosody weight and they have been stylistically compared from three linguistic, literary, and intellectual perspectives. Materials and MethodsThis study has been carried out by the analytical-descriptive method and is based on library research. In this research, a six-verse ghazal by Haidari Wujoudi and a seven-verse ghazal by Mawlawi (Kuleyaat Shams Tabrizi) have been selected, both of which are in the same weight (Ramel Mothman Mahzauf), and analyzed with a micro-context approach. In this regard, the stylistic and comparative results of both (differences and similarities) have been reported statistically. Research Findings The overall findings of this research show that Haidari Wujoudi's way of thinking is consistent with Mawlawi's. This harmony is due to mystical vision. Also, the use of mystical themes shows the common features between both lyrics. In terms of language, there are more similarities than differences between both lyrics. But in the literary segment, both in terms of innovative art and the science of expression (simile, metaphor, irony, and permission), the difference seems to be greater. In this sense, the literary level of Haidari's lyrics is higher than Mawlawi's. From this point of view, it can be said that Haidari's existential mysticism in this lyric is theoretical mysticism and Mawlawi's mysticism is of practical mysticism type. Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe collection of Haidari Wujoudi’s work (Divan) is considered one of the most important literary-mystical works in Persian literature. In addition to his surviving printed works, there are about 500 audio tapes of Mawlawi Masnawi’s series, which have not been arranged or edited until now. As mentioned before, Mawlawi's lyrics (Ghazals), known as Shams's ghazals, are at a high level in terms of meaning and mystical content, and it is not easy to compare them with any ghazal or any poet. In this study, two lyrics by Mawlawi and Haidari Wujoudi were chosen not merely for the purpose of stylistic comparison but rather because of the similarities between the two, particularly Haidari Wujoudi's perception of Mawlawi. Mawlawi's lyrics are full of passion and love, and despair and hopelessness are not seen in them. Haidari Wujoudi's poems also have the same characteristics because his mysticism is of the type of romantic mysticism, and the essence of Haidari's lyrics is love, which is the common ground between both lyrics.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the possible mechanisms for the progression of heart disease. This study aimed to effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on PGC1- α gene expression and cardiomyocyte mitochondrial citrate synthase in Cardiomyocytes of male rats with myocardial infarction model. Materials and Methods: 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, heart myocardial infarction control, aerobic exercise, supplement and exercise + supplement. The training and training+supplement groups were influenced by training on the intelligent electronic animal treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. At this time, the myocardial infarction control and supplement groups had no exercise program. First, healthy controls were killed. Expression of PGC1-α gene and mitochondrial citrate synthase using real-time PCR method, the obtained data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Result: Results showed that the expression of PGC1-α and citrate synthase of cardiomyocytes in the groups trained with and without curcumin consumption is significantly higher than the supplemented and myocardial infarction control groups (P=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups of exercise and exercise + supplement. The expression of both genes in the myocardial infarction control group was lower than that of healthy controls (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with curcumin increased the expression of PGC1-α gene and citrate synthase. The combined effect of exercise and curcumin were nonsignificantly greater.

Background and Aim: Nosocomial infection is an infection that a patient develops 48 hours after hospitalization or up to 72 hours after discharge. The infection should not exist at the time of admission, and should not be in the latent stage. Nosocomial infections can lead to economic, social, and physiological problems for the patients and hospital staff. Since nurse aids and service staff have important roles in controlling nosocomial infections, this study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and performance in regard to nosocomial infections. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2019. Questionnaire items were extracted by searching SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases using Google Scholar search engine. The questionnaire validity was assessed using the opinion of 10 nosocomial infection control specialists. In order to assess the reliability and face validity, the questionnaire was given to 135 nurse aids and service staff working in Tehran hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software and LISREL8.8. Results: The content validity index and content validity ratio for knowledge, attitude, and performance sections of the questionnaire were between 0.8 and 1. The face validity of the questionnaire items ranged from 1.6 to 5. In the knowledge section of the questionnaire, Kuder- Richardson reliability coefficient was 0.7 and Cronbach's alpha for attitude and performance sections were 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient for knowledge, attitude, and performance were 0.86, 0.89, and 0.93, respectively. Three-factor confirmatory analysis showed the questionnaire had a good fit The mean scores of employees’ knowledge, attitude, and performance in regard to nosocomial infections were 0.44±0.19 (intermediate), 0.71±0.18 (positive) and 0.63±0.16 (intermediate), respectively Conclusion: The questionnaire had good validity and reliability for assessment of nurse aids’ and service staffs’ knowledge, attitude and performance in relation to nosocomial infections. The levels of performance and knowledge of the nurse aids and service staff working at Tehran hospitals about nosocomial infections control were moderate and their attitude was neutral.

In this article, by examining the poetry flow of black romanticism in the thirties and forties in Iran, the representation of loneliness in the poems of the poets of this flow is analyzed. The main issue is the connection between the intellectual and ideological components of the black romanticism of these two decades with the emergence of the concept of loneliness in their poetic meanings. The main reason for the emergence of the black romanticism trend is the frustration Coup D’etat of 1332 Š./1953/ 1332, which has led to dark themes and blackness in this poetic trend, and it harbors nihilistic ideas. The discussion of loneliness has strongly considered this nihilistic trend. The main poets of this trend, based on their influence from the existentialist and humanist attitude, whose works are analyzed in this article, are Hassan Honarmandi, Forough Farrokhzad and Ahmed Shamlou. The results of this research showed that although the influence of the thoughts of French thinkers about loneliness is evident in this thought stream, this is associated with the unconscious influence of the background of Iranian thought in Persian poetry and concepts such as humanism, individualism, the endlessness of life, freedom based on It has reproduced individuality.

This research examines the macroeconomic variables reaction and banking sector with the financial and monetary shocks using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE). Considering the banking facilities and utilization of seasonal data for the period 1991-2017, the banking sector behavior in the economic dynamics is studied. Therefore, the linear-logarithmic form of the equations is obtained after specifying the model, optimizing, and extracting the first-order conditions. The model is simulated under two different scenarios by considering bank facilities as two types of capital facilities and working capital, and not considering the facilities. The results show that by occurring financial and monetary shocks, the instant reaction of variables is consistent with the theoretical bases of the economy, which indicates the acceptable ability of the model in accurately fitting Iran's economy. Furthermore, comparing the moments of the simulated variables with the real data, the success of the model in simulating the governing facts of the economy is confirmed. Finally, the results show that banking facilities could reduce the range of economic fluctuations and increase the stability of the economy. This issue can be mentioned by the economic policymakers in order to reach economic sustainable development.

Innovation is one of the missing elements in the Iranian automotive industry and there are several reasons for it. In this article, however, we look at innovation through the lens of related concepts of innovation ecosystem, a concept that has previously been less used by researchers in this industry. To do so, the theme analysis method was used in interviews with 20 experts active in the country's innovation ecosystem. The results show that within the framework of innovation ecosystem of this industry, which consists of 9 main elements including "Internal innovation environment", "External innovation environment", "Innovation platform", "Innovation users", " "Innovators", "Innovation beneficiaries", "Brokers", "Innovation facilitators" and "Value and Knowledge flows"; Weaknesses such as "missing chains", "lack of institutional harmony", and "bureaucracy and high complexity of some executive processes" are the most important deterrents to innovation.

