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Public libraries have become one of the biggest powerhouses for the production of knowledge and information by having various sources and references that their effective and efficient management can have a significant impact on the development of users' information literacy. The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of knowledge management in improving the information literacy of public library users and providing a suitable model. The research method was a combined method using the metacomposite technique, content analysis and Delphi to identify and categorize the components of management-knowledge and information literacy, and then the survey method. The statistical population included 284 librarians and 45582 users, 181 librarians and 497 users were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool included two researcher-made questionnaires for knowledge management and information literacy, derived from the theoretical and experimental background of the research, which was approved by the expert team. The method of data analysis was structural equation modeling. The findings of the research showed that the level of establishment of four components of knowledge management in public libraries of Khuzestan province is higher than average. Also, the level of users' enjoyment of the eight components of information literacy is also higher than average. As a result, a proposed model, while confirming the main and sub-hypotheses of the research, showed that the implementation and establishment of knowledge management has been effective in improving the information literacy of public library users in Khuzestan province.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of senior managers 'brand-centered leadership on brand commitment among employees in the presence of mediating variables of employees' knowledge of brand, psychological contract and brand-to-staff fit between Karaj Capital Bank employees. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study is 60 employees of Karaj Capital Bank. Because of the limited population of the population, a census or integer was used to select the sample. The research was conducted through the design and distribution of a questionnaire in the form of a face-to-face researcher. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed by SPSS and PLS software. The results of data analysis showed that brand-centered leadership of senior executives through staff knowledge of brand has a positive and significant effect on brand commitment. Brand-based leadership by senior executives through psychological contracting has a positive and significant effect on brand commitment. Brand-based leadership by senior executives has a positive and significant effect on brand commitment through employee-brand fit.

The purpose of the study is the effect of information technology capabilities on the relationship between individual, group and organizational factors with knowledge retention in Khuzestan Steel Company. The study was practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The research population was 15,000 employees of Khuzestan Steel Company, of which 555 were selected using simple random sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire based on previous studies in the five-point Likert scale using the field distribution method. The face validity of the tool and its reliability were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.737). the data were analyzed by SEM in Amus software. Based on the results of the bootstrapping analysis, the full effect of individual factors on knowledge retention and maintenance (β=0.331) and the indirect effect with the mediating role of information technology capabilities (β=0.156); The full effect of group factors on the retention and maintenance of knowledge (β=0.342) and the indirect effect with the mediating role of information technology capabilities (β=0.080); and the full effect of organizational factors on knowledge retention and maintenance (β=0.631) and the indirect effect with the mediating role of information technology capabilities (β=0.118) are significant at the level (P

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the functionality of the GILS standard in the development of the smart government. This research was conducted using documentary and observation methods. The statistical population of this research was the metadata elements of the GILS as well as the components of the smart government. A survey tool was used to collect the required data for the research. The findings of this research showed that the main components of the smart government are grouped into 18 axes with 75 partial components. To create a smart government, components like information technology, cyber security, transparency and access, digital identity, privacy and data security, interoperability, ethical and legal considerations, and digital empowerment have been proposed. The elements used in the GILS standard are placed in eight general categories, which are: simple description elements, subject description elements, URIs, resource formats and technical features, administrative details, administrative metadata, source/reference and access/copyright conditions. Each of these categories consists of several main and sub-elements. the findings of the research revealed that the GILS can be used in the development of a smart government in various dimensions. One of the strengths of this standard, which increases its functionality in the smart government, is the use of appropriate descriptive and management metadata to access government data. Determining and describing the required metadata. using metadata, storing metadata, managing and maintaining metadata, determining access and permissions are among the most important applications of the Government Information Locator Service in the smart government.

Inter-organizational knowledge sharing is crucial for the scientific, social, and economic development of societies. Knowledge sharing processes and systems are challenged not only by individual and organizational factors but also by social, technical, and political inter-organizational contributors. The majority of existing researches have focused on situations such as interactive supply chains, virtual organizations, and multinational organizations, so that it can be said that Inter-organizational knowledge sharing is neglected in collaborative processes. This paper examines inter-organizational knowledge sharing in a collaborative project in which independent public organizations work together for providing social care for students. This research aims to investigate the impact of the variables of knowledge worker, peers, inter-organizational knowledge-sharing system, organization, and coalition on sharing knowledge in multiple inter-organizational relationships. This quantitative correlational study employed a 44-item questionnaire, which was distributed among the system users in Alborz province. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula, and for sampling, proportional stratified sampling method was used. The SmartPLS3 software was used to develop a confirmatory factor analysis model and structural equations, while SPSS software was employed for descriptive statistical tests. In this study, the impact of the knowledge worker, peers, sharing system, organization, and coalition on knowledge sharing via interorganizational knowledge sharing systems was confirmed, among which the variables of the knowledge worker and peers exerted the greatest impact on knowledge sharing which shows the main priorities of managers to improve knowledge transfer functions in this system.

The purpose of this research was to design the business ontology of Ehya Sepahan company based on semantic web data models. This research was conducted using qualitative analysis and design method The population of this research was all the entities of Ehya Sepahan company, i.e. data resources, human resources, organizational posts, the desired processes of the organization and various departments of the mentioned organization, as well as the classes and attributes in the organizational ontology. Observation and documentary methods and checklist are utilized for gathering required data.The findings of this research showed that the entities of Ehya Sepahan company are devided to internal and external entities. On the other hand, the findings revealed that most of the attributes considered for company entities are presented in the schema.org standard. So, all the mentioned attributes for Organization, Person, Website, Product entities in the schema.org are consistent with the attributes needed to describe the company entities. On the other hand, the investigation of organizational ontology showed that this ontology has 9 entities and all these entities were used to design the ontology of Ehya Sepahan company. As a result, a suitable ontology was implemented for participating in the Knowledge discovery and Representation (KDR) software. In general, it can be stated that organizational ontologies are one of the efficient tools for accurate description and knowledge discovery of data entities of organizations that can be used to facilitate and speed up processes and decisions in the organization.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the key components of knowledge technology mastery from the point of view of experts.Methodology: In order to collect information, library and field methods have been considered. First, the performance evaluation components of knowledge technologies were obtained by Delphi method. Then, to compare these components, a questionnaire was distributed among faculty members and doctoral students of information science and epistemology in Tehran state universities, and AHP method was used to analyze the data. Spss 25 and Expert Choice 11 software were used for data analysis.Findings: In the Delphi phase, 10 main financial indicators, system quality, system infrastructure, knowledge technology service quality, knowledge technology architecture, user interface, user satisfaction about the system, the value of work results, perceived benefits and benefits of the system , being up-to-date was detected. the financial component is in the first degree, system quality in the second degree, system infrastructure in the third degree, user interface in the fourth degree, knowledge technology architecture in the fifth degree, knowledge technology service quality in the sixth degree, user satisfaction about the system. In the seventh grade, the value of the results obtained from the eighth grade card, and the perceived advantages and benefits of the system and being up-to-date were ranked in the ninth grade.Value: The results of this research can be used to evaluate the performance of knowledge technologies.Conclusion: through evaluation, it is possible to help advance and improve the performance of the organization.

Objective: Knowledge management is the process and the collection of methods relating to creating, organizing, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization. knowledge management Contains maintaining information in a knowledgebase where it is easy to access. Also, it refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieve organizational goals by Optimal use of knowledge. Much organisational effort has been put into knowledge management initiatives and information technologies can provide a potent means for organizations to manage their Organizational information and experiences. Creating, gathering, organizing and disseminating organizational information is one of the main activities of knowledge management. The current research was conducted with the aim of applying knowledge management in promoting and improving the educational status of managers and employees of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch. Methodology: This research is of an applied type, which was carried out in a survey and descriptive manner. The statistical population includes all managers and employees of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch, according to Cochran's formula, 15 managers, 93 female employees and 107 male employees were considered as samples. The sampling method in both groups of managers and employees was random-stratified. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In this research, descriptive methods were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires. At the descriptive level, using characteristics such as abundance was dealt with the analysis of the characteristics of the society and Kolmogorov-Smirnov's normal test were used to examine the hypotheses, binomial test. Findings: The findings showed that knowledge management is effective in promoting and improving the educational status of managers and employees of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch. Also, creating knowledge with an average of 40.09, absorbing knowledge with an average of 26.74, and organizing knowledge with an average of 36.81 have a confirming role in promoting and improving the educational status of managers and employees of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch. Conclusion: Information sharing, collection of professional experiences, organizational interaction at different levels of the university along with creativity of methods and application of information systems play an important role in the development of knowledge management system. Better understanding of knowledge management by employees and specialists, holding knowledge management training courses and workshops, using a comprehensive knowledge management measurement system, creating a knowledge base to organize organizational information, launching a system of suggestions to strengthen the educational process and benefit from organizational experiences, using technologies Up-to-date for optimal management of organizational information and continuous assessment of knowledge management status is one of the suggestions of this research.

Objective: In this research, by comparing the features of the Qur'anic manuscripts of the Herat method in the Timurid and Safavid periods, it was seeking to identify the prescription pillars of these Qurans, and based on that, it identified other Qurans whose authorship and artistic style were unknown.Methodology: This research has been carried out in terms of developmental goal and descriptive and analytical method with purposive sampling from among 21000 Quranic manuscripts available in the manuscripts’ treasure of Astan Quds Razavi Library, which is the statistical population of this research. Due to the lack of access to the original sources, the information gathering tool is the library catalogs and the information checklist obtained from the objective Qurans, which is based on the analysis of the bibliographic information of the reference and precious the Qurans of this course.Findings: Based on the characteristics of the scribe's promotion and the bibliographic information of the library catalog from the Timurid period, Quranic booklet 416 and Mushaf No. 153 and from the Safavid period Mushaf No. 281, 206 and 210 from the Herat method were identified as reference and Musahafs. Their bibliographic information was analyzed in a comparative manner and finally it was determined that among all the features and pillars of bibliographic science, four features of the decorations of the Fatiha al-Kitab tablet, the script of the surahs, the decorations accompanying the text of the Quran and the composition of motifs from are the most important features that can be used to identify the Qur'anic manuscripts of this method of art in the researched periods.Conclusion: By studying the findings of the research, it was found that it is possible to identify the Masahifs of the Herat method based on the elements of epistemology. The results of this research determined that: 1) the design of the Fatih al-Kitab surah, these decorations took up more space on the page in the Safavid period, and the margin of the tablet is two-part wide with an azure background and narrow with a black background, and a half-orange is drawn on the margin and the beginning of the surah is in Rafa's script. In the Timurid period, an azure part and a nim- toranj motif are not drawn on the border, and the head of the surah is decorated with Kufic script. 2) The decorations accompanying the Qur'an text, khoms va ‘ashar in the Timurid period are in the form of an almond and a circle, respectively, while in the Safavid period it is in the form of a circle. 3) The composition of motifs, in the Timurid period, is dominated by Islamic motifs and Roman motifs, but in the Safavid period, alvan Khatai motifs were drawn.

Objective: This research aims to explore the applicability of the long-tail theory within the context of electronic bookstores, using the Taaghche bookstore (Taaghche.com) as the main study case. The long-tail theory posits that cultural products, especially books with low sales but wide variation, occupy the tail of the distribution, while high-selling items with limited variation are situated at the head of the distribution. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that as the tail becomes heavier, there is an increase in variation among low-sales products. Furthermore, it posits that the revenue generated from the tail could equal or even surpass the income from the head of the distribution.Methodology: This research relies on quantitative data and employs an analytical survey method for analysis. The sample, drawn from the Taaghche electronic bookstore, consists of literature storybooks that are generally well-received. The data was collected in collaboration with Taaghche and subjected to statistical analysis.Findings: The results indicate that as the number of books increases, the long-tail distribution becomes a more appropriate fit. Furthermore, by identifying the point where sales rates in the head and tail are equal, the tail of the plot lengthens and approximates the 98 percent Anderson rule. This suggests that 98 percent of the books have been sold at least once a year.Conclusion: The results present a counter-example to the Pareto principle, which suggests that an increase in the number of available books leads to increased sales of other books. It is recommended that electronic bookstores expand their range of books, as this has a positive and direct impact on the visibility of other books. The findings clearly demonstrate that increasing the number of books not only creates a long tail in sales but also enhances the visibility of other available books, which is an intriguing observation. Generally, it can be inferred that as the number of books in an electronic bookstore increases, the findings align more closely with the long tail principle. Achieving the long tail implies an increase in the variety of books, which benefits the readership. Given today’s technological advancements and the proliferation of online communication networks and electronic bookstores, many limitations of physical bookstores, such as product storage space and accessibility, have been reduced. This development allows people worldwide, with diverse interests, tastes, and fields of study, to access electronic bookstores in the shortest possible time. Now that electronic bookstores are not constrained by physical space for book storage, it is advantageous to collaborate with publishers to expand the diversity of their books as much as possible, ensuring the satisfaction and welfare of a broader audience.