Background and Aim: The prevalence of gallstones in patients with diabetes mellitus is higher than non-diabetic patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of gallstone formation in type 2 diabetic patients is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was the evaluation of gallbladder motor function as one of the contributing factors to gallbladder dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients by gallbladder ultrasound. Materials and Methods: In this study, case group included 54 patients with diabetes mellitus and control group consisted of 51 age, sex, and BMI-matched healthy subjects. Ultrasound was performed for all subjects in two groups, one in fasting and the other after eating light meals. Gallbladder volume was measured in the fasting state (V1) and post meal (V2), and the resulting ejection fraction of the gallbladder was calculated. Also, in these subjects, demographic variables such as age, sex, BMI and number of births were analyzed. Results: Sex ratio age, number of births and BMI was the same in both case and control groups (P> 0.05). In independent t-test analysis, there was no significant relationship between mean V1, V2 and EF in the case and control groups (P> 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between sex and mean V1, V2 and EF in both groups (P> 0.05). The prevalence of gallstones in the diabetic group was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.026). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirmed the high prevalence of gallstones in diabetic patients but there were no statistical deference between groups for gallbladder motor function. However, probably other factors are involved in the formation of gallstones in diabetic individuals.

Carbonates contaminate soil and water resources. The use of stabilizers is an effective method to improve soil characteristics. The single and interaction effects of two treatments consisting of sodium-silicate and sulfur at 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/m2 were studied on the lime-covered Soil stabilization and water erosion control in a factorial design, on the 9% slope standard plots uses a rainfall simulator with an intensity and duration of 1.4mm/min and 20 min, respectively. The results indicated that between the two the sodium-silicate and sulfur factors, only the main effect of sodium-silicate had a significant effect on the runoff volume, sediment weight, and concentration as well as the runoff coefficient variables; however, it had no significant effect on the total infiltration rate and the lime percentage variables. Moreover, the sulfur and sodium-silicate factors had significant interaction effects on the sediment weight (Sig.=0.011), sediment concentration (Sig.=0.019), and lime percentage (Sig.=0.000) variables. The interactive effect of the two studied treatments significantly reduced the lime in the soil samples. Therefore, the combination of the two treatments had the highest effect on lime stabilization. Moreover, sodium-silicate had an effective role in soil stabilization. Therefore, a single application of 7.5 g/m2 of sodium-silicate and with its combination with 5 g/m2 sulfur is recommended for erosion control and lime stabilization, respectively.

The connection between Arabic and Persian languages has had a long history, and the cultural interaction and interference between these two languages have reached the highest point. Translation has been considered a medium by which a message can be transferred from one language to another with the least impairment. Interjections are language items through which emotional feelings like happiness, sorrow, pain, and regret or unemotional feelings like onomatopoeia are conveyed. This article analyzes the interjections in the translation of the novel “The length of the Night”, which contains a considerable number of interjections. The correspondence between the Arabic and Persian words is analyzed through a one-to-one comparison between the original and the translated text. The results showed that the translator has used good correspondences for the translation of interjections in most cases, and has been able to transfer the message to the target language accordingly. Though, in some cases, he has only achieved partial correspondence and failed to achieve correct correspondence in some others.

Aliname and Khavaranname are prominent examples of religious epics of the fifth and ninth centuries in Persian literature related todescription of the wars under the command of Imam Ali (as). Epic elements are formed according to the content and theme of the stories, and the structure is drawn according to the theme procession. Comparative analysis of modern epic elements in ancient epics is the main topic of this article. In these two poetrypoetries, the main elements of the epic include the story format, heroism, time, place, elements and extraordinary forces.Aliname and Khavaranname are among the Iranian epic works after Shahnameh in terms of literary status. These two epics have common foundations and structural-epic features. The events of both epics are temporally proportional. The epic of Aliname is more about describing Imam Ali (AS) in the battles of Jamal, Seffin and Nahrawanwhile Khavaranname is mainly concerned with the description of Imam Ali's travels and expressions of bravery in land of Khavaran, accompanied by Malik Ashtar, Abolmohjan And Amr Umayyah and other elders of his army and the war with Ghobad, the king of the East and other pagan rulers such asTahmas king, Salsal King and the war with the demon, the dragon and the like.The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of this study indicate that although the two epics are very similar in appearance and epic elements, the theme and form of the epic elements in the stories are different. Although these two books are strong in the field of habit and fiction, the popularity and absence of the heroes of these two poems from high moral qualities have caused the general public to consider the main hero of the story as an example and manifestation of their ideal and epic man.Irrespective of the religious dimensions of Aliname and Khavaranname, in terms of epic aspects, the heroism feature is reflected with the presence of Imam Ali (AS) and other religious figures and heroes of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. In these two religious epics, there are many wars between Muslims and infidels for religious reasons, and in the end, the Muslims win. In describing Karzar Square, these two religious epics are very similar to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh which share exaggeration and forms of imagination with an active manifestation. “Rabi' and Ibn Hussam” imitation of Ferdowsi's expression is quite obvious.In the study of Aliname and Khavaranname, from the narrative point of view, we came to the conclusion that Ibn Hassam and Rabi' used more direct methods in characterization. In other wordsm, bydescribing the characters of the story and by showing Imam Ali as a hero, they made him a "brigade" that seems to be far-fetched and extraordinary in the audience's opinion. Many of the stories in these two epics are strong in terms of plot. The plot of Khavaranname is about the events that are related to the elements of supernatural things or acts that make the story weak and unbelievable.In the field of extraordinariness, with the presence of bold elements such as demons, dragons, magic, as well as the high frequency of objects and strange places in this epic, it can be called the most imaginative epic poetry in Iran. This is despite the fact that extraordinary elements such as dragons and demons are not seen in the poetry of Aliname. In terms of heroism, the goodwill and intimacy of the heroes of these two epics and the absence of high moral qualities have led people to consider the main protagonist as an example and manifestation of their ideal and epic man. In general, Khavaranname is less cohesive in structure than Aliname.

Introduction: Drug and psychotropic use have undesirable and devastating effects on the human body and soul that lead to an increase in family and social insecurity. Due to the difficulty of treatment, addiction prevention is always emphasized in the studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planning behavior on the prevention of psychotropic abuse among female high school students in Ilam, Iran, during 2018. Materials & Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 students who were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups in the academic year of 2018-19. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior, which was used after the confirmation of validity and reliability at pretest and posttest. The educational content was designed based on the theory of planned behavior, and the outcome of the preliminary data was analyzed and administered in five sessions of intervention. The posttest was performed one month after the training, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) through the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1397.022 Findings: The results of covariance analysis and paired t-test showed the significance of the educational intervention in raising the awareness about the behavior of students in Ilam regarding the prevention of psychotropic abuse at an error level of less than 1%. Moreover, the educational intervention was effective in promoting abstract norms and the behavioral intention of students in Ilam, Iran, regarding the prevention of psychotropic abuse at an error level of less than 1%. Discussions & Conclusions: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior has effects on the prevention of psychoactive substance abuse in the intervention group. Therefore, it is recommended that education officials and other relevant institutions make use of educational techniques based on the behavior change patterns, life skills training, and student empowerment in order to prevent addiction.

Background and Objective: Behavioral disorders among children and adolescents are common and incapacitating which cause many problems for the families and the patient themselves and associated with high prevalence of negative social consequences. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in Gorgon, north of Iran (2019). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 1025 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Gorgan, north of Iran (2019). Subjects were selected by Multistage Cluster Sampling. Digital version of K-SADS test was studied for 24 types of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Sampling was done by trained psychologists, among general population and by referring to the house of people. Psychiatric disorders included mood disorders, behavioral disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, substance abuse disorders, and elimination disorders. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents was 13.2%. This prevalence was 14.3 % and 12.1% in males and females, respectively. According to age groups, The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was common in 6 to 9 years olds with 17.8% which in comparison with other age groups was significant (P

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and is underlying cause of liver diseases. Researches indicate that life style modification via changes in physical activity levels and healthy diet can be beneficial for liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on serum levels of ALT and AST. Methods: In a clinical trial, forty obese men (BMI>30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups (10 per each) including 1- Exercise+Sepplement (ES) 2- Supplement (S) 3- Exercise+Placebo (EP) and 4- Placebo (P). The subjects received garlic capsule two times per day (each capsule contained 500 mg garlic powder) or placebo (starch) over a period of eight weeks. The subjects in exercise groups performed a supervised progressive aerobic training (3 times a week, %50-%70 HRmax, 20-40 mins) at the same time. Before and after the experimental period body composition analysis was performed and blood samples were taken in a fasting state. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests at the significance level of P

IIntroduction Improving physical performance and delaying fatigue by using nutritional supplements always has been interesting in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks’ watermelon juice on nitric oxide and exercise performance in elite female taekwondo. Materials and Methods Twenty-five elite female taekwondo players (age 21.84±2.26 yrs; BMI 20.87±1.37 Kg/m2; VO2max 38.86±1.97 ml/min/kg) who had a training experience of more than five years were randomly and voluntary divided into two groups of watermelon juice supplement (n=15) and placebo (n=10). Subjects received 500 ml of watermelon juice or placebo 45 minutes before the taekwondo training sessions for six weeks. Blood samples were taken in the brachial vein in two steps; before and after 6 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test (p≤0.05). Results The results of this study showed levels of nitric oxide (P=0.016) and VO2max (P=0/001) significantly greater compared to the placebo group. Also, there was a significant decrease in muscle soreness 24 and 48 hours after exercise in the supplement group compared to the placebo group (p≤0.05). Conclusion According to the results, watermelon juice will help faster recovery and reduce muscle soreness after 24 and 48 hours follow exercise.

Abstract Existence is the philosophy of the originality of existence (one of the most important and influential schools of philosophy and literature in the world, the birthplace of which is "Europe"). Existence is directly confronted with the borderline situations of "death, suffering, fear, and guilt."Gholam Hossein Saedi (1936-1986), who is known as a modern writer, talks about pain, loneliness, and death. His works represent the literature of existence. Saedi's view of life is noteworthy. In his collection of stories entitled Bill's Mourners, he talks about the pains that have fallen on human spirits, and the atmosphere he depicts is full of fantasy, illusion, stress, economic and cultural poverty of rural and urban life in a way that the reader can not hope for a happy ending in the story. The power of Saedi's writing is rooted in his philosophical, literary, and existentialist thoughts, which modern man has repeatedly observed under the magnifying glass of his literary taste. One of the features of the story of Bill's mourners is sociality. Saedi tries to portray the ugliness, corruption, and inequalities of the society in front of the readers as well as expressing the consequences of this injustice. Most of the contemplations on the content of Bill's mourners' stories have been readable for critics, which is the link between social and personal issues and especially the impact of society on an individual's illness. The features that show the relationship between mental disorders and the social level are listed below: The philosophical despair of the characters are intertwined with social pessimism and social contradictions; The psychology of the masses are illustrated in fictional actions; The villagers take refuge in the city and suffer from immorality and homelessness; The suburbs of cities are suffering from poverty and prostitution; Poverty in the modernized environment is threatening, and a fate awaits people; People ruined by heroism and sanctification; Urban dwellers, like villagers, are plagued by their superstitions; and The result of living in the conflict between tradition and modernity is isolation and loneliness. All the above features can be examined in the context of the borderline situations of "death, suffering, fear and sin". The main discourse of Bill's Mourners is critical, and the predominant themes of the works are the roots of moral corruption and mental illness in the society. Saedi combines attention to the aesthetics and creation of a story with modern methods of storytelling with political and social ideals. For this reason, he is known as one of the writers who pay attention to morals whereas the moralists criticize him. His writing style stands in the opposition to those of contemporary fiction writers. Being influenced by the world literature, he could also be compared to writers such as Dostoevsky, Faulkner, Hemingway, Joyce, and Marquez, due to his political leanings and representing the storytelling in a modern way as well. This influence is shownin two styles: realism in the style of writers such as Chekhov and Dostoevsky; and subjectivism in the format of mental-narrative works of Hedayat, the metamorphosed world of Kafka, the eerie atmosphere of Marquez, and the existentialism of Jaspers and Sartre. As a result, Saedi's thoughts have a strong influence on the philosophers' viewpoints. He seems to know the society, its main pains, and problems. The main themes in his stories are death, suffering, fear, and sin on which the existentialists focus. According to the results of analyzing the story of Bill's Mourners, characters not only do not go beyond the phase of moral existence but also do not get the phase of faith existence. The philosophy of existence has based its analysis of human destiny on three fundamental inferences and considered three signs. The purpose of this article is to clarify the three principles of the entity (benevolence, morality, and faith) in Bill's Mourners.

Objective The analysis of mitochondrial DNA has been a potent tool in our understanding of evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. This study aims to carry outgenetic and phylogenetic analysis on the D-Loop region of the mitochondrial genome in Najdi goats and to evaluate the relations between Najdi goats and other goat breeds available in Iran and around the world. Materials and methods 12 blood samples from unrelated Najdi goats from various areas of Khuzestan Province were collected. After extraction of DNA, a 968 nucleotide fragment of the D-loop region of the mitochondrial genome was amplified and sequenced. Then, the fragments were compared to the other breeds submitted in NCBI database. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA6 software. Results The results showed that the Najdi goat breed classified into A Haplogroup and has the lowest genetic distance with the breeds of Chinese and Pakistani goats. The results of genetic variation led to the identification of 20 mutations with 5 Haplotypes in Najdi goat population. Moreover, the haplotype, nucleotide diversities and the average number of pairwise differences were estimated as 0.727, 0.009 and 0.540, respectively; which indicates a high diversity in the Nadji goat. The results obtained from Tajima's D show that in the population of the Najdi goat, a balanced natural selection is going on and the frequency of rare alleles in this population is very low. Conclusions The genetic diversity of Najdi goats has increased over the years, while the number of livestock in Khuzestan province has decreased. The increase in genetic diversity could be due to crossbreed of this breed with Pakistani breeds and so on. The result of these crossbreeding in the near future will be the extinction of Najdi goats, and this issue requires more attention from the authorities.

Objective: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an effective method for evaluating therelative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). The classical approach considerseach organizational unit as a black box and limits evaluation to primary inputs and finaloutputs and neglects internal processes. This problem with the introduction and use ofDEA in network structures for more accurate performance analysis, taking into accountits internal processes, has been resolved. In most of the proposed models, the inputs andoutputs of DMUs are definite, but in many cases, those data cannot be measured in aprecise way. Therefore, this paper seeks to introduce a new model of Network DataEnvelopment Analysis with a parallel structure by considering inputs and outputs asuncertain variables. The approach used is to develop the mathematical model from atheoretical point of view, to prove the theoretical properties of the model, themathematical validity and its application.Methods: In this paper, the assumptions of uncertainty theory and models of NetworkData Envelopment Analysis to evaluate DMUs with parallel structure and impreciseinputs and outputs.Results: According to the results of the implementation of the proposed model in theSocial Security Organization, the efficiency of all DMUs and its sub-system has beenevaluated between zero and one.Conclusion: Due to the multiplicity of the sub-system, none of the 12-provincial socialsecurity managing directorates as DMUs were efficient (one efficiency score), but among313 branches, three branches were efficient. The final results of the implementation of theuncertain model proved the assumptions of the definitive model.