Objective: The current research seeks to identify and analyze the most important trust-building factors affecting the sharing of organizational knowledge in the field of knowledge management to provide the basis for proper management and proper planning for managers of organizations.Methodology: The present research was conducted using the methods of Systematic Review and Delphi. The participating experts in Delphi were selected by purposive sampling. The selected experts were professors of information and knowledge science, sociology, and management in university with scientific and research experience in knowledge management and organizational trust. In order to analyze the data, frequency distribution, mean, agreement coefficient, one-sample t-test, and Friedman ranking were used.Findings: The research findings showed that the trust-building factors affecting knowledge sharing could be categorized into six general dimensions, including organizational trust factor, mental norm, and attitude towards knowledge sharing, external motivation, internal motivation, and organizational support. Among the effective factors from the point of view of experts, the factor of organizational trust, with a total Mean of 4.86, has the most impact, and external motivation, with a total Mean of 4.14, has the least impact on knowledge sharing. The effects of the factors on the components of knowledge sharing also showed that the effect of organizational trust on the intention to share knowledge, with an average of 4.91 and a consensus index of 1.9, has the highest average and value of the consensus index, Vice versa, the effect of the external motivation factor on the component Knowledge sharing behavior has the lowest value with an average of 4.09 and a consensus index equal to 1.38. Also, the factor prioritization index results showed that the organizational trust factor has the first rank with a Mean rating of 4.45. After that, the factor of internal motivation and attitude to knowledge sharing with a similar Mean rank equal to 3.77 in the second rank, the factor of organizational support with a Mean rank equal to 3.50 in the third rank, the Mental norm factor with a Mean rank equal to It ranks fourth with 23.3 and external motivation factor ranks fifth with a Mean rating of 2.27.Conclusion: The results showed that for efficient knowledge sharing and creating a dynamic platform, the attention and appropriate policy of managers and knowledge management professionals to improve the culture of knowledge sharing among different organization departments seems necessary. In this regard, organizations are suggested to facilitate employee knowledge-sharing by strengthening trust-building factors and motivational stimuli.

Objective: Gamification is an innovative approach that uses attractive and fun game elements in the real world to increase user engagement and motivation and provide sustainable experiences. By identifying the components of documenting experiences, the present study aims to present a conceptual model of documenting the experiences of university faculty members based on the gamification framework of Octalysis Chou. Methodology: In terms of the objective, the current research is of an applied type, which was carried out with a qualitative approach and a Meta-synthesis method based on the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso and MaxQDA software. The statistical population of the research includes all scientific works related to documentation of experiences, knowledge management and gamification in the period from 2006 to 2023 (corresponding to 1383 to 1402), of which 85 works were selected for review and analysis. Findings: Finally, out of 187 codes, 75 indicators of documentation of experiences were extracted from the studied scientific sources and included in 16 components and 8 drivers of the Octalysis framework, including epic meaning & Calling (first driver), Development & Accomplishment (second driver), Empowerment of Creativity & Feedback (third drive), Ownership & Possession (fourth drive), Social Influence & Relatedness (fifth drive), scarcity and impatience (sixth drive), unpredictability & curiosity (seventh drive) and finally loss and avoidance (8th Pishran), were categorized and based on that, the conceptual model of the research was formed. In general, it can be said that the conceptual model presented with the gamification approach can help motivate faculty members to document their experiences. Conclusion: In the design and implementation of the model for documenting the experiences of faculty members, it is necessary to include the identified motivational indicators and components related to the Octalysis gamification framework, such as indicators and components related to individual attitude, knowledge management system achievements, individual and organizational achievements, autonomy, Self-efficacy, providing feedback, user accounts, trust, formal and informal experience sharing platforms, organizational communication, curiosity, reward unpredictability and fear of experience sharing should be considered. The implementation of these indicators can change behavior, increase participation, commitment and encourage faculty members to share experiences, increase effectiveness, reduce rework and financial costs in the country's higher education system.

Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing the role of preservation of works in Iranian libraries, and specifically, the National Library of Iran as an authority among Iranian libraries.Methodology: The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and was conducted with a qualitative research approach. The method of documentary analysis was suitable for the current research. Therefore, 36 selected national, academic, medical sciences, public and digital libraries inside and outside Iran were investigated and in some cases through e-mail and communication with libraries, the desired information received. Also, in data analysis, primary, secondary and classification coding has been used.Findings: The analysis of data from the research and open coding indicates that 116 primary codes, 188 conceptual codes, 227 categories and 5 classes were obtained. The analysis of data from the research and open coding indicates that 116 primary codes, 188 conceptual codes, 227 categories and 5 classes were obtained. The findings of the research show that the solutions and recommended policies of copyright in libraries can be classified into five classes. The moral and economic; non-profit use, license and agreement, fair use and violation of copyright are the most important in the development of copyright policy of printed and digital resources in libraries.Conclusion: The libraries can provide legal and authorized services to users by having a copyright policy and a legal framework. Also, libraries can use the solutions proposed in the current research, such as creating the "rights and access" field in library software, using permission to access certain resources, and using technical control measures. Copy and access to protect the intellectual rights of the owners of the works, use the form "copyright registration of works", create a copyright office/center and the like to provide proper services to the users and protect the rights of the creators. In addition, it is suggested to the legislators to prioritize the approval of the bill of literary and artistic property rights and related rights, which has been compiled since 2005. This bill has tried to resolve some of the ambiguities in The Iranian Law for the Protection of Authors, Composers and Artists Rights (1970), and to resolve some ambiguities related to libraries and its exceptions. Also, the ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty, which Iran has accepted since 2014, can take a small step in providing optimal services to the target users of the treaty. Because this is the only treaty that has paid attention to the access of the mentioned groups to the resources by considering the author's right.

Objective: The system of ideas and needs to fulfill their missions (facilitating the application of knowledge, monitoring and processing the needs of the country, the participation of experts in problem-solving, completing the chain of ideas until the commercialization of innovations), regular communication channel. It is active and dynamic, creating interaction between the "need holder" and "idea provider." The main goal of the current research is the applicability of the ideas and needs platforms with an exploratory approach based on the opinions of subject experts. Methodology: The type of current research is applied. This research was done with a survey method and an exploratory approach. An exploratory approach has been used because the national "NAN" system has been investigated in this research. In this research, which was conducted with Nielsen's 10-point applicability exploratory evaluation model, the system of ideas and needs (NAN) was investigated in an exploratory manner. The data collection tool in the present study is a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the ten components of Nielson's exploratory usability model. In order to check the content validity, the questionnaire was given to five subject experts, who were asked to evaluate and edit the items after reading the questionnaire. The content validity index was calculated to check content validity. The content validity index for the whole questionnaire was 0.97. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in SPSS to check the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86. Data analysis was done at two descriptive and inferential levels. At the descriptive level, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the inferential level, repeated measurement, independent t, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Findings: The evaluators of the Nan system found that this system is in a "favorable" state regarding web usability. Based on this, the average answer of the participants is equal to 210.45, which is significantly larger than the theoretical average (192) (P = 0.02). In evaluating the web usability of the NAN system, gender (P = 0.50) and experts' work experience do not make a significant difference (P = 0.40). Between academic and non-academic experts, only three components of the studied components, helping the user in identifying, diagnosing, and compensating for errors, preventing errors, and diagnosing instead of reminding (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04 and P = 0.01) is a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The NAN system is favorable in most evaluated components based on the experts’ idea. This finding shows that the designers of this system paid attention to the design standards of web systems and user interfaces at the time of design. It is worth noting that the systems that are in good condition from various perspectives must be evaluated continuously and regularly, and the necessary measures must be taken to redesign and update the system with continuous interaction with the end users.

Objective: With extensive changes in educational environments, such as changes in students' needs, different teaching methods, changes in the characteristics of educational environments, and changes in teachers' demands, the need to acquire new knowledge is of great value and encourage teachers to actively participate in the yourself knowledge sharing process with colleagues seems essential, because acquiring new knowledge can have a positive effect on the level of learning, creativity, innovation, readiness for change and flexibility of teachers and increase their job success. But despite the many benefits inherent in knowledge sharing, many teachers refuse to share their knowledge with others. Hiding knowledge is a relatively common phenomenon in educational organizations and schools, which leaves destructive effects. For various reasons, teachers may not share the knowledge related to their job with other colleagues and in some cases, hide the knowledge from them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effective variables on reducing knowledge hiding in the organization. It is likely that variables such as psychological ownership of knowledge, altruistic behavior and intrinsic motivation are effective in increasing or decreasing knowledge hiding. Thus, the purpose of this research was the moderating role of altruism behavior and intrinsic motivation in effect of knowledge psychological ownership on knowledge hiding behavior in teachers. Methodology: Type of research, descriptive correlation and statistical population including teachers in Aran & Bidgol City that sample size was obtained equal to 250 people through the Monte Carlo model. The research tool included four questionnaires of psychological ownership of knowledge, altruism, internal motivation and knowledge hiding. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed as construct, convergent and divergent. The reliability of questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha for psychological ownership 0.74, altruism 0.77, intrinsic motivation 0.84 and knowledge hiding 0.71. The data analysis of the research was done at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 26 and Smart Pls software. Findings: The results showed that the mean of variables of psychological ownership and knowledge hiding were lower than criterion score and altruism and internal motivation were higher than criterion score. The path coefficient of variables showed that psychological ownership with (Beta=0.24) has a positive & significant effect on knowledge hiding, altruism (Beta=-0.17) and intrinsic motivation (Beta=-0.16) has a negative & significant effect on knowledge hiding. Conclusion: Considering the positive and significant effect of intrinsic motivation and altruistic behavior in reducing the negative effect of psychological ownership of knowledge in knowledge hiding behavior, it can be seen that the moderating role of intrinsic motivation and altruistic behavior in reducing knowledge hiding behavior is significant and confirmed. Because motivation theory emphasizes the motivations that lead people to exchange knowledge and broadly determines knowledge behaviors, and altruistic behaviors consist of helping colleagues in the performance of their duties. That is, if teachers who have a high sense of psychological ownership may hesitate to exchange and share knowledge when requested due to internal motivation and altruistic behavior. Thus, it can be said that hiding or sharing knowledge depends not only on the level of one’s property relative to the purpose of ownership, but also on internal motivation and altruistic behavior. To prevent this phenomenon among teachers, the sense of collective ownership instead of individual ownership should be strengthened among teachers.