Translation critique analyzes and evaluates the quality of translation by expressing the pros and cons. One of the critical methods is the application of theories. The theory used in this study on the translation of Ahmad Saadawi's novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" is Garces' theory. This theory was proposed in 1994 by Carmen Garces, which is based on four levels (semantic-lexical), (syntactic-word generation), (discourse-functional), and (stylistic-practical), each level having related subgroups. With the help of these subgroups in the proposed model, it is possible to examine the increase, maintenance (retention), decrease of source language information in the target language, and the positive and negative features of translation. Finally, according to Garces' theory, the adequacy and acceptability of any translation depend on its positive and negative features. In fact, the more positive features a translation has, the more reliable and acceptable the translation will be. This article evaluates the translation of "Amal Nabhani" from the novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" in all four levels of theory. According to this research, in the first level (semantic-lexical) and the second level (syntactic-lexical) of the theory, numerous examples were found in the translation of this novel, and due to having positive features that are more numerous than negative features, this translation is acceptable.

Antoine Berman, a theorist in the field of translation studies, believes that some events happen in translation, especially prose translation, which could be categorized under thirteen titles. He believes that using negative analysis method, we can examine these thirteen categories in translated texts. Implementing this theory on two Arabic translations of Sadegh Hedayat's novel , TheBlind Owl, by Al-Dasughi and Adas, we try to prove that this theory can be considered as universals of translation. The analysis of these translations shows that all the thirteen titles exist in the translated novel except for beautification. The reason for not achieving beautification in the translation of this novel is because it is a modern prose; since the objective of the author and thus the translator of the novel is far from beautifying and using stylistic devices. Finally, despite some drawbacks in implementation, the theory has a relatively efficient framework for reviewing translated texts and can be considered among universals of translation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nicotine is one of the most common addictive substances that has many effects on the central nervous system, including dose-dependent anxiety that is mediated by various proteins. Since the mechanisms and proteins involved in nicotine anxiety are unclear, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of p-CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein) and c-Fos proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on nicotine-induced anxiety behaviours. METHODS: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 7 (saline, nicotine 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in behavioral experiment and four groups of 3 (control: no injection and test, Saline, nicotine 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg) in immunohistochemical experiments. Anxiety-like behaviours were evaluated with % OAT (Open Arm Time), %OAE (Open Arm Entry), and locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze. The expression of p-CREB and c-Fos proteins in BLA region was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS: Intraperitoneal administration of nicotine at a dose of 0.7mg/kg decreased %OAT (5.4±0.42) and %OAE (29.4±0.61) compared to saline group (15.2±0.82) and (42.1±0.45), indicating an anxiety-like effect (respectively, p

Abstract The Dalichai Formation at the Andariyeh stratigraphic section in the northeast of Andariyeh village, central Alborz Mountains, was studied by using analyses of the Sporomorph EcoGroups (SEGs) data and associated plant communities and palynofacies in order to determine its paleoecology conditions. The Sporomorph EcoGroups data from the Dalichai Formation's palynological assemblages, declination of miospores representing Upland/Lowland plant communities and proliferation of those characterizing Lowland/Coastal-Tidal plant associations interpreted to signify relatively low sea level and deposition in a marginal marine setting. Furthermore, the ratios of wetter/drier and warmer/cooler elements suggest deposition of the host strata under a moist, ±warm climate prevailing during the Middle Jurassic in central Alborz Mountains. The results of drawing diagrams of the palynofacies in the Andariyeh stratigraphic section, indicates that the Dalichai sediments accumulated in a dysoxic shallow marine environment with low sedimentation rate that corresponds well with its SEGs graphs. Keywords: Palaeoecology, Dalichai Formation, Sporomorph EcoGroups (SEGs), palynofacies, Andariyeh village, central Alborz Mountains. Introduction The Dalichai Formation is represented by greenish-grey color shales, calcareous shales, marls, and richly ammonitiferous limestones (Steiger 1966), being widely distributed in the Alborz Mountain, northern Iran. It disconformably overlies the dark, siliciclastic coal bearing Shemshak Formation and underlies gradually by the light colored, more uniform Lar Limestone containing chert concretions. The Dalichai Formation is represented the first rock unit of the Jurassic marine sediments of the Alborz Mountain. This formation includes a diverse fauna as ammonites, belemnites, bivalves, brachiopods, echinoderms, sponges, bryozoans and foraminifera (Stöcklin 1972; Sussli 1976; Nabavi & Seyed-Emami 1977; Alavi-Naini et al. 1982; Schairer et al. 1991; Shahrabi 1994; Seyed-Emami et al. 1985, 1989, 1995, 1996; Makvandi 2000; Tutunchi 2001; Shafeizad et al. 2002; Shafeizad & Seyed- Emami 2005; Alvani 2006; Niknahad 2007; Shams 2007; Vaziri et al. 2008, 2011). Due to presence of shale and marl layers, this formation has been the subject of many palynological studies.(e.g. Wheeler & Sarjeant 1990; Ghasemi-Nejad & Khaki 2002; Farisi Kermani 2003; Ghasemi-Nejad et al. 2008; Sajjadi et al. 2009; Sabbaghiyan 2009; Orak 2010; Boroumand et al. 2011, 2013; Ghasemi-Nejad et al. 2012; Dehbozorgi 2013; Dehbozorgi et al. 2013; Mafi et al. 2013; Navidi 2013; Saadati Jafarabadi et al. 2013; Hashemi-Yazdi et al. 2015; Skupien et al. 2015; Hashemi-Yazdi 2008, 2015). The purpose of this study was to determine the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Dalichai Formation based on SEGs data, and quantitative analysis of the palynofacies in the Dalichai Formation at the Andariyeh stratigraphic section, central Alborz. Material & Methods Totally 29 palynologically samples collected from the Dalichai Formation at the Andariyeh stratigraphic section, northeast of Andariyeh village, central Alborz Mountains. All samples were prepared following standard palynological processing procedures (Phipps & Playford 1984), including HCl (10–50%) and HF (40%) utilized for dissolution of carbonates and silicates, respectively. Then the residues were saturated with ZnCl2 solution (specific gravity 1.9 g/ml) for density separation. All the residues were sieved with a 20 μm mesh sieve prior to making strew slides. Three slides of each preparation examined by transmitted light microscope. The slides are stored in the collection of Faculty of Geology, Tehran University, Iran. For quantitative study of the prepared slides, 15 field views were randomly selected from each slide and studied with a 16 x microscope magnification lens. The particles were counted for each sample to determine palynodebries and palynofacies. An examination of facies including identification of palynomorphs, plant remains and amorphous particles, ratios of different particles and their size range in determination the paleoenvironment is very much important. Three main parameters including percentage of palynomorphs, phytoclasts, and organic matter (AOM) transferred to Tyson triple diagram (Tyson 1993) for plotting and interpretations. In addition, The Sporomorph Ecogroup Model (SEG model) of Abbink et al. (2001, 2004a) was applied to the Dalichai Formation. In this model, the miospores are classified as SEGs each, with reference to their parent plants, indicating particular palaeoecological specifications. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Palynofacies data and SEGs used to draw palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental inferences for the Dalichai Formation at the Andariyeh stratigraphic section in central Alborz Mountains. Diverse and well preserved palynofloras embracing miospores, dinoflagellate cysts, tasmanites, scolecodont, acritarchs, and foraminiferal test linings are retrieved from the host strata. Miospores typifying all the six plant communities are retrieved from the material examined. The least and most abundant miospores taxa are those related to Pioneer and Lowland SEGs., respectively, The wet/dry curve (ratio of wetter vs drier elements) reflects variations in humidity and precipitation while the warm/cool curve (ratio of warmer against cooler elements) indicates temperature fluctuations. Quantitative analysis of the SEGs tends to suggest that the host strata accumulated under a moist, warm climate during the Middle Jurassic. Also based on palynofacies studies, a palynofacies of Tyson (1993) (II) was determined that proposed domination of a dysoxic shallow marine environment throughout the deposition of Dalichai Formation. Palynological evidence such as high proportion of the equidimensional opaque palynomaceral to the blade-shape opaque palynomaceral; the high ratio of phytoclasts to marine palynomorphs, and the abundance of transparent amorphous organic matter in comparison to the opaque amorphous organic matter, all indicates that the Dalichai sediments, accumulated in a dysoxic-anoxic shallow marine environment at the Andariyeh stratigraphic section, central Alborz Mountains.