IntroductionThe situation of university libraries in Iran shows that due to the existence of a gap between strategy development and implementation, these organizations have not achieved much success in implementing their strategies, and there is a fear that the developed strategy, like the strategic plans of most organizations, will remain theoretical or its implementation will be postponed. Therefore, in the current research, it was decided to first examine the strategic plans that have been developed and implemented by the world's top academic libraries based on the Times ranking, and based on that and relying on the specific conditions of the country, a strategic plan for Iranian academic libraries will be developed. The current research sought to provide a simple and practical framework for the custodians, practitioners, and those interested in Iranian university libraries, so that based on this framework, they can provide a road map for activities and practical actions in libraries. It is expected that this research will be the starting point for the formulation of comprehensive and large national programs that will help to improve reading and study as well as the development of reading culture in the society. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the strategic plan of academic libraries in the world and to present a proposed model for Iranian academic libraries. Literature ReviewA review of the conducted researches shows that the ever-increasing complexity of activities and continuous changes in organizations have made managers face new challenges that neglecting them will lead to irreparable consequences. Surveys indicate that the existence of a strategic plan helps to improve the performance of libraries and defines the direction of the organization and can provide a clear understanding of the performance of the library to the authorities and the user community. Investigations show that various researches have been conducted on the presentation of strategic plans, and on the other hand, the review of previous researches indicates that a large percentage of the proposed programs were only suggested and not implemented. This reason led to the present research, in order to provide a strategic plan for university libraries in Iran by using the strategic plans of the best university libraries in the world. Outside of Iran, many studies have been done to develop a strategic plan for libraries. Most of the mentioned researches have presented the findings obtained from the formulation or implementation of a strategic plan at the micro and macro levels of the activities of a university library. Methodology The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and it is hybrid in terms of method. In the current research, library, Delphi, and descriptive survey methods have been used. In this research, three questions have been raised, and to answer them, special tools related to each have been used. In response to the first question of the research regarding the identification of university libraries that have a strategic plan, first by referring to the website of the studied university library, if they have a strategic plan, the plan was extracted and stored, and if there was no section on the website under the title of the management plan. Ask me through the department or ask the librarian about the strategic plan of the library, and if no answer was received from this department, in the last step, the public relations manager or the director of public services of the library followed up on the strategic plan of the library and whether it was or not. The strategic plan was determined. In order to answer the second question of the research, which sought to identify the main criteria in the strategic plan of university libraries, the libraries that had a strategic plan were identified in the first stage, and in the second stage, their plans were analyzed and evaluated, and the principles of each of the plans were extracted. According to the reliability standard law, if the principle was common in at least 70% of the strategic plans, it is chosen as the principle of the strategic plan. To answer the third question of the research, after extracting the principles of the strategic plan of the library, a list consisting of various principles that are important in presenting the strategic plan (based on the main criteria of the strategic plan of the world's university libraries) was prepared. Then, with the Delphi method, the list was provided to 14 experts in the field of information science and epistemology and university libraries in Iran who had the experience of managing university libraries. In the last stage, according to the obtained results, a model for a strategic plan in Iranian university libraries was presented. The research community for identifying the strategic plan of the world's university libraries included the libraries of twenty-five top universities based on the Times ranking in 2020-2021. In the Times ranking system, educational, research, welfare, cultural and service criteria are emphasized, so they were chosen as the research ranking system. Results The results of the research showed that all the studied university libraries have a written strategic plan, but the strategic plan of 4 university libraries of Yale, Pennsylvania, London School of Economics and University of Washington is not up to date and out of date. Also, according to the investigations, the strategic plan of two university libraries, Stanford and Massachusetts, does not have a time frame. But most of the strategic plans developed for a period of 2 to 5 years have been presented. A brief look at the structure and content of the strategic plan of the world's academic libraries shows that the emphasis on the introduction section, necessary actions, implementation schedule and the mission of the library is more important than other components. The result of the analysis carried out in the current research; the strategic model of Iranian academic libraries is as follows. The proposed strategic model for Iranian academic libraries should include introduction, summary, mission, goal, vision, planning and implementation. Discussion In this research, the strategic plan of 25 university libraries ranked 1 to 25 in the Times ranking was examined and evaluated. According to the surveys, all 25 university libraries had a written strategic plan, which shows the importance of having a strategic plan for university libraries. The studied university libraries had a section entitled About Us on their home page, which was part of the strategic plan. In the survey that was conducted, strategic plans were presented in three ways. The first picture is that the different parts of the strategic plan were presented in a list form and by clicking on each part, the related information was provided. The second form was that a brief introduction of the strategic plan was placed on the site and the link to download the strategic plan was next. And the third form was that the strategic plan was fully presented in this section. In some university libraries, the presented program was complete and comprehensive with all the necessary details mentioned, and in others, the program was presented in a brief form, and finally, a model was designed for the program. The noteworthy point in the strategic plans of university libraries was the importance of the university to the strategic plan of the library, in several cases of the investigated libraries, the strategic plan of the library was presented as a part of the strategic plan of the university. Also, according to the surveys, most of the strategic plans had a time frame and their goal was to focus on the time frame of 3 to 5 years. The existence of a short period of time indicates continuous changes in organizations and the need to review and update the strategic plan. Considering the rapid scientific progress and the need to change university policies, updating the strategic plan is very important for the university library, and libraries should always have short-term, medium-term, and long-term plans to achieve great goals. ConclusionAccording to the research conducted on the strategic plan of university libraries, in most of the strategic plans, the introduction section of the library, necessary measures to carry out the strategic plan, the schedule of the implementation of the strategic plan and the missions of the library were present, and this shows the importance of the mentioned items. The purpose of the strategic plan is to provide a better vision of the library and plan it for a better future. Therefore, the existence of the library introduction section, which includes a brief introduction of the university, introduction of the library, history of the library, number of library resources, different sections of the library, library facilities, locational and physical condition of the library, and information of this kind, is very important and almost in most programs. The subject of this section was to provide information in summary or complete form. The next thing that is very important in the presentation of the strategic plan is the necessary measures to achieve the goals of the library during the strategic plan. In this section, all the activities that the library must do according to the strategic plan to achieve its ultimate goal are presented. Most of the investigated libraries were very careful about this issue, and in some programs, the actions were divided by library departments or by library goals, and the indicators of their achievement were provided. The third part that is very important in the strategic plan is the discussion of the implementation schedule. Due to the rapid growth of science and the change of programs and the change of the scientific course of the country, it is very important to pay attention to the schedule, the strategic plan should be up-to-date and adjusted according to the needs of the society at the present time. Also, the strategic plan should be evaluated at certain time intervals and if there is a weakness or problem, it should be fixed. Another part that was important in the strategic plans was the discussion of the library's missions. The clarity of the missions facing the library helps to define the framework of the strategic plan, and the strategic plan is set based on the missions of the university library.

IntroductionWith the tremendous growth of the Internet from the 1990s to the present, a variety of innovative technologies have emerged that enable users to interact virtually. Metaverse is one of the technologies that has attracted attention. In fact, it is a new technology brought about by augmented and virtual reality, which integrates new technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and virtual reality. In Metaverse, users are able to communicate with each other in virtual space instead of physical communication. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the development barriers of Metaverse in digital libraries.Research Question(s)What are the causal conditions for identifying metaverse development obstacles in digital libraries?What are the background conditions affecting the identification of metaverse development obstacles in digital libraries?What are the intervening conditions in identifying the development obstacles of metaverse in digital libraries?What are the strategies to identify the development obstacles of metaverse in digital libraries?What are the consequences of identifying the development barriers of metaverse in digital libraries?Literature ReviewMetaverse is a combination of two words, Meta+ Universe. Each of these two words has different meanings. The word meta is derived from the Greek root "beyond" and verse is derived from the word "universe" meaning "world". As a result, the word metaverse means a world beyond the real world. Metaverse is a virtual world where users can experience all the activities they have in the real world in the virtual world. Many experts in this field believe that the further development of Metaverse will not affect the daily lives of companies and people, but its impact on culture and society, in general, is undeniable (Yufu. et.al, 2023؛ Mohammad Hasan, 2023(. Since 1999, the growth of information technology has transformed the future of information systems (Arshad, Ameen, 2019). Hence, information technology increases the speed of operations and reduces costs and ultimately has made a major difference in how libraries do things (Thimm, 2017). As organizations that store and retrieve information, libraries are voluntarily or involuntarily influenced by new technologies. In recent years, smart libraries have been created with the growth of technology from terms such as digital, virtual, and electronic libraries (Gul and Bano, 2019). One of the types of libraries that can be imagined in the field of virtual reality or metaverse is digital libraries. It is a new type of traditional library in which time and place do not matter and users who have the necessary information are given the opportunity to find the resources they need in any situation (Rahmani, 2022(.MethodologyThe current research is qualitative in terms of purpose and implementation method. The approach considered in the present research is based on the basic theory, which is a method utilized in qualitative research according to inductive methods. For this purpose, it starts with sampling, data collection, and at the same time coding and data analysis. Data analysis is done based on open-source, central, and selective sources, which will continue until theoretical saturation. In the present study, the steps of work are as follows. First, sampling was done from among the research population, followed by formulating interview questions, collecting information, coding and analyzing data, open coding, and selective focus, and the conceptual model was formulated based on answers to the research questions. In the present study, the statistical population included 10 university specialists who were selected by purposive sampling. The sample size was calculated based on the theoretical saturation principle. In fact, the researchers did not identify any barriers to the interview after holding the interview, so two other interviews were held. The inclusion criteria of selected specialists were membership in educational and academic institutions, fields of study being related to digital libraries and Metaverse (information science and epistemology, computer, architecture), having books and articles related to the current research field, and interest in participating in interviews. Due to the closure of educational and academic institutions in the summer, most of the interviews were held by phone. The research tool was semi-structured interviews in the field of developing Metaverse libraries in digital domains. Open, central and selective coding method based on grounded theory was used to analyze the data. "user understanding", "heady library", "economic status", "technology literacy level", "cultures and values", "background and experience", "user needs". Intervening conditions include "limited resources", "high speed of change", "uncertainty in the future of the Metaverse", "human factors". Strategies include "education and awareness", "collaboration with technology companies", "development of technology infrastructure", and "research and development" and messages include "access to information", "non-compliance with standards", "security and privacy risks", "non-acceptance by users".ResultsThe findings of the research show that there are 53 central themes in the form of causal conditions as follows. "Existence of a problem or issues involved", "individual factors", "organizational, managerial", "technology", "political", "social", "institutional"; terms of the fields include "technology development", "user understanding", "heady library", "economic status", "technology literacy level", "cultures and values", "background and experience", "user needs". Intervening conditions include "limited resources", "high speed of change", "uncertainty in the future of the Metaverse", and "human factors". Strategies include "education and awareness", "collaboration with technology companies", "development of technology infrastructure", "research and development" and messages include "access to information", "non-compliance with standards", "security and privacy risks", and "non-acceptance by users".DiscussionIn explaining the result, it can be said that according to the codes extracted from the interviews, the causal conditions involve individual, organizational, managerial, political, institutional, social and other factors that create a barrier in the formation of Metaverse in digital libraries. In addition to the causal conditions, intervening and contextual factors were also considered and investigated. In the intervening factors, those factors such as limited resources, high speed of technological change, uncertainty in the future of Metaverse, and human factors were identified. Moreover, contextual factors including users' understanding, economic status, technology literacy level, cultures and values, background and experience, and users' needs were identified. Therefore, according to the abovementioned obstacles, the strategies of education and awareness, cooperation with technology companies, development of technology infrastructure, and finally research and development were extracted. The strategies show both positive and negative reactions of the emerging Metaverse phenomenon on digital libraries. Finally, the consequences of Metaverse in digital libraries include lack of access to Metaverse and its development, reducing access to information, non-compliance with standards, security and privacy risks, non-acceptance by users, which result from strategies.ConclusionBased on the results, it can be said that there are various obstacles in the development of Metaverse. When these obstacles are identified and the necessary solutions are provided to solve them, it can be said that libraries will have new opportunities to provide services to their users with the development of Metaverse. By thinking creatively about how to use this technology, libraries can become valuable educational and social platforms.

Introduction In today's societies, extensive and rapid developments in the world of technology increasingly account for information, which is considered a basic component of socioeconomic, socio-political, and cultural development (Naveed and Aiin, 2017). In this vein, the ultimate user has to possess strong information literacy skills in tackling a variety of information options in such a world with superior and complex technology (Becker, 2018).Self-efficacy is a multidimensional structure that is evaluated at different academic, social and emotional levels. Academic self-efficacy is related to an individual’s sense of ability to manage learning activities, master coursework, and meet academic expectations (Morris, 2001). On the other hand, social intelligence is what makes people perform well in the areas of living. Considering the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), a person with social intelligence should have three capabilities: the ability to understand and predict other people’s behavior and feelings and to understand verbal and non-verbal messages in human relationships (social information processing), the ability to involve new social situations and make social adaptations such as active listening, acting assertively, etc. (social skills), and the ability to actively behave according to the situation, time and place (social awareness) (Silvera, Martinussen & Dahl, 2001)Literature ReviewConsidering the past and present literature review, there is a significant correlation between information literacy and students' self-efficacy (Haghi, 2014, Maghsoodi and Esmaili Shad, 2017) and hence it is concluded that the greater the individual’s feeling of competence, the higher perseverance, flexibility and the ability to face challenges in solving information problems in modern life.Considering the review of literature, many studies have examined the relationship between individual's belief in self-efficacy and information literacy and intelligence, but few studies have examined the effectiveness of teaching information literacy skills in social intelligence and the level of students' self-efficacy in problem-solving with an experimental approach. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to explore whether teaching information literacy skills has an effect on social intelligence and the students’ level of self-efficacy in solving problems.MethodologyIn terms of purpose, the present study was applied and in terms of procedure, it was an experimental study of a correlational nature with an experimental interventional approach (pre-test-post-test design with a control group) based on Solomon's four-group design. This research design consisted of four participating groups, two experimental groups and two control groups.The statistical population of the research comprised all master’s level students of the Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch in the Departments of Humanities and Engineering in the year 2021-2022. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan Table, 76 people were selected as the sample of the study and were then divided into four groups by stratified random sampling method. Afterward, a pre-test was administered to one of the control and experimental groups. To conduct the research, the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) (2001) and Scherer et al.'s Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) (1982) were used.In order to determine the effectiveness of information literacy skills, the information literacy skills training package was used which consisted of: skills, including defining information needs, finding information, evaluating information, organizing information, and exchanging (disseminating) information, for which 8 sessions of 45 minutes were scheduled and for each session, a specific topic, goal and working method were determined.The data extracted from the research instruments were analyzed using SPSS 22. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests were used to validate the normality of the error distribution, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and independent samples t-test were used to test the research hypotheses.Results The findings of the research showed that teaching information literacy skills had a positive effect on increasing the level of social intelligence in the participants of the experimental groups. Also, the results of the test showed that teaching information literacy skills had a significant effect on the students' self-efficacy in solving problems, but there was no difference between the students’ fields in the post-test in terms of social intelligence and their self-efficacy in solving problems.Discussion Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be suggested that teaching information literacy skills can improve the students' performance in problem solving by increasing social intelligence and self-efficacy. Also, high self-efficacy can play a crucial role in the desire for success and a sense of self-worth and self-confidence.In general, under the influence of individuals’ social intelligence, variables such as individuals’ competence in information literacy skills can affect their participation in personal and social communication and its quality. Therefore, an effective information literacy training program is needed to increase the students’ self-efficacy at all levels of different university disciplines.ConclusionThe research results highlight the beneficial effects of teaching information literacy skills on improving social intelligence and cognitive abilities of students in boosting their level of self-efficacy in problem solving.

Introduction The purpose of the current research is to design a knowledge management system performance evaluation model in the software industry using a neural network. Based on the collected data, a quantitative study was conducted to confirm the findings obtained from the qualitative stage. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. The research method in the quantitative part is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research was made up of all software developers and software experts in universities and companies. Findings: 7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, knowledge management tools, and 29 sub-categories were identified. The innovation of the research is building a model using neural network algorithms that have the ability to predict the performance evaluation index of the knowledge management system and the impact of each of the indicators using a neural network in the field of software. Conclusion: The results obtained from the questionnaire have been used for the input of the network model, the results showed that components such as technology infrastructure factors and functional factors have a greater impact on the evaluation of knowledge management performance in software development.Literature ReviewIn a research, they evaluated the performance of the knowledge management system in Iranian software companies. The results showed that the knowledge management system consists of 4 processes of identifying and creating, recording and maintaining, sharing and applying and internalizing knowledge. In a research, they designed a fuzzy inference system to evaluate the performance of the knowledge management system in the software development industry. The use of neural networks in evaluating the key factors of the knowledge management system in Iranian companies based in Alborz province was investigated. A research modeled an organizational knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence. Fuzzy theory was used to create knowledge extraction mechanism and reference model library from project model to dedicated reference model.MethodologyThe method used in this research is a mixed research method of exploratory type with a qualitative approach and meta-composite and Delphi methods. In the first stage, the meta-composite method was used to identify the main and sub-categories of the indicators, and then the validation and presentation of the final indicators were done with the fuzzy Delphi method. The current research method is practical in terms of purpose. The sample size was selected by simple random sampling method with Cochran's formula of 186 people. In the meta-combination method of the research, library sources and documents including articles, reliable and referable internet sources, as well as domestic and foreign scientific reports were used. For exploratory study and extraction of categories related to evaluation factors, the meta-combination method (Sandelowski and Barroso model) was used. Factors and dimensions of knowledge management system evaluation for which indicators are considered were provided to 20 members and experts. The implementation of the Delphi panel was carried out in two periods. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen and identify the final indicators and to answer the first and second questions of the research regarding the agreement of the experts of the research community regarding the obtained components, which includes software experts and knowledge management experts. 7 main categories including individual factors, organizational factors, technology and infrastructure, functional factors, knowledge management tools, economic factors, and 29 sub-categories were identified. In order to collect quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire (40 items) was used, the items of which were taken from the results of the meta-composite analysis in the first stage. In this research, in order to check the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.89 for infrastructure factors and 0.88 for functional factors, respectively.Results In this research, the performance of the knowledge management system was evaluated with a neural network approach. Examining the results showed that the following components affect the evaluation of knowledge management performance in the software development industry. 1. Individual factors 2. Economic factors 3. Organizational factors 4. Knowledge management processes 5. Functional factors 6. Technological infrastructure factors 7. Knowledge management toolsDiscussionSolutions to improve the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry were presented: • Adjust the strategies in such a way that the creation of new knowledge, the application of new knowledge, its dissemination and sharing, and the storage and documentation of knowledge are explicitly considered. • Identifying influential people in the process of implementation and establishment of knowledge management, to improve the effective factors in the effective establishment of knowledge management more than in the past. • Developing procedures for documenting the experiences of experts in the software development industry on a continuous basis. • Managers and practitioners of the software industry should also consider parameters such as available budget, organizational culture, infrastructure, etc. • To provide the relevant managers and practitioners with a criterion for reviewing future policies and investments and help them make more appropriate decisions.ConclusionIn this research, 29 primary indicators have been identified based on the research literature, which include: • Organizational culture for sharing and using knowledge • Organizational Structure • The physical environment • Organization strategy • Support of senior managers such as motivation and commitment • Supporting innovations and digital technologies • Specialized knowledge of software development • General knowledge in software development • Involvement of developers • Education • Being up-to-date in the fields of specialized software • Knowledge and awareness of the knowledge management system • Correct understanding of system design requirements • Portals and portals of knowledge such as the Internet and email and social networks • MIS, Expert, DSS systems • Data warehouse - knowledge warehouse • Search and recovery tools and dashboard • Data security • The degree of integration of organizational systems • Quality of knowledge • Document management • Data management and workflow • Process Management • Creation and acquisition of knowledge, transfer and sharing of knowledge • Acquisition and use of knowledge • Operating cost of the software • Cost of software support.

IntroductionThe use of metadata in various information contexts such as cultural heritage contexts (libraries, museums, and archives) requires proper management. Using metadata, especially during the production or before publication of the content objects, is an appropriate solution; because it provides the ability to identify, evaluate, select, explore, and manage content objects in various information storage and retrieval systems. Each library and information center needs a range of metadata standards to manage content objects and facilitate and expedite access to them. In most cases, a single standard cannot meet all needs or support all intended functions. In other words, not all elements of a metadata standard are applicable to a particular library or information center. The solution offered by the information and knowledge organization field, especially the metadata field, is an application profile to solve the problem of the non-applicability of a metadata standard and its set of elements in a particular library or information context.The Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.) have a collection of valuable ancient resources and objects, which its printed resources and written heritage have been organized, and their bibliographic information is available for viewing and use by clients through the Azarsa Software. A vast number of written and audiovisual documents, along with over 7,000 historical artifacts, have been registered and recorded in this center. The purpose of the current research was to design a metadata application profile for describing and organizing (processing) the content objects of the Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.).Literature ReviewApplication profiles emerged after criticisms were made about the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) for being simple and proposals to expand or complete it through other metadata standards (Tennis, 2015). Application profiles provide a mechanism to extract the elements required, appropriate to the characteristics of a database or information centers, link between these elements, and present them in the application profile form. Non-use of an application profile causes local needs not to be considered in the metadata schema, and this causes the database, digital library, or information centers to face many problems during the use phase (Najafzadeh, 2016).Application profiles consist of metadata elements from one or more standards that are implemented, combined, and optimized according to the local environment. Combining multiple standard metadata schemas to develop an application profile enables metadata to have a higher level of standardization, organization, and interoperability, and to be easily shared among many organizations (Nonthakarn & Wuwongse, 2015). Application profile consists of four main components: application, entities, entities’ properties, and property’s value (Gerontakos & Riesenberg, 2021, p14). From Taheri's point of view (2014, p154), the birth certificate of each metadata application profile element has 13 components. These components are: name of term, label, defined by, source definition, library definition, description, type of term, refinement(s), refined by, encoding scheme, obligation, data type, and occurrence. These components are generally mentioned in the table form.Libraries, archives, and museums have been important institutions that have facilitated access to all kinds of information in the form of diverse content objects and have led to the cultural and educational progress of the society. These institutions in the current information society need to describe and organize their content objects, and metadata tools are very helpful in this field. Therefore, some of the best places to design, use, and exploit application profiles are libraries and information centers.MethodologyThe research method was practical in terms of the goal, which was carried out with an analysis approach. The research community was the employees of the organization department and managers of the Library, Museum and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.) and elements, attributes and properties of the metadata standards of the cultural heritage context (library, archive and museum), which were selected by purposeful sampling method. The data collection method was structured observation and the tools were interviews, questionnaires, and checklistsResultsThe findings showed that in order to describe and organize (process) the content objects of the Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.), three separate metadata application profiles are needed for the library, museum, and archive. The metadata application profile designed for library, museum and archives content objects had 53, 83, and 27 main and sub-elements, respectively. Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), UK Collection Management Standard (Spectrum), and International Standard Archival Description (ISAD) had the highest number in the metadata application profile in the contexts of library, museum, and archives, respectively.ConclusionThe design of a metadata application profile will lead to the proper description and processing of content objects, more convergence of the cultural heritage context, as well as better management of metadata. This is done according to local context and needs, and it will increase the access points, retrieval, and interoperability with other information management systems and libraries

IntroductionRecently, the development of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction has highlighted the increasing importance of language challenges in information retrieval. The crucial role of language in disseminating, accessing, and retrieving information cannot be studied independently of syntax and semantics. Explaining and describing research in this field from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and understanding researchers' trends, is an important step in comprehending the significance of syntax and semantics in communication structures within modern information search and retrieval environments. Consequently, in this descriptive and analytical study, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of studies in the field of syntax and semantics in information retrieval. Literature ReviewIn recent years, there has been a lot of interdisciplinary research focusing on investigating the impact of language on the interaction between users and the web environment. These studies have discussed the language from various perspectives and have explored information retrieval across different types of information media, including web databases, search engines, commercial websites, and libraries. Tapsai (2019), Norouzi and Hamavandi (2018), Hammo (2009), Lazarinis (2008), Ofoghi, Yearwood & Ghosh (2006) have focused on different languages such as Persian, English, Arabic, and Greek. The findings show that the syntax and morphology, as well as the semantics of searched terms and phrases, have a significant impact on the retrieval of results. In addition, search tools tend to rely more on the general form of words instead of focusing on the real needs of users in order to improve the search process.Due to the huge amount of information on the World Wide Web and the challenges related to information retrieval, researchers and software developers have turned to the Semantic Web to keep up with the changes. The Semantic Web has provided a large amount of structured and machine-understandable information on a wide range of topics (Guha, McCool & Miller, 2003). Semantic models perform well in identifying and recognizing synonyms, similar words, and semantic frameworks. Therefore, one of the most important challenges in the field of information storage and retrieval is to bridge the gap between the language used by information seekers and information providers (Rezaee Sharifabadi et al., 2010).The current study aims to systematically review previous research findings on syntax and semantics in information storage and retrieval across different contexts. Each context represents different dimensions of knowledge representation systems, from traditional to semantics. Upon reviewing the research, it was found that no systematic review has been conducted with a focus on syntax and semantics in the field of information retrieval. MethodologyIn this qualitative research using Aveyard’s systematic review method, we aim to address the following questions:What is the statistical status of studies in the field of syntax and semantics in storing and retrieving information?What are the main subject areas that researchers have focused on in studies related to syntax and semantics in storing and retrieving information?What research methods and approaches have researchers employed in this field?What are the research gaps and areas that require further study in this field?To gather relevant sources from information databases, we selected search keywords based on the research questions. Then, we used search strategies and various operators to combine the keywords and phrases, ensuring a comprehensive and effective search in Persian databases such as Magiran, Irandoc, SID, NoorMagz, ISC, and Civilica, as well as databases including Scopus, Emerald, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. There was no time limitation for the search. We recorded accepted sources such as articles and theses that were relevant and valid. By removing irrelevant and duplicate sources, we selected 12 Persian sources and 42 English sources. After categorizing, the studies were analyzed according to the type of source, research method, and tool. The results of the analysis of the studies were presented in the form of tables and graphs. ResultsThe selected studies were categorized into three groups (their characteristics were described in detail): information retrieval, information organization, and information search based on the analysis of keywords and subjects raised in the sources. The results of the study revealed that among the 54 reviewed studies, Iranian researchers had conducted the most research in the field of syntax and semantics in information retrieval, with 12 studies. The United States followed with 5 studies, and China and Vietnam tied for third place with 4 studies each. The majority of the studies focused on syntax and semantics in information retrieval. DiscussionAnalysis of 54 selected studies has shown that these studies were conducted over a period of 26 years. The oldest study was included in the review back to 1997, while the most recent one is from 2022. This shows the dynamic nature of the field under investigation and demonstrates how it is constantly changing and being influenced by the advancement of web technologies. Furthermore, a thematic analysis of the research, based on the studies' keywords, reveals that "Ontology," as a tool of the semantic web, is closely linked to the semantic and syntax aspects of language in information retrieval.Moreover, in a total of 54 studies, the majority were experimental (19), followed by applied (15) and analytical (9). Additionally, there were 6 studies that combined applied and analytical methods. Content analysis and comparative analysis each had 2 instances, while case studies were the least frequent with only 1 case. These studies have utilized tools such as ontology, search engines, and techniques including natural language processing, annotation, tagging, and indexing.The discussion about exploring syntax and semantics in relation to information retrieval across different languages is believed to make a significant contribution to the development of future research literature in this field. This is because users’ native language plays a central role in forming search terms for information retrieval, based on subjective meanings, context, and content. Considering this point can effectively enhance information retrieval systems. ConclusionAlthough many studies have addressed various aspects of syntax and semantics in information retrieval, more research is needed to investigate syntax and semantics in information organization. It is also important to delve into and analyze their theoretical aspects in information retrieval, especially through interdisciplinary studies.Moreover, the interconnectedness of various areas of study demonstrates the close relationship between syntax and semantics and linguistic issues in nearly every field that involves organizing, storing, and retrieving information. These areas include the study of syntax and semantics in relation to environmental sensors, indexing, identification and summarization of texts, plagiarism detection, natural language processing, repositories, improvement of query users and data retrieval in repositories and search engines, metadata enrichment, and image retrieval. The results of this research, such as its main themes, identified methods and approaches, and research gaps, can offer valuable insights for future studies.