Subculture, which is part of the culture, on the one hand is in on junction with culture and society and, on the other hand, is in conflict with it in some detail; however, this conflict is not so far to lead to a counter-culture or cultural deviation; but the deviation from the original culture is to get privileges of the community dominant culture sometimes obtained by the bargaining. Youth subcultures are referred to in sociological theories, and many sociologists believe, differences in behavior, dress and even speech and thinking with the general culture and persistence on differences by a large number of young people should be studied as youth subcultures. In Shahnameh by Ferdowsi, in the section on Manuchehr Kingdom, Zal and Roudabeh trying to marry can be seen as the most important youth subcultures in Shahnameh. Both face serious objections to the marriage in society and culture, to which they belong. The current paper investigated how Zal and Roudabeh deal with objections, and how they benefit from the culture of their community from the perspective of subculture theory.

This research aimed to identify the theological foundations (beliefs) of Islamic psychology and their role in different domains of this knowledge. The present research applied a descriptive-analytical methodology and identified the basic concepts and teachings included the important theological foundations by referring to Islamic sources. According to the results, believing in monotheism, including inherent monotheism, attributive monotheism, monotheism in creatorship, monotheism in ownership, and monotheism in existential and legislative lordship, is among the most important theological foundations that forms individuals' knowledge, emotions, behaviors, and in general, personality. In addition, the results showed that belief in divine destiny and predestination, and believing that God is just, God is a guider, the creation is purposeful, and belief in resurrection, are some beliefs that have a determinant role in explaining psychology and its prescription and usage.

Iran’s society movement from current situation to preferable developed condition has been turned into a common sense among Iranian scientist, elites and politicians. Politician, elites and scientists of Iran society in their self-consciousness and tangible layer of knowledge believe that using experts and gifted people’ capabilities for development and even through reverse the brain drain absorbing and recruiting trained and educated people into the helping their own country’ development, since human asset is one of the most important driving forces behind development. In this research we dive to concept of brain drain and high skilled diaspora. The primary question here is whether Iranians who are living in abroad are contributing to the growth of their home country. The conventional view conceives of the emigration of citizens from their countries of origin as necessarily depriving their home countries of their services. The proposed methodology for answering this question is causal layered analysis (CLA). According to this methodology, there exist different factors that are conducive to brain drain, which can be categorized as either tangible or non-tangible.

Paul Cézanne, a prominent figure in nineteenth-century French paintings, has proposed a new perspective in his artistic creations leveling fresh criticism at the traditional representation of art. The present article aims to discuss the presence of mind and subjectivity in Cézanne's paintings. To this end, and in order to establish a coherent framework for the current study, this research is carried out based on the concept of "subjectivity" in Kant's thought (one of the eminent philosophers. On this basis, the rational discipline existing in Cézanne’s artwork is then analyzed to represent his mentality of nature. The hypothesis of this study is as follows: On the basis of Kant's perspective, it seems that fundamental role of subjectivity in the development of Cézanne's paintings as the father of modern art can be justified in relation to "understanding" and "subjectivity" in the field of philosophy. The results of this study indicated that Cézanne, as one of the influential figures in modern art represents a mentality which focuses on " Thinker ego (cogitator)", akin to Kant's philosophical quests in opposition to the absolute imposition of outer reality. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical which is analyzed with reference to its data library resources.There are scattered writings on the background of the present study, the most important of which is the article published by "Merleau-Ponty ". Merleau-Ponty (1945), in an article entitled "Cézanne's Doubt “sought to bridge the gap between consciousness and the world with a phenomenological view.

In this research, the electrochemical oxidation of mesalazine was investigated in presence and absence of benzenesulfinic acid and 4-toluenesulfinic acid as a nucleophile using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The results indicate that quinoneimine generated by oxidation of mesalazine, participates in reaction with arylsulfinic acids via Michael addition reaction in a ECC electrochemical mechanism pattern. To approve the proposed ECC mechanism, electrochemical synthesis of oxidation of mesalazine was also performed in the presence of benzenesulfinic acid and the obtained product, was identified by of FT-IR and mass spectrometry spectra. Homogenous rate constants (kobs) of Michael addition reaction for quinoneimine generated by oxidation of mezalasine with arylsulfinic acids, were estimated by cyclic voltamogram digital simulation method.

In this paper, the rice husk has been used as an abundant and low cost precursor to prepare activated carbon with high surface area for removal of alizarin yellow from water. To prepare activated carbon chemical activation with phosphoric acid has been used. Microwave heating source was used to reduce the treatment time and energy consumption of carbon active preparation. The obtained activated carbon was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR techniques. The influences of adsorbent dosage and temperature on alizarin yellow adsorption were studied. The obtained activated carbons showed a good adsorption capacity for removal of Alizarin yellow from water. Adsorption of alizarin yellow onto the prepared activated carbons was studied by thermodynamics, equilibrium and kinetics point of views. Pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Bangham, Langmuir and fractal-like Langmuir models were used to analysis the experimental kinetics data. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Temkin models. The best results to fit equilibrium and kinetic experimental data was obtained with Sips isotherm and fractal-like Langmuir model, respectively. The thermodynamic properties of adsorption were determined by thermodynamics study.

Katebi Nieshaburi is one of the famous poets of ninth century AH and is a pioneer of the Indian style. His divan (collection) of Ghazals (sonnets) has been corrected and published only once using a limited number of manuscripts. The published divan of sonnets of Katebi does not include all of his sonnets; so that there are 124 sonnets more than published version in other manuscripts that the correctors have not used them. In addition to the corrected divan, there are shortcomings that necessitate re-correction of this divan. There are defects such as lack of complete introduction and tables of content, lack of a section called glosses, incorrectness of the alphabetic order of sonnets for easy reference, existence of mistypes, missing words and incorrect refrains and so on, which necessitate exact correction of this eminent poet for eliminating these shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the dimensions the defects of the Katebi’ published divan and to provide a context for improvement. To correct the problems in divan, seven new manuscripts were not used by the correctors. Because none of the manuscripts is significant in terms of accuracy, dating, and completeness over the other, problems in the published version of divan have been corrected by the eclectic method.