1.Introduction Knowledge is the axis of value creation in today's organizations. Knowledge management as a strategic capital of an organization is considered the most important organizational advantage. On the other hand, the importance of sharing the experiences of librarians to each other in order to perform their professional duties, shows the role of knowledge transfer and sharing methods among librarians. These days, improving the performance of the organization is a response from an organization to face the challenges that arise from the rapid global transformations. From the organization's point of view, this challenge includes responding to the needs of customers and providing goods or services with a high degree of efficiency and in an efficient and effective manner. From the perspective of organizational members, this challenge includes improving the quality of work life. So that the organization is a pleasant and satisfying place for work and effort.This paper examines the state of knowledge sharing among managers and librarians of public libraries in the city of Ahvaz. Every organization has its own culture, which is influenced by the culture of the organization's people. In this research, it has tried to measure the effect of culture on knowledge sharing in the form of components such as competition, motivation, support, cooperation, trust, etc.Research questions are:What is the culture of knowledge sharing among the employees (librarians and managers) of Ahvaz public libraries?What are the different methods of sharing knowledge among the employees (librarians and managers) of public libraries in Ahvaz?What is the status of information and communication technologies for sharing knowledge among public libraries in Ahvaz? Literature Review Literature review shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing in many studies. For example, a study by Burnette (2017) aims to explore the nature of tacit knowledge (TK) sharing among library colleagues, with a focus on the characteristics of TK and contextual factors such as organizational culture or the mentor/mentee relationship. Three thematic areas emerged. First are the influence of organizational culture and the importance of trust in knowledge sharing behavior. Second, the value of teamwork and the significance of mentor/mentee roles surface as significant drivers of TK exchange. Last but not least is a better understanding of the nature of TK, as it relates to types of knowledge and characterizations of experience and expertise. Methodology This is an applied research and has been done by survey. The statistical population was all employees (managers and librarians) of public libraries in Ahvaz City and the implementation time was 2022. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by experts' opinion and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha (0.90) and dividing it into two halves (0.85). In analyzing the questionnaire data, descriptive statistics techniques were used for demographics, and techniques such as one-sample t-test and Friedman's rank average test were used for the questionnaire's inferential questions. ResultsIn terms of the components of sharing culture, the competition between employees for sharing knowledge with the highest average (3.16) has the best status, and the managers' motivation to share knowledge with other libraries is the lowest with an average of 2.70. Also, the state of knowledge sharing in terms of different methods of knowledge sharing shows that the most favorable state is related to courses and workshops with an average of 3.55, followed by the enterprise resource planning (ERP) with 3.51, as well as the quality of personal communication and informal among librarians with an average of 3.26. The findings show the status of knowledge sharing and communication technology from the point of view of the managers and librarians of public libraries in the city. For instance, while training courses and workshops and personal and informal communication between librarians, as well as administrative automation are good, other things such as employee performance and the culture of knowledge sharing are less favorable. Cases were found where there was a lack of awareness of the importance of knowledge sharing and a lack of organizational support. Conclusion The results of the current research show that information and communication technology and then knowledge-sharing methods are in a more suitable situation than the categories of employee behavior and knowledge-sharing culture. According to the findings regarding the knowledge-sharing methods, where Friedman's test was used, the highest average rating was given to the method of sharing and exchanging knowledge from courses and workshops with an average rating of 9.63 with a deviation of 0.78. The next ranks were administrative automation system with an average rank of 9.43 and personal and informal communication between librarians with an average rank of 8.46. Finally, the knowledge management system with an average rating of 5.36, publications and bulletins with an average rating of 5.30, and public libraries with an average rating of 4.67, have the lowest average, which should be used by examining the problem of the degree of its solution. Overall, this study shows there is a need to improve information technology and the culture of knowledge sharing.

Purpose: Information literacy involves a range of skills such as recognizing information needs, understanding information production and value, and using information to generate new knowledge ethically. It is essential for individuals to locate, evaluate, and utilize information effectively to become lifelong learners. This research aims to investigate how education influences the information literacy abilities of out-of-school children in accessing digital libraries and databases.Methodology: This study utilized a Semi-experimental research design and survey method. Initial theoretical studies were conducted, and five information literacy standards were compared to develop a new pattern. The population consisted of 195 dropouts from two schools - Moshtaq in Kerman and Arslan Boys in Rafsanjan. The sample size of 120 individuals was selected using a simple random method, with 100 students completing the questionnaire. Survey data was analyzed before and after information literacy training over one semester using a checklist with five components and 15 indicators. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.851.Findings: The study revealed that digital libraries and databases were available to a favorable extent, with a 2.935 percent availability rate. Prior to training, students showed a 2.125 percent proficiency in locating information in digital resources, which improved to 2.45 percent post-training. Additionally, students demonstrated an average skill level of 2.38 in utilizing full-text databases within digital libraries. Conclusion: The research underscored the importance of education in enhancing information literacy skills, particularly in the areas of information retrieval and selection, database usage, and critical evaluation of online sources. Recommendations included teaching students how to identify reliable information sources, conduct effective information searches, and utilize various search operators for refining search results.Value: The novelty of the research lies in its examination of the Impact of Education on Information Literacy Skills of Dropout Students in Utilizing Digital Libraries and Databases through a Semi-experimental research design.

Purpose: The Internet, as a symbol of the new era of information and communication technologies, plays a crucial role in human development and professional growth. This study aimed to explore how Internet self-efficacy mediates the relationship between digital competence and professional growth in teachers.Methodology: The research employed a quantitative approach and a correlational method. The statistical population consisted of teachers in Kermanshah City, with a sample size of 310 teachers selected through available sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires on digital competence, professional development, and Internet self-efficacy. Analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as structural equation modeling using SPSS-23 and Smart PLS software.Findings: The study revealed a positive and significant direct impact of digital competence on Internet self-efficacy, on professional growth, and on Internet self-efficacy with professional growth. Additionally, the indirect impact of digital competence on professional development through Internet self-efficacy was positive and significant.Conclusion: Internet self-efficacy plays a crucial role in predicting the relationship between digital competence and teachers' professional growth. Enhancing digital skills enables individuals to leverage resources on the Internet, while self-efficacy beliefs contribute to professional growth. Recognizing the psychological aspects of self-efficacy is essential in achieving professional goals.Value: This research provides a conceptual model for teacher professional growth based on digital competence, highlighting the mediating role of Internet self-efficacy.

Purpose: The present study aimed to identify the level of user satisfaction with the digital library services of Allameh Tabatabai University during the Corona era.Methodology: The research utilized an applied purpose and descriptive survey method. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology at Allameh Tabatabai University. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire distributed electronically, with 156 out of 450 respondents answering the questionnaire thoroughly. One-sample t-test was used to test hypotheses, supplemented by additional tests such as t-test for two independent samples, ANOVA, Friedman, Levin, and Tukey. The validity of the questionnaire was established through content validity method with a coefficient above 0.76, and reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's test with a coefficient of 0.726.Findings: Results revealed that user satisfaction with accessing online library services, service interface environment, information retrieval, visual effects, and personal library services of Allameh Tabatabai University's digital library were significantly higher than the standard score of 3. However, satisfaction with accessing domestic and international databases was found to be significantly lower than the standard score.Conclusion: Overall, user satisfaction with Allameh Tabatabai University's digital library services was deemed to be in a good state during the Corona era.Value: This study provides insights into user satisfaction with digital library services during a pandemic, offering valuable perspectives on delivering digital information services during crises.

Background and aim: The purpose of organic food production is to keep human health and impose minimum damage to the environment. Regarding the need for organic food production, the aim of the current research is to analyze and investigate the scientific outputs of the organic food field, which are indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). Materials and methods: The present study is descriptive which was carried out, applying a scientific approach. The scientific productions in the field of organic food were extracted from WoS database and all subject areas related to organic food were investigated. The extracted data were analyzed through Bibliometrix and its graphical user interface, Biblioshiny. Bibliometrics package as well as SPSS and Excel were used. Findings: The findings of the research state that strategic diagram is divided into four regions based on the degree of development (density index) and the degree of connection (centrality index). The first quarter represents the central and developmental topics which include organic food consumption. The second quarter of the graph depicts the special topics of this field, which include antioxidant activity, biological density factor, Listeria monocytogenes (the name of a pathogenic bacterium) and Escherichia coli (the name of a bacterium). The topics in the second area have high density and low centrality. The third quarter covers topics that have low density and centrality. These topics are emerging or declining which includes the issue of agricultural networks is the quarter. The fourth quarter represents basic topics which has low density but high centrality. This area includes food management, health quality and nutritional quality of vegetables. Conclusion: The results state that researches in the field of organic food have focused on topics such as attitudes, consumption behaviors and willingness to buy organic food, as well as the quality of organic products.

Background and aim: Engaging in research and familiarizing oneself with the research field are integral aspects of student development programs, particularly at postgraduate level. This study aims to analyze and map the co-authorship network within publications produced by the student research committee of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Materials and methods: This is an applied research that utilizes scientometric techniques. The research community includes 2178 documents with the organizational affiliation of the Student Research Committee of Medical Sciences Universities of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, which were retrieved from the Scopus database from 1985 to 2023. After data cleaning in Excel software and data homogenization, the data were transferred to BibExcel for frequency analysis. Subsequently, UCINET software was employed to calculate the correlation and centrality matrix. Furthermore, VosViewer software was used to visualize the data through network maps. Findings: An analysis of student research committee publications revealed 900 co-authored articles. Salari and Mohammadi exhibited the highest co-authorship frequency, with 10 publications. The findings showed that 38 countries participated in the scientific productions of the student research committee. America and England have cooperated the most with authors of student research committees with 58 and 14 scientific publications, respectively. Yousefi, Nouri, and Mohammadi emerged as the most prolific research committee authors. Sadeghi got the highest score in terms of centrality index and Karimi got the highest score in terms of closeness and intermediateness index. Furthermore, the five-author co-authorship pattern represented the most prevalent format (19.04%), with the single-author format accounting for less than 1% of publications. Conclusion: In studies by student research committee, the five-author co-authorship pattern has been the dominant pattern among the scientific documents of the student research committees, which indicates proper scientific cooperation among students.

Background and aim: The present research aims to draw and analyze the scientific collaboration network in the field of cultural heritage protection based on the data retrieved from the AATA database from 1800 to 2020. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive and applied research which was conducted with a scientometric approach. The research community includes all articles indexed in the AATA database from 1800 to 2020. Articles were reviewed in terms of micro and macro network parameters. Vosviewer, Microsoft Excel, Ucinet and Ravar PreMap were used to analyze the research data. Findings: The mean growth rate of articles is 14.12% and the doubling time of studies is 4.96 years. The mean growth rate of authors is 16.97% and the doubling time of researchers is 4.12 years. Based on macro network parameters, network density is 0.001, network cohesion is 0.186 and network diameter is 24. Single-author researches are decreasing and the collaboration of authors in researches is increasing. Collaboration index, collaboration degree and collaboration coefficient have increased and reached 3.93, 0.79 and 0.57, respectively, in 2020. Conclusion: Examining the macro parameters of the co-authorship network in this field shows the low cohesion of the authorship network and according to the values ​​of network diameter and the average distance, the distribution of information in this network is unfavorable, and chemistry researchers with high betweenness centrality have more influence than other researchers in the field of cultural heritage protection.

Background and aim: Word co-occurrence is a method for studying the intellectual structure of knowledge in various subjects. Experts in science assessment studies use it to map the relationship between concepts and ideas in basic and social sciences. The main goal of the present research is to draw the intellectual structure of library and information science books based on book citation index. Materials and methods: The present study is an applied research based on word co-occurrence and social network analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 16499 books indexed in the field of librarianship and information in Web of Science. BibExcel, UCINET, and NetDraw were used in this study to homogenize and analyze the data. Findings: The most frequent co-word pairs were "ISO 9001-Quality Management Systems with a frequency of 12" and "Librarian-Web 2 with a frequency of 10." Cluster analysis showed six clusters of "scientific communication and digital publications," "library management and social participation," "information policy and technology management," "education and leadership in information services," "management and governance," and "digital network and development of the library and information science profession" in this study. Also, the keywords participation, library and information literacy had the highest degree centrality with 68, 55 and 47. The keywords research case, information and politics had the highest close centrality with 254, 253 and 252. Finally, the keywords participation, information literacy and library had the highest centrality index with 826/582, 518/835 and 512/802. The findings also indicate that about 16% of the books published in this subject area aligned with the fourth goal of sustainable development, quality education. Conclusion: The keywords "participation," "library," "information literacy," "university library," and "librarian" play a significant and decisive role in social network of librarianship and information books in drawing the map of science.

Background and aim: One of the factors that affects the aesthetics of a website and attracts more users in the web environment is "visual complexity". The present research analyzed the correlation and regression between the SEO score and the level of visual complexity of the library websites of the top Iranian and international universities. Materials and methods: A comparative evaluation approach was adopted in this research. 41 library websites of top international universities (based on University Ranking 2023) and 41 library websites of top Iranian universities (based on ISC database 2021) were analyzed and compared. AIOSEO Analysis tool and Athec Python library were used for data extraction. SPSS was used for data analysis. Figures were generated using Excel. Findings: There was no significant correlation and regression between SEO and visual complexity on library websites of top international universities (p=0.125). However, on library websites of top Iranian universities, there was a weak correlation (p=0.045; Pearson correlation coefficient=0.362) and a significant regression (p=0.045). According to the Mann-Whitney U test, a significant difference was seen between the two groups of library websites of top Iranian and international universities from the standpoint of visual complexity (p=0.019). Conclusion: While top international academic libraries can rely on their strong branding, Iranian university libraries need to focus on both aesthetics and SEO to improve their visibility. Thus, using the experiences and knowledge of expert librarians in the fields of "SEO" and "aesthetics" is recommended.

Background and aim: Bibliographic analysis by describing the status of publications and identifying emerging issues plays an important role in research evaluation. The aim of the present research is to draw the scientific collaboration networks of researchers, organizations, and scientific centers and the co-occurrence of scientific terms in articles related to the local history of Azerbaijan in Iranian Scientific Journals from 2011 to 2021. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical research is of bibliometric type. The samples include 111 scientific articles about the local history of Azerbaijan from 2011 to 2021, published in the country's scientific publications. The drawing of the scientific collaboration network of researchers, organizations, and scientific centers, as well as co-occurrence network analysis of scientific terms were done using VOSviewer. Findings: The scientific centers of the Northwest had the most participation in publishing articles. There is a significant relationship between the scientific rank of researchers and their scientific participation (P-value=0.021). In terms of historical periods, the Qajar period and, in terms of subject matter, political history attracted the most attention from researchers. Moreover, the universities of Tabriz, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani, and the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies produced the most articles. The words "Azerbaijan" and "Tabriz" had the highest frequency of repetitions in the articles on the history of Azerbaijan. In terms of the co-occurrence of terms, the focus has been mostly on the Qajar period and especially the Nasrid period. Conclusion: The trend of publishing articles about the local history of Azerbaijan has quadrupled in the studied period. Despite this upward trend, some historical periods and important topics have not been given much attention due to the lack of resources and certain challenges. It seems that the reason why professors and researchers paid more attention to the subject, in addition to local tendencies, was a better understanding of regional issues.

Background and aim: In co-word analysis, it is assumed that the most frequent words have a greater impact on a subject area compared to the less frequent words. The purpose of the current research is co-word analysis of review articles on the subject of "cloud computing" indexed in the PubMed database in 2009-2022 time period. Materials and methods: The current research is applied in terms of nature which utilized co-word analysis to analyze the data. The statistical population included 169 review articles on the topic of "cloud computing" indexed in the PubMed database in 2009 to 2022 period. The total of 57 articles lacked keywords which were excluded from the study. The required data was retrieved from the mentioned database by entering the word "cloud computing" in the subject field which were subsequently added to the Excel software. Voyant Tools software was used for co-word analysis. Findings: Based on the maps obtained from co-word analysis, keywords fog computing, data computing, cloud database, Internet of Things, cloud data, cloud challenge, cloud technology, cloud systems, health systems and cloud overlapped the most with the term cloud computing. Drawing maps of co-word at different time periods under investigation illustrates changes and stability in the concepts and words related to the field of informatics. New concepts emerged as a recombination of existing words interacting with developments and new technologies. Conclusion: The most frequent word in cloud computing review articles in all the texts indexed in PubMed among the words cloud computing, data computing, cloud database, Internet of Things, cloud data, cloud challenge, cloud technology, cloud systems , has been health and cloud systems in which the terms "data computing" and "fog computing" overlaped the most with cloud computing.

Background and aim: This study provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis of research literature in the field of water resources management in Iran, aiming to identify trends, patterns, and the impact of research in this domain between the years 2006 to 2023. Materials and methods: To map the scientific landscape of this field, all published articles by Iranian authors in international journals (662 documents) were collected from the Scopus database within the time frame 2006-2023. Scientometric techniques such as co-authorship networks and co-occurrence maps of keywords were utilized for data analysis. Key indices such as h-index, citation counts, and journal impact factors were calculated to assess the visibility and impact of Iranian research in water resources management. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software and VOSviewer. Findings: The findings revealed that the growth rate of Iranian papers in water resource management was 24.05%. In addition to quantity, the quality and citation rate of the articles have also increased over the years. A significant relationship (r=0.584) was observed between the number of documents and the number of citations of the authors. Furthermore, with an increase in the number of authors for each article, the number of citations for that article also increased significantly (r=0.180). The analysis of the scientific map of the studies revealed the identification of a pattern of six clusters, and climate change and water supply sustainability as the first cluster received the most emphasis in studies by Iranian authors. Conclusion: Climate change and water supply sustainability are among the most important areas that have received attention from Iranian researchers in recent years, which seems reasonable given the trend of climate change and frequent droughts in the country. There has been a significant increase in the number of citations as the number of documents authored by researchers has risen.

Objective: Training entrepreneurs in the tourism industry, which is the main source of income and employment in many countries today, can help sustainable development. Also, one of the characteristics of the current era, which is called the knowledge-oriented era, is the rapid changes in technology. In this regard, the aim of this research is to examine the moderating role of smart business ecosystem characteristics in the relationship between knowledge sharing and entrepreneurship growth in the tourism industry.Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of how to collect data, this study is in the field of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of this research includes industrial and academic specialists and experts in the field of tourism. The sample size of the present research was estimated based on Klein's rule of thumb and, using a random sampling method, 300 people were available, and 382 questionnaires were distributed to prevent the sample size from dropping. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect data, and the variables investigated in the current study were measured through polling using an "electronic questionnaire". To measure knowledge acquisition and knowledge donation, each with 4 items from the research of Kim and Lee (2014); The characteristics of the smart business ecosystem are 7 items from the studies of Fernandez-Portillo et al. (2024) and finally, the growth of entrepreneurship with 5 items from the studies of De Klerk and et al. Also, the face validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of professors and experts in this field, and its content validity was confirmed by the relative content validity index based on the opinions of 10 experts knowledgeable about the research topic, and its reliability or validity was also confirmed with the help of Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, SPSS version 22 and SmartPLS version 3 were used to examine and test the hypotheses.Findings: Each of the dimensions of knowledge sharing; acquiring knowledge with a path coefficient of 0.118 and a significant test statistic of 5.121 and donating knowledge with a path coefficient of 0.360 and a significant test statistic of 9.385 have a significant effect on the growth of entrepreneurship. The characteristics of the smart business ecosystem with a path coefficient of 0.064 and a significant test statistic of 2.753 were able to influence the relationship between knowledge acquisition and entrepreneurship growth. Also, the characteristics of the smart business ecosystem with a path coefficient of 0.057 and a significant test statistic of 2.560 could moderate the relationship between knowledge donation and entrepreneurship growth.Conclusion: Knowledge sharing facilitates the widespread dissemination of critical information and strengthens the creation of innovative business practices and allows entrepreneurs to access valuable resources, absorb technical knowledge, and build relationships in the entrepreneurial networks of the tourism industry. Also, the features of the smart business ecosystem create an environment for sharing knowledge in line with entrepreneurship activities and growth.

Objective: Various studies show that lexical or keyword search is not enough, because in this search the meaning of words and semantic relationships between keywords are ignored and semantic understanding is not achieved in this search. The purpose of this research is to investigate and measure the semantic search of users. Semantic search refers to a search that goes beyond the traditional search, i.e., the matching of the keywords of the search request with the keywords of the documents in the system and seeks to understand the meaning and semantic relationships between the keywords in the user's search request, which is used with the development and expansion of the semantic web and ontologies. The focus of this search is on obtaining a higher level of meaning from documents and inquiries and based on its content, which this high level meaning may be provided by ontologies. Semantic search expands the meaning and seeks machine understanding of the user's intent, query request and relationships between words and elevates the user's search strategy to a meaningful experience. In fact, semantic search describes the effort to produce accurate results by understanding the searcher's intent, texture and context of the query request, and the relationship between words. This search is of great interest to users and researchers due to its many advantages and applications. But besides the many advantages, it has over traditional and keyword search. It also has some problems and complications that elimination of these problems leads to the improvement and promotion of semantic search and helps users a lot.Methodology: The present study is quantitative in terms of approach and applied in terms of purpose, which has been done by survey method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was 189 Iranian researchers who had published at least a research article on COVID-19, which Indexed in PubMed.Findings: Based on the research findings, from the perspective of Iranian researchers, the degree of recall and precision to semantic search in the PubMed is moderate (3). The amount of semantic gap in semantic search is relatively high (>3), the degree of accuracy and precision in retrieving results in semantic search is moderate (3), the degree of conceptual relevance in semantic search is moderate (3), the rate of retrieval of meaningful multi-word concepts in semantic search is moderate (3) and the rate of improvement and upgrade of overall performance in semantic search is relatively high (>3) in semantic searches at the database has been extensive.Conclusion: The results of the research in general showed that semantic search is a dynamic and challenging search that despite its various strengths and advantages for users in research, but still has its weaknesses and drawbacks that should be reviewed and revised by semantic search support experts such as ontology designers for the semantic search system. Understanding, identifying, and eliminating these weaknesses and problems, make semantic search to be a better way to respond to researchers for their research, as a result, researchers and users can achieve to richer results for compile their research work.

Objective: Attention to the concept of knowledge management has increased as one of the basic factors of organizational development. Knowledge management not only helps to benefit from the knowledge and experience of people in the organization, but also plays a very important role in developing innovative processes, improving organizational performance, and improving internal and external communications. In this context, the relationship between knowledge management and organizational value creation has been considered as an issue. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of knowledge management on organizational value creation and the mediating role of organizational creativity in this regardMethodology: In terms of the purpose, the present research is applied, in terms of information gathering, the present research is a document library research using field techniques, and in terms of the descriptive type, it is a survey carried out with a correlational method and with a quantitative approach. In this research, three questionnaires (two researcher-made and one pre-made) were used to collect information. To measure the validity of the organizational value creation questionnaire and the organizational creativity questionnaire of this research, content validity was used, which was confirmed by knowledge management experts. For the validity of the knowledge management questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity have been reported as appropriate. Cronbach's alpha was also used to measure reliability, which was 0.91 for the creative value questionnaire, 0.076 for the organizational creativity questionnaire, and 0.91 for the knowledge management questionnaire. This research was done with the help of structural equation modeling method and using Pearson tests, linear regression, and path analysis. 40 employees of public libraries in Qom province were selected by snowball sampling and formed the statistical community of this research. Lisrel software was used for data analysis.Findings: The findings show that the dimensions of knowledge management, as important factors, are positively and significantly related to organizational value creation. In fact, 87 percent of changes in the organizational value creation variable are predicted by knowledge management dimensions; Also, the relationship between knowledge management and organizational creativity was investigated, and these two variables have a positive and significant relationship. investigated the relationship between organizational creativity and organizational value creation, it was also confirmed by the Pearson correlation test. The mediating role of organizational creativity in the effect of knowledge management on organizational value creation was confirmed by path analysisConclusion: Knowledge management has a central role in creating value and predicting organizational performance, and organizational creativity as a mediating variable strengthens this relationship. The existence of a strong correlation between knowledge management and organizational creativity, as well as the positive results of creativity on value creation, emphasizes that investing in cultivating creative environments and effective knowledge management can lead to innovation and sustainable competitive advantage. This research helps organizations to form their management and strategies with a more accurate understanding of these relationships and as a result, achieve organizational value creation.