Centuries after Maqameh had come to the fore, stories by the name of ''Picaresque'' began to be written in Spanish literature which had numerous similarities with Maqameh. Picaresque can be regarded as the evolutional forms of romances with a different subject matter. Lazarillo de Tormes is the first picaresque story which has been written in 16th century in Spain. Narratives of picaresque have numerous similarities with present-day stories, so much so that, some designate Don Quixote de la Mancha- one of the latest picaresque- as the first novel. Since Spain was conquered by Umayyad dynasty, connections were formed between Arabs and Spanish which lead to scientific, artistic, and cultural exchanges and bilateral use of cultural resources. Since picaresque was formed in Spain and because of its similarities to Maqameh, the hypothesis comes to the fore that it originates from Maqameh. This has been referred to in some works which we have made mention of them in the literature. However, we oppose this hypothesis by showing their differences and foregrounds of Picaresque in Europe as well as its social-historical factors. In 4th Islamic centuries, a species of prose came to the fore in Arab literature which was called Maqamat. It rapidly gained prominence because Arabic prose in this era had been tended to decorum and artifice and the appearance of Picaresque paved the way for the pens who adored artifice. Mohammad Taghi Bahar believed that Maqameh was a translation of "Gath'' in Mazdayasna (Zoroastrianism) which has survived after Islam. These excerpts in Mazdayasna were melodious and its syllabic poems had symmetry, balance and interval silences; just how Maqamat seems to be (Bahar, 1349, 2nd v: 234). Picaresque was a story written by a picaro in which a satire of his era and the people is narrated (Sibre, 1389:4). This literary genre appeared in 16th century in Spain and spread to other European countries like France, Italy, Germany, and England. The myth of Hermes can be regarded as the prototype of picaro. According to Greek myths, he was the god of roads, commerce, fortune, sports, and rhetoric. Hermes used to deceive people and trickery was one of his features (Manser, 2009: 219). Picaresque can also be a mixture of "picaro", "picador", "Picards", and "picaroon". Maqamat in its theme is influenced by the social and cultural situation of its era. Beggary, deceit, and tongue are some common themes of Maqamat which is a mirror of the social and cultural situation of that time. Picaresque is in its turn a micro history conflated of literary and historical narratives which its roots should be sought in humanism (De Haan and Mierau, 2014: 1-2). Since picaresque has come to the fore because of a protest to the feudalism of Spain in 16th c and the quasi- religious reign of the era, has been labeled as humanistic works. Considering similarities of Maqameh and picaresque, the appearance of Maqameh six century before picaresque and in Spain, the hypothesis has taken some force because Arabs lived and ruled Spain in that period and the bilateral relationships of them cannot be neglected. Nonetheless, these similarities do not provide a solid ground for the hypothesis because these similarities are there in postmodernism, symbolism and Persian classic literature. In addition to differences between the two which outnumbers their similarities, the second reason to reject the hypothesis is the fact that picaresque came into the fore influenced by a foreground of European story writing, holy Books, romance, Aesop's fables, The Fabliau, joke books, novella, and etc. the third reason is the social-cultural condition of Spain in 16th centuries and the influence of the life of picaro, Picards, picaroon; just as the influence of the rhythmic style of Quran and traditions of Abu-Zayd Sorooji, Abbas doos, Tarrar Basrah is evident. Furthermore, the fact is that picaresque was not directly influenced by Maqameh because of the three explicit intertextual relationships (quotations, plagiarism, and implicit intertextuality), none can be trace in picaresque from Maqameh. Picaresque should be considered as the product of Spanish social condition of that period of time, not an imitated one nor influenced by eastern prose. This story genre, indeed, was taken from the lives of the poor and picaro of that era of Spain which criticized feudalism, quasi-religious reign, and churches. It is a satire on the miserable state of the poor and their hopeless struggle for bread. At best, Maqameh can be considered as one of the foregrounds of picaresque.

Due to the importance of research-based comparison of different languages and the impact of the discovery of the connection linkages language and therefore, the intellectual and cultural development of language users, this study adopted the method of analysis and interactive discussion of subordinate clause in Farsi language, investigated response and its expression manner in Arabic, then deals from the perspective of comparative order to express the position of each function in both Persian and Arabic, therefore the expression manner and function of subordinate clauses in Persian language and its equivalent and consonants in Arabic language will appear. In addition, Similarities and differences of the two languages will appear. Among the achievements of this paper is that the type of expression in Persian and Arabic with significant similarities, have some disagreements too. So that subordinate clause in Persian language With the same in Arabic expression manner from the perspective of Persian and Arabic Scholars, expresses with two different names. the importance and result of these content and research will appear in Translation of Arabic into Persian or in converse.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the presence and attentions received by Iranian highly-cited articles in the field of medical science, in various social media platforms. Methods: This descriptive and analytical survey was conducted using scientometrics and altmetrics indicators. The study population comprised of 1288 highly-cited papers from Iran in Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database during 2007-2016. In addition to Essential Science Indicators, Web of Science and Altmetric Explorer database were utilized for data gathering, too. Results: 0.27% of the total publications from Iran in the field of medical sciences were among highly-cited papers (top 1% with the highest number of citations). Moreover, Iranian researchers contributed in 0.28% of world highly-cited papers in the field of medical sciences. 85.5% of Iranian highly-cited papers were mentioned at least once in social media platforms. Mendeley and Twitter were the most promising altmetrics sources for Iranian highly-cited papers in the field of medical sciences. Investigating the characteristics of highly-mentioned articles showed that they had similar publishing patterns. All five highly-alted papers in social media, were produced through international research collaboration, had more than 10 authors, and were published in the Lancet journal. Conclusion: Comparing to other subject categories, the altmetrics coverage of highly-cited papers in the field of medical sciences was in an acceptable level. Considering the positive and statistical significant association between the number of citations received by papers and their altmetrics scores, we can conclude that highly-cited papers from Iran in the field of medical sciences attract high attentions in social media as well.

Designing an appropriate industrial clusters model as a general method in the regional economy is an important problem for economic and industrial development planners. Paying attention to the objectives of sustainable development and the green economy, in addition to the traditional objectives of economic growth, is the need of countries today. In order to meet the goals of sustainable development, the multi-objective mathematical programming and dynamic model of industrial clusters was designed and tested to optimize four objectives: profit, employment, cost of transportation of materials and environmental appraisal score of the cluster. In designing parts of the model in the assignment of firms and the establishment of relations between and within cooperation networks, the concepts and research literature of cellular manufacturing were used because of proximity of the concepts and extent of studies in this field. The problem solving results by decomposition methods and weighting functions objectives with experts' opinion and analysis of experiments confirmed that the optimal results of experiments have been presented 99% improvement in minimizing the metric function of the model.