Objective: Considering the role of ethical issues in virtual space, this study has investigated the scientific publications on digital ethics and related fields based on scientometric indicators in Scopus database.Methodology: This research is an applied and conducted with a scientometric approach. The study population consists of 755 articles (research or review) on digital ethics that indexed in Scopus database. To construct the dataset of publications on digital ethics, all scientific articles published on digital ethics were collected. To analyze the findings, Vosviewer software was used.Findings: From 1981 to the end of 2023, 755 articles in the field of digital ethics and related concepts have been indexed in the Scopus database. These articles have been published in 160 journals. The greatest number of articles (52 articles) is in “Ethics and Information Technology” journal, then “Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society” and “Philosophy and Technology”, with 30 and 17 articles, respectively, in the second and third positions. The most active author in this field is Luciano Floridi with 29 articles. Also, the most cited article is also dedicated to this person in 2018. Only 16 articles belong to Iranian authors. Also, the most cited article among Iranian authors is belongs to the article titled “The students' experiences of ethics in online systems: A phenomenological study”, written by Mosallanejad, Dehghani and Abdolahi Fard with 10 citations in 2014, and after that the article titled “Assessing the credibility of Web information by university students: findings from a case study in Iran” written by Keshavarz with 5 citations in 2020. The United States and Oxford University are the most active country and organization in the field of digital ethics. The scientific map of this field in the Scopus database consists of 10 clusters and 635 links. These clusters include information ethics, digital ethics and privacy, ethics, artificial intelligence and technology ethics, computer ethics, cyber ethics, algorithms in information systems, information technology and practical ethics.Conclusion: Nowadays, the topic of ethics has more attention than ever in the virtual space. Findings showed that the emphasis in scientific research in the field of digital ethics such as plagiarism, research ethics, cyber-attack, intellectual property rights are changing towards ethics in technology and computer issues such as digital technology, virtual ethics, data governance, technology emerging technologies, artificial intelligence, technology ethics, data protection, and machine learning.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating the scale of applicability of semantic relations in information retrieval.Methodology: To carry out this research, the mixed method with the exploratory design of the tool development model has been used. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part was all the librarians of the central libraries of the medical sciences universities of the country with a statistical population of 280 people, 163 people were selected based on Cochran's formula by available sampling method. In the quantitative part, the sample size included 15 librarians and information specialists working in the libraries of the medical sciences universities of the country, who were selected as a sample in a targeted non-probability way. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Validity and reliability of the research tool were examined and confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the grounded theory method was used, and in the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used. Findings: The results of the qualitative and quantitative part of the research showed that the tool developed for the applicability of semantic relations in information retrieval consists of five components with 30 items. The components obtained from this research include machine ambiguities, existence of semantic ambiguities, formulation of strategy in Information retrieval systems, semantic search systems and the use of quality processes were the part that, according to the results of factor analysis, the highest factor load was related to the strategy formulation component in information retrieval systems, which was compiled in 6 items. And it has the highest relationship with the component of strategy formulation in information retrieval systems, the existence of effective support systems with a factor load of 0.82. The highest combined reliability coefficient was related to the component of semantic ambiguity and the lowest combined reliability coefficient was related to the component of strategy formulation in information retrieval systems. It can be stated that the items determined in the component of the existence of semantic ambiguity have more group appropriateness in their structure than other items. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed research tool has a very favorable fit.Conclusion: The questionnaire designed in this study can be used as a suitable tool to measure the applicability of semantic relationships in information retrieval in libraries.

Objective: The purpose of this study in knowledge-based organizations is to investigate the impact of future developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) on organizational knowledge engineering. Given the importance of information and communication technology to increase speed and accuracy of different activities of organizations and thus increase their productivity, can be towards the advancement of organizational knowledge and raising the level of awareness of the organization and raising the development and creativity of the organization. In fact, by gathering the knowledge of the organization's external and internal environment, a knowledge system engineer creates practical items, so that these items can be implemented in the future. The supporting role of information technology for knowledge management will bring significant progress in the intelligent and knowledge-based behavior of organizations and their people.Methodology: It is a type of applied research and qualitative approach done using grounded theory. Using an empirical approach and ideographic explanation, this research seeks to drive the future of information and communication technology (ICT) and knowledge engineering. The researchers try to understand the challenges of information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge engineering and information and communication management by conducting field studies and participating in processes related to the research subject. The statistical population of the study includes 178 managers and experts working in knowledge-based companies at the senior level. The research sampling method is theoretical and open and unstructured interview tools with experts have been used to collect information. The method of analysis is thematic analysis methods and contextual theory and statistical tests have been performed using confirmatory factor analysis.Findings: Based on the results of the research, it was found that the factors influencing the presentation of a conceptual model of future developments of information and communication technologies on organizational knowledge engineering were identified. Causal conditions are contextual conditions, intervening conditions, process/interactions and consequences, and information technology is the most important factor in enabling the knowledge engineering process with high speed and accuracy.Conclusion: Lack of general government policy in the development of information technology in the field of knowledge engineering, lack of telecommunications platform for information exchange, lack of familiarity and skills of employees in using information technology tools is an important challenge in using information technology in knowledge organizations. Therefore, it is suggested that governments provide the appropriate platform and plan to improve this technology.

Objective: Scientific productions in the field of Mahdism have grown in the last two decades and due to its religious and political dimension in the region, conceptual challenges have been registered. As a result, knowing the contexts, priorities and analysis of the knowledge of the domain seems necessary. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge structure in Mahdism research using co-word analysis. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose. In order to analyze the concept of knowledge in the field of Mahdism research, a combination of scientometric methods, information clustering and network analysis have been used. The research tools include scientometric software such as: "Ravar_matrix, Ucinet, NetDraw, and Vosviewer”. The research community includes all the articles in the field of Mahdism in domestic magazines from the databases of " Noormags, Magiran, and SID" from the beginning to October 2023. Results: The findings indicate that in the last two decades, there has been a significant growth in the research studies of Mahdism. Also, many authors from the Alimah Hoza and University have contributed to its scientific productions. In this research, it was found that the authors follow the model of an authorship. Collaboration in the form of co-authorship is less involved. Descriptive findings about the journals of this field showed that 5 journals are considered core journals in this field. The findings showed the field of Mahdavi studies in other fields of studies such as: social sciences, sociology, historical and political sciences, education and philosophy, art and literature interdisciplinary relations. The results of co-word analysis showed that more than 1341 concepts or keywords were mentioned and the concepts of "The Holy Mehdi, the waiting, appearance, doctrines of Mahdism, Extremist, false claimants" had the highest frequency among all concepts. Also, the conceptual pairs " the waiting - The Holy Mehdi, Islamic revolution-the waiting, The Holy Mehdi - last days, future study- Mahdism research, doctrine of Mahdoit- appearance " had the most co-occurrences. In addition, the concepts of "false claimants, Salafism, globalization, denial of Mahdism", social standards and culture of Mahdism were identified as emerging concepts in the research. The results related to clustering showed that the knowledge of this field in Iran consists of 21 main clusters. The first to third clusters include "the influence of the Islamic Revolution on Mahdism, traditions and hadiths of Mahdism, social challenges of Mahdism" respectively, have the most concepts. The analysis of the maps indicates that the concepts of this field have many conceptual relationships with each other, and the concentration percentage of the network is 0.5, which is average in terms of density. Conclusion: The results indicate that the volume of articles in this field of knowledge in Persian language is increasing day by day, and in terms of the number of researchers, it is a rich field. But the cooperation of authors is weak, and the number of magazines that publish articles in the field of Mahdism is also small. Many concepts have been proposed in this field, but a large percentage of them have been proposed only once in this field. The results of clustering indicate that the concepts formed in the field of Mahdavi studies will provide a suitable field for qualitative and theoretical research studies. In general, this research showed a big picture of concepts, conceptual clusters and relationships of concepts in the articles produced in the field of Mahdism.

Objective: Information sharing by academic libraries is a major and serious obstacle in preventing reproduction and helping to reduce costs and spending time of researchers at the national and international levels. In the library world, resource sharing means that you are collaborating with one or more libraries to maximize access to a larger array of resources by sharing the collections of the cooperating libraries or pooling funding to purchase shared digital resources. Todays, most libraries participate in some type of resource sharing, even when they may not be aware of it. Resource sharing provides the cooperating libraries with an opportunity to access materials from other libraries, which should result in a cost savings. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the dimensions of information sharing model in Iranian academic libraries. Methodology: The research is of an applied type, in terms of data gathering, it is exploratory using grounded theory method (qualitative phase) and cross-sectional survey (quantitative phase). The research community of the qualitative part includes all the experts of Knowledge and Information Science, who were selected by the targeted method of snowball, Delphi panel and brainstorming, and the statistical community of the quantitative part includes all the librarians of the universities of the country. In the qualitative part, data collection was done by document study and semi-structured exploratory interview. And in the quantitative section, a researcher-made multi-component questionnaire was used based on the findings of the quantitative section, and Cronbach's alpha and CVR were used for validity and reliability. The analysis was carried out in three main stages of open, axial and selective coding using Lisrel software. Findings: The findings indicated that the appropriate model of information sharing in the academic libraries of the country consists of dimensions such as the use of technology, organizational policies, individual and group skills, environmental readiness, executive requirements and organizational and managerial prerequisites and 20 sub-components. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the observed variables can well explain the hidden variable. Since the factor load of all the observed variables (components and indicators) are greater than 0.3, therefore there is a favorable relationship between the indicators (observed variable) with its own component (hidden variable) and between the components (observed variable) with all 6 dimensions (hidden variable). Therefore, by creating the necessaryinfrastructure in the field of information technology, culturalization, and process improvement, the organizational structure of information sharing can be implemented in academic libraries.

1. IntroductionAll efforts of business managers are to achieve productivity. In such a way that the need to increase productivity in organizations for more profitability is inevitable and every year a lot of money is spent on how to increase productivity and promote their business. One of the important and fundamental prerequisites for achieving a business model is its components and indicators in a standardized format. The changes that have come from the internet space have made knowledge flow and be exploited in a faster way in the departments of an organization. In the meantime the knowledge brokers can help to correct and improve the flow of knowledge and fill the information gap between producers and users of knowledge, thereby helping to increase the productivity of organizations and businesses.2. Literature ReviewKnowledge brokers provide the act of creating, sharing and using knowledge in an organization or between organizations. One of the ways to correct and improve the flow of knowledge is to use knowledge brokers who fill the gap between producers and knowledge users. The unique possibilities of the Internet have led to the emergence of a new form of business, which is now known as Internet business. These businesses have been created by entrepreneurial people with new ideas who have a creative and talented mind. Osterwalder's business model is known as the most common and broad business model canvas. This model is the provider of a common language for describing, visualizing, evaluating, and changing the business model. Productivity is called a method, a concept and an attitude about work and life, and in fact, they look at it as a culture and a worldview. Productivity is the effective and efficient use of inputs or resources for production by providing outputs. The background check shows that so far, many researches have been done in the field of knowledge brokers and internet businesses and the relationship between business and productivity inside and outside the country. On the other hand, studies show that many researches have been conducted abroad on the role and functions of knowledge brokers. This is despite the fact that none of them have analyzed the components and indicators of the internet business model for knowledge brokers with the approach of increasing productivity.3. Methodology The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed and exploratory in terms of approach. The research has been done in three stages: to identify the components and indicators of knowledge-based internet business for knowledge brokers using the meta-combination method, to determine the level of agreement of experts using the fuzzy Delphi method, and to determine the importance of each of the components and the calculated indicators were used using the survey-analytical method. In the first stage, the statistical population was 10,617 documents related to the research subject, out of which 65 documents were selected and studied further. In the second stage, in order to confirm the components and indicators calculated from the first stage, the fuzzy Delphi method and a questionnaire (with a 5-point Likert scale) were used in two stages. The statistical population in the second stage was 20 PhD graduates and subject specialists with more than 5 years of experience in the fields of knowledge management, technology management, and business. The snowball method was chosen and 10 of them responded to the questionnaire. In the third stage, in order to determine the priority and importance of the calculated components and indicators, a survey-analytical method was used. The statistical population of the research in the third stage was the number of 155 technology and knowledge brokers under the supervision of the Presidential Vice President for Science and Technology, Iran's National Fan Market and the Nano Technology Exchange Network, who were selected by census method.4. Results The results of data analysis show the number of 149 indicators under 30 components for Internet business for knowledge brokers in the form of nine components of Osterwalder's business model.5. Discussion The results show that knowledge brokers can create an information network between researchers by holding structured joint workshops in a client-oriented and problem-oriented manner, holding seminars and online webinars, etc., and establishing proper communication between the main customers of their business through virtual communication channels. Since the ultimate goal of designing a business model is to create sufficient value for customers, knowledge brokers can attract and retain their customers by providing value propositions such as facilitating decisions and policies through the acquired knowledge. Considering that every business model requires a number of key activities; knowledge brokers can provide their desired services to customers through key activities such as knowledge monitoring and evaluation, etc. One of the goals of every business and organization is to create partnerships with colleagues and key partners; based on this, knowledge brokers can achieve success in their business by establishing partnerships with influential investors, governmental and non-governmental supporting organizations, and influential governmental and non-governmental social organizations. The cost structure in any business is one of its main pillars and you should pay enough attention to its arrangement. This section usually contains two sections of fixed and variable costs. Knowledge brokers can manage the wages of human resources, administrative costs and provision of workplaces and the costs of providing equipment and depreciation in the fixed costs department and managing the wages of experts and researchers for sharing knowledge. Marketing, advertising and holding events and costs of development and maintenance of technology infrastructure in the variable costs department to achieve cost management in their business. The resources needed to run a successful business are called key resources. At first, it is believed that only the initial capital is enough to start a business, but the fact is that before starting any business, identifying key resources is of particular importance. Value proposition, communication with the customer, communication channels, how to communicate with the customer, making money, are all related to key resources. Knowledge brokers can start and maintain their business through key resources such as human, financial, physical and intellectual resources. In order to obtain profit, expenses must be deducted from income. In a business, if we consider the customer part as its heart, the income streams are the arteries of a business. Knowledge brokers through a variety of income models such as receiving commissions/fees from communicating between users and knowledge producers, advertising and receiving charges or royalties in providing consulting services and pricing mechanisms such as considering a base price for knowledge services, price dynamics based on the level of knowledge used and price dynamics based on advertisements, they can manage their business income flow.6. Conclusion Since every business needs components and indicators to be implemented in the form of a business model, it shows the architecture of a company to create, market, deliver value and earn a stable and profitable income; statistics of internet business components and indicators for knowledge brokers can help to reduce the information gap between researchers, policymakers and decision-makers, governance structures and institutions and supply and demand sector structures and institutions and lead to an increase in interest and be successful in business.