Introduction: Citrus nematode is one of the most important damaging nematodes of citrus trees, spreading widely in most areas under citrus planting causing dieback, the gradual decline of trees and crop decrease in citrus orchards. Eighty citrus cultivars and species are sensitive to this nematode. From other nematode hosts, we can refer to olive, fig, medlar, persimmon, pear and grapevine. Surveys Full filled in Mazandaran province is indicative of the widespread of this nematode in citrus horticulture and the level of infection in some samples is so high, thus it is necessary to use different ways of controlling this parasite. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out for 2 successive years and the reaction of sin citrus rootstocks including Citromelo, Poncirus, Sour Orange, Bakraee, Rough lemon and Off-type to citrus nematode under controlled conditions in the greenhouse was evaluated. Three months years old plants of this rootstock Were planted in completely random design with 5 replications in pots containing the population of 40 larvae per cubic centimeter of soil and after six months, the level of infection of roots was investigated and then the most tolerable rootstock for nematode was introduced on the basis of the least population of young females and adult females injected in one gram of root volume. Results and Discussion: Experiment results on the basis of LSD test in two successive years indicated that there is a meaningful statistical difference between Citrumelo and poncirus Poncirus with the least population of nematode of adult female on the root and other treatments the results show that sour orange and off-type rootstocks are the most sensitive to citrus nematode, poncirus Poncirus and Citrumelo are the most tolerable to nematode Bakraee and Rough lemon are in the biotype group with average tolerance (relatively sensitive) to citrus nematode. Purpose of this research is to assess the sensitivity level of six citrus rootstocks including Citromelo, Poncirus, Sour Orange, Bakraee, Rough lemon and Off-type some of these rootstocks are common citrus rootstocks in the North and south citrus regions of the present time, therefore it is necessary to choose appropriate rootstock. In addition to it, another purpose (aim) of this research is to assess tolerance of new off-type biotype, produced from citrus breeding programs, to citrus nematode under greenhouse conditions in comparison with Citromelo, Poncirus, Sour Orange, Bakraee and Rough lemon which are common citrus rootstock in the North and South provinces of the country. Bakraee is one of the natural types of citrus used in citrus regions of Fars, Hormozgan and Kerman as rootstock of mandarin and orange cultivars for many years. Introductory surveys concerning Bakraee tolerance to coldness, the rot of crown and root, and diseases such as Tristeza, Exocortis and Cachexia were carried out but its tolerance to citrus nematode has not surveyed yet. Recent molecular surveys showed Bakraee relationship with Rough lemon beside, because of appearing unknown disease of citrus trees decline on Bakraee rootstock from the beginning of 1389 in Jiroft mountainous regions, doing etiology studies and investigating its tolerance to disease factors such as citrus nematode is of great importance. Since this nematode is soil parasite and can live in the depth of soil, its chemical control is very difficult. Despite the fact that one of the control methods of it is soil sterilization before citrus planting, but because of increasing environmental risks and bad effects on human health, it is recommended that resistant rootstocks such as Poncirus should be planted in the nematode soil. Also, it is necessary to control plants in selling time from the aspect of infection and, if necessary, to sterilize infected plants in order to prevent infection spread and build healthy orchards. Therefore regarding the fact that rootstocks of Poncirus and Citromelo are resistant to Tristeza and gummosis and identifying their resistance to citrus nematode, so planting of these rootstocks in the North of the country can be effective in managing citrus nematode in infected areas. In fact, investigating resistance of common rootstocks in the region and having access to resistance sources can be regarded as a method for sanitation of plants and as a result for controlling this nematode and increasing yield in the region. Also, the results of this survey can help horticulturists to introduce and produce appropriate rootstocks in the south of the country.

Background & Aim: Tracheal suctioning is one of the ways to clean and open the airway in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit that can be with many negative consequences such as pain, decrease in arterial oxygen saturation, pneumonia, heart rhythm disorder, change In the rhythm and number of respiration and sepsis. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study with IR.UMSHA.REC.1395.424 ethical code, was performed on 120 preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit of Besat and Fatemieh Hospitals of Hamedan. Firstly, before suctioning the patient, the heart rate index of the newborn that needed to be suctioned was registered by the researcher in three shifts based on the findings of the direct monitoring of the infant. The heart rate index was re-recorded during suction. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression tests. Results: Infants with a catheter of 6 to 9 french were suctioned at 80 to 85 suction pressure. In 26% of cases, the suctioning standards for the duration of suction, standard pressure and proper size of the catheter were not observed. There was a significant difference between the change in heart rate index and pain score (P=0.001). Conclusion: Failure to observe suction standards in premature infants can lead to changes in heart rate index and increase their basic needs, which can impair the recovery process of preterm infants.

Maximal covering location problem is one of the most important network location problems that is used in various applications. To improve the application of the maximal covering location problem (MCLP), several capacitated MCLP models were proposed. However, most of these models assume only one fixed capacity level for facilities. This assumption may limit the application of the capacitated MCLP. In this paper, a dynamic modular capacitated maximal covering location problem (DMCMCLP) is proposed and formulated that the limited capacities of facilities is designed into two levels of determining allocated modules and their sizes for facilities at each potential site. To evaluate the performance of DMCMCLP, a numerical example has been solved and DMCMCLP is compared with dynamic maximal covering location problem (DMCLP). The results confirm superiority of the proposed model comparing to the DMCLP model. Moreover the sensitivity analysis confirm the performance accuracy of the proposed model.

Yield prediction for agricultural crops plays an important role in export-import planning, purchase guarantees, pricing, secure profits and increasing in agricultural productivity. Crop yield is affected by several parameters especially climate. In this study, the saffron yield in the Khorasan-Razavi province was evaluated by different classification algorithms including artificial neural networks, regression models, local linear trees, decision trees, discriminant analysis, random forest, support vector machine and nearest neighbor analysis. These algorithms analyzed data for 20 years (1989-2009) including 11 climatological parameters. The results showed that a few numbers of climatological parameters affect the saffron yield. The minimum, mean and maximum of temperature, had the highest positive correlations and the relative humidity of 6.5h, sunny hours, relative humidity of 18.5h, evaporation, relative humidity of 12.5h and absolute humidity had the highest negative correlations with saffron cultivation areas, respectively. In addition, in classification of saffron cultivation areas, the discriminant analysis and support vector machine had higher accuracies. The correlation between saffron cultivation area and saffron yield values was relatively high (r=0.38). The nearest neighbor analysis had the best prediction accuracy for classification of cultivation areas. For this algorithm the coefficients of determination were 1 and 0.944 for training and testing stages, respectively. However, the algorithms accuracy for prediction of crop yield from climatological parameters was low (the average coefficients of determination equal to 0.48 and 0.05 for training and testing stages). The best algorithm i.e. nearest neighbor analysis had coefficients of determination equal to 1 and 0.177 for saffron yield prediction. Results showed that, using climatological parameters and data mining algorithms can classify cultivation areas. By this way it is possible to identify areas that have similar climate to prone areas and recognize suitable areas for cultivation.

Introduction: The climate of every region does not let to have year-round production of crops. Use of plant growth regulators allows to produce the flowers out of season and improve their quality and yield. Gibberellin is one of the plant growth regulators which can substitute cold requirement of plants, while cytokinin is another plant growth regulator to stimulate floral initials. Paclobutrazol is a triazole compound that inhibits gibberellin synthesis. Cineraria (Pericallis × hybrida) as a prominent flowering pot plant has a growing demand during the spring festivals especially Nowrouz, which needs further improvement of quality and yield. In this regard a study was designed to examine the morphological characteristics of cineraria using gibberellin, cytokinin, paclobutrazol and cold. Materials and Methods: Seeds of cineraria (Pericallis × hybrida cv. Satellite( were sown in plug trays at the research greenhouse of college of agriculture, Shiraz University. A study was carried out with a completely randomized design and five replications. Control plants were transferred to incubators at eight leaves stage to receive six weeks of cold. Spraying treatments consisted of control (water), 100 mg/L gibberellin at three times (before cold, middle of cold and after cold), combinations of cold and/or gibberellin (100, 200 mg/L) with benzyl adenine (150, 300 mg/L) and/or paclobutrazol (250, 500 mg/L). In order to better understand the effects of paclobutrazol, its treatments were applied two weeks after gibberellin treatments. Data analysis was done by SAS 9.1 software and means were compared by LSD at 5 percent probability level. Results and Discussions: Gibberellin can be used as a replacement for cold. The maximum acceleration of full flowering (32 days) and the greatest delay of full bloom (14 days) were observed in 100 mg/L gibberellin + 250 mg/L paclobutrazol and 200 mg/L gibberellin + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine, respectively. These results were consistent with other studies on iris, lily, tulip and hyacinth. The highest longevity of cineraria was observed in 100 mg/L gibberellin + 250 mg/L paclobutrazol (31.8 days) which showed increasing of 24 days compared to control. Gibberellin and cytokinin lengthened the life of flowers, while paclobutrazol reduced the ethylene production and delayed the senescence. The greatest shoot fresh and dry weight was evaluated in 100 mg/L gibberellin + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine, while paclobutrazol decreased the plant growth. Similar results have been reported in zinnia and geranium. Gibberellin and cytokinin increased leaf area, while paclobutrazol decreased it. The highest leaf area was detected using 100 mg/L gibberellin + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine. . Maximum flower number was obtained using 100 mg/L gibberellin + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine, while the lowest number was obtained by 100 mg/L gibberellin + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol application. In addition, observations in orchid and jasmine were showed similar result. Gibberellin enhanced and paclobutrazol decreased plant height. plants Spraying with 200 mg/L gibberellin and cold + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol showed the maximum and minimum height, respectively. Similar observations have been found in cyclamen and tuberose. number. . Also, Paclobutrazol application enlarged flower diameter. The greatest enhancement of flower diameter ( 1 cm) was found by cold + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol spray. Flower diameter improvement is related to the severed growth, height and flower number by paclobutrazol. Flower diameter reduction in higher concentrations using gibberellin and cytokinin may be attributed to increasing translocation of carbohydrates to shoots and vegetative growth rather than flowers. Osteospermum and chrysanthemum showed similar and opposite results, respectively with this study. The effect of chemicals inhibitor depends on the number of applications, environmental conditions, plant sensitivity and how it is used. The bestvisual quality was detected in cold + 150 mg/L benzyl adenine, 100 mg/L gibberellin + 150 mg/L benzyl adenine and cold + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol. Application of cold + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol showed dwarf form, compact inflorescence and widened flower diameter. Additionally, minimumvisual quality was evaluated by cold + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine which may be related to decreasing calcium uptake and subsequent lateral shoot bending. Conclusions: Spraying with gibberellin, benzyl adenine and paclobutrazol had a positive effect on morphological traits of cineraria and increased its growth and development. Cineraria’s limited cultivation, due to its six weeks cold requirement, could be overcome by gibberellin application. Application of cold + 500 mg/L paclobutrazol increased flowers and new compact form. Generally, 100 mg/L gibberellin + 250 mg/L paclobutrazole spraying could reduce cineraria’s growth period for 32 days and make a new dwarf form. Overall, 100 mg/L gibberellin + 300 mg/L benzyl adenine spraying reduced cineraria’s growth period for 21 days and also increased its fresh and dry weight, fresh root weight, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, visual quality, flower number and flower longevity compared to other treatments.

Abstract Background and aim: Recent research has suggested that exercise training is potential to influence the process of programmed cell death. However, little is known about the effect of high intensity endurance exercise on apoptotic factors. Therefore, in the present study the effect of high intensity endurance training on p53 and cytochrome-c gene expression in male rats' Soleus muscle was investigated. Methods: In this experimental study sixteen 3-month-old male rats were randomly divided into two groups of endurance training (n=8) and control (n=8). Exercise program included three months endurance training at the intensity of 75-80% of VO2max with the frequency of 5 days per week. Forty-eight hours following the last training session, the soleus muscle of the animals were extracted and p53 and cytochrome-c gene expression were assessed using Real Time-PCR method. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significance level of P

Background and Objectives: Regular physical activity is associated with improved quality of life and reductions of cancer-related mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Moreover, Aloe vera may have anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. In the current study, the effect of 6 weeks of swimming trainings along with Aloe vera supplementation, was investigated on serum levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in mice with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 35Balb/c mice were acclimatized with laboratory conditions and swimming trainings, then mouse adenocarcinoma tumor balk was transplanted subcutaneously and after a week, they were divided into 7-animal groups, including exercise, exercise + extract, extract, and control (cancer). The fifth group )as the healthy control( included 7 mice. The exercise groups underwent swimming training for 6 weeks, and the extract groups also received 300mg/kg/day of aloe vera extract for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the right ventricle 48 hours after the last session. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the significance level of p

Background & Objectives: Apoptosis in skeletal muscle plays an important role in disease-related tissue dysfunction such as muscle atrophy. Current evidence suggests that exercise training may alter apoptosis-related signaling and enzymes in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three-month aerobic training on AIF and caspase-9 gene expression in male rat soleus muscle. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted as a two-group experimental design and sixteen 3-month-old male rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=8) and control (n=8). Rats in trained group participated in the aerobic training program for three months (75-80%). 48 hours after the last training session, the soleus muscle of rats were extracted and AIF and caspase-9 mRNA were evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Independent-samples t-test was applied to analyze the data (P

Background and Objectives: Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure. Some evidences suggest that exercise training may alter apoptosis-related signaling in somatic tissues such as the myocardium. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of treadmill aerobic training on cytochrome c and caspase-9 gene expression in cardiac muscle of male rats. Methods: This study was conducted as a two-group experimental design project (animal model) on 16 3-month-old male rats. Animals were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups of aerobic training and control (8 animals each). Animals of the training group underwent an aerobic training program for 12 weeks (75-80% VO2max). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, their hearts were extracted and cytochrome c and caspase-9 genes, were evaluated by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using independent t-test at the significance level of p

AbstractThe simultaneous determination of New fushin and Victoria blue mixtures by spectrophotometric method is a difficult problem in analytical chemistry, due to spectral interferences, by multiariate calibration methods, such as partial least square (PLS) regression, it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration valuse of the mixtures used in the calibration range. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is a preprocessing technique used in the information unrelated to the target variables based on constrained principal component analvsis. OSC is a suitable perprocessing method for partial least squares calibration of mixtures without loss of prediction capacity using spectrophotometric method. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 400-700 nm range for 25 different mixtures of New fushin and Victoria blue Calibration matrices were formed form samples containing 0/75-7/5 and 1/5-18 mg/L for New fushin and Victoria blue, respectively. The RMSEP for New fushin and Victoria blue with OSC-PLS were 0.0435 and 0.0477 µg/mL, respectively. This procedure allows the simultaneuse determination of New fushin and Victoria blue in synthetic and real samples and good reliability of the determiation was proved.

In this research, optimization of examinations' timetable for university courses, based on a real problem in one of the universities in Iran is studied. The objective function defined for this problem is more practical and realistic than the other objective functions that have been utilized by previous researchers in literature and effectively reflects the real objective of the problem. In order to define the objective function, we have made use of Coulomb's law in electricity that says the magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. We have defined a repulsive force between any pair of Examinations. The optimum solution is achieved when the sum of all forces is minimized. Hence, the obtained mathematical model is a non-linear programming with binary variables, similar to the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) which is an NP-Hard problem. This sort of problems can be solved exactly only if they are in small sizes. For solving this problem in medium and large scale, some methods are used based on Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and Imperialist Competitive algorithm (ICA). These algorithms can reach good sub-optimal solutions in a short period of time. Practical results of this mathematical model are already used in one of the national universities in Iran. The practical results demonstrate the high efficiency and effectiveness of this model.