1. IntroductionConsidering that the goal of social science research is to train and provide skilled and specialized human resources to carry out research, education, management and planning in various social and cultural fields, and also considering that the main emphasis of this field is the education and promotion of excavations. A field about the social issues of the country and the analysis and interpretation of their roots, contexts, causes and factors, description and analysis of their extent in the society and finally the analysis of the information obtained from these studies is to solve social issues, therefore providing considered solutions to deal with them. With these problems and social developments, it is necessary. Considering that one of the evaluation criteria of universities and countries is the quantity and quality of their research outputs in international reliable databases. The status of each country's indexed research outputs in international valid indexes indicates an important part of that country's scientific activities at the international level. Therefore, in order to analyze scientific activities, a clear picture of this situation has always been the focus of the country's research managers. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of research outputs in Iranian universities, which are considered the most important scientific hub of the country. The results of this research can be used for planning at the level of administrations, various vice-chancellors and the entire universities under review, and by knowing the priorities, abilities and weaknesses, provide the necessary facilities to make scientific activities more targeted in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences in the universities under review. Therefore, this research studies and analyzes the research outputs of Iran's major universities using qualitative Scientometrics indicators in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences during the period of 2010-2020.Research QuestionWhat is the status of the research outputs of Iran's major universities in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences with a Scientometrics approach from the perspective of quantity and impact index based on Scopus database data during the years 2010 to 2020?2. Literature ReviewThe review of the literature indicates that the quality of research outputs in Iran's major universities has been less studied over a long period of time and using multiple Scientometrics indicators. In most of the previous studies, only the average index and the percentage of documents were cited and the H index was used to study the quality level of research outputs. Therefore, according to the investigations carried out in the dimension of scientology and the need to pay attention to the quality of research outputs in addition to their quantity, the present article studies and analyzes the research outputs of major universities in Iran in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences according to several indicators of effectiveness during the period of 2010-2020. In this way, it has helped to identify the scientific position of the universities in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences, as well as planning for its development at the national level, and to help strengthen and improve the country's scientific rank at the international level.3. MethodologyThe current research is of an applied type and has been carried out with a Scientometrics approach and with documentary and citation analysis methods. The community under review is all research outputs in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences, including "subject areas of psychology, economics (economics, econometrics and finance)", "management (business, management and accounting)", "social sciences", and "sciences", decision-making", according to the subject classification of the Scopus database, in the major universities of Iran in the years 2010 to 2020. The research implementation environment was Scopus and Scival databases. Research data was collected from March 20 to March 28, 2019 from Scopus and Scival. The method of data collection is to refer directly and get standard outputs from Scopus and Scival databases. The indicators used in this research are: citations, average citations per article, H index, weighted citation impact at the field level, percentage of highly cited articles, and percentage of articles published in top journals. Descriptive statistics (with Microsoft Excel software) were used to analyze the data.4. ResultsAccording to the results, the total number of research outputs in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences of Iran's major universities in the target period was 19,582 records. In all the studied universities, the subject area of social sciences had the most research outputs. In general, the research outputs of Iran's major universities in the subject areas of social and behavioral sciences have been on the rise in the given period of time. The reason for this can be the increase of students and researchers in postgraduate studies. In terms of the number of citations index, Shahid Beheshti, Isfahan, Ferdowsi, Tabriz, and Shiraz universities have the most citations in the subject area of "social sciences" and in the universities of Tehran, Allameh Tabataba’i, and Tarbiat Modares, the subject area of "business, management and accounting" has the most citations. In most of the cases mentioned in the universities and subject areas under investigation that received the most citations, in terms of the index of highly cited articles at the threshold of 10% and the index of articles published in top journals at the threshold of 25%, they also took the highest percentages. This issue indicates the high quality of research outputs with more citations, which these findings are consistent with the vital and high research (2016) for this reason that the more the citations of the articles, the higher the quality. In terms of highly cited articles at the threshold of 10%, in the universities of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, Isfahan, Ferdowsi, Tabriz, and Shiraz, the subject area of "Economics, Econometrics and Finance", and in Shahid Beheshti and Allameh Tabataba’i universities, the subject area of "Trade" "Management and accounting" got the highest percentages.5. DiscussionIn terms of the index of articles published in top journals at the threshold of 25%, in Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, Ferdowsi, Tabriz universities, in the subject area of "Business, Management and Accounting", in Allameh Tabataba’i University, in the subject area of "Psychology", in universities Isfahan and Shiraz have the highest percentages in the subject area of "Social Sciences". In this regard, it has been mentioned in most of the cases that they have obtained a high percentage in terms of the index of highly cited articles at the threshold of 10% and the index of articles published in the top journals at the threshold of 25%. This issue shows the high quality of research outputs in the mentioned subject areas, which with the research of Irfan Manesh and Hosseini (2016), in terms of the impact of general impact indicators (H index, weighted citation impact index at the field level, citations) on the increase of articles published in Top journals and highly cited articles match. Since some of the indicators examined in this research, such as citations and the number of highly cited articles, are included in some ranking systems, such as the rankings of Leiden University, Saimgo University, and Shanghai University, increasing the mentioned indicators as much as possible is effective in improving the position of universities in these ranking systems.6. ConclusionIn general, it is very important for universities to emphasize the quality of research outputs in addition to the quantity of these outputs. Attention to the quality of research outputs with the researches of Ebrahimi and Hayati (2007), Yaminifirouz et al. (2015) and Erfanmanesh and Hosseini (2018). Considering the number of received citations of the published research outputs of Iran's major universities in the review of their performance, as well as considering the special research credit and score for the authors of highly cited articles in various subject areas can be a suitable solution in this field. Also, emphasizing the quality along with the quantity of research outputs in universities and research centers should be given special attention.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to Shahid Beheshti University Research Vice-Chancellor for their support in the implementation of this research.

1. IntroductionThe importance of this research will be to add more color to the inherent characteristics of the field of information science and epistemology in terms of storing and retrieving information and meeting the information needs of the clients by producing an archive ontology and the role and impact of the information profession in meeting the information needs of the clients.2. Literatur ReviewSince librarians play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge. In the new era, their challenges and the scope of their responsibilities have increased significantly so that they are able to be important helpers to control the expanding world of information.What constitutes the main problem of information science today is the methods of accessing information. If previously the concern of information science specialists was to regularly collect resources and provide bibliographies, now most efforts are focused on providing more information about resources and delivering them to the end user. For these reasons, it can be said that today the traditional structures of libraries have collapsed and the new order has replaced it. In the past, the traditional role of reference department employees of libraries and information centers was to provide bibliographic information to the referents, that is, to provide information about the information, but today their duty is to guide the referents to the same information. Another important thing that happened in the process of the information revolution is the sharing of resources, the creation of information networks using new information technologies made not only the information centers of a country but all the information centers of the world share in each other's resources. (Mahdavi, 1998)Libraries play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge, the emergence of the Internet created the impression that libraries will go away, but the passage of time has shown that this impression only stems from a lack of proper understanding of the position and function of the library (Middleton, 2012)3. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and sequential combination (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of type. In this way, first by using the library method based on the study of literature and backgrounds related to the subject, the components and characteristics of the dictionary were extracted, then by using the qualitative method (Delphi study) based on the opinions of experts in information science and an in-depth interview was conducted in three stages, the components were extracted by the content analysis method and the lexical circle was determined. After the analysis of quantitative data, the necessity of creating an ontology for radio and television archives became clearer, and in the following, the proposed ontology model of radio and television archives was presented.In this research, the studied community of archivists of radio and television archives in Tehran, whose number was 120, has been investigated through a census through a digital questionnaire. Also, in order to present the proposed ontology model, the words related to the topics and production programs in the broadcasting organization were collected and a preliminary ontology was prepared for the broadcasting archive as a sample using Protege software. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for producing the ontology of radio and television archives. ​​​4. ResultsAfter three rounds of interviews with experts in the field of archives (10 experts in the field of archives and managers of radio and television archives in Tehran) and analysis of the opinions of the participants in the Delphi study panel, it was determined that 15 components were used to measure vocabulary. From these main components, a number of quantitative questions were developed by the researcher. 85 questions were asked from the statistical population. The following results are the results of the analysis of the research questionnaire for the section related to the vocabulary of radio and television archivists:Descriptive statistics indices such as: frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation have been used to examine and analyze the respondents' information. Research hypotheses are also used. The structural equation modeling technique has been tested. In order to get a better understanding of the research community and get more familiar with the research variables, before analyzing the statistical data, it is necessary to describe these data. Therefore, before testing the research hypotheses, the descriptive statistics of the variables used in the research were examined. The average, as one of the central parameters, represents the center of gravity of the society, and in other words, it shows that if the average is placed instead of all the observations of the society, there will be no change in the sum total of the society's data. Also, the maximum shows the highest variable number in the statistical population and the minimum shows the lowest variable number in the statistical population.5. Discussion and ConclusionBroadcasting archives play a role in program production as the beating heart of programming, since these centers are considered as a center for storing the produced resources, less attention has been paid to their role and influence in the program production process. Radio archivists, since they are educated in information science and science, and professionally, can play an effective role in retrieving information and providing optimal information for producing programs and helping to improve the programming process. Archive ontology and training related to information retrieval and the use of information retrieval tools can play a more colorful role in professional activity. The strength of the relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of the information provided by radio archivists has been calculated as 0.74, which shows that there is a favorable correlation between vocabulary and ontology in information delivery. The t-statistic of the test is also 2.14, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and it shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research is confirmed and it can be said that there is a direct relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of information provided by radio archivists and the ontology of the archive.Enhancing their vocabulary, which is one of the main components of the field of information science and epistemology, can help in achieving the goal of providing quality information and retrieving resources in archives and using them in programming. The results of the present research also confirm the opinion that an archivist with a rich vocabulary using archive ontology can be useful in retrieving information and providing information optimally. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for the production of the ontology of radio and television archives.

1. IntroductionPublic libraries are among the essential pillars of a democratic society, serving as symbols of social progress and civil pride in the pursuit of lifelong learning. As these libraries cater to various segments of society, trained and knowledgeable personnel, referred to as librarians or information specialists, play a crucial role in identifying and meeting users' information needs. In line with their responsibilities towards different societal groups, they must adapt their service delivery methods concurrently with societal advancements. Today, with recent technological advancements, achieving this requires librarians to primarily possess digital literacy.2. Literature ReviewGiven recent technological advancements, it has been established that primarily, librarians must possess digital literacy skills. On the other hand, previous research indicates that most managers believe a precise understanding of personality traits is crucial in management science because individuals' personality structures significantly influence their perception, evaluation, and response to the environment (Rostami et al., 2009). One of the most effective and comprehensive theories proposed regarding personality is the Five-Factor Model by Costa and McCrae (1992). According to this theory, the personality structure comprises hierarchical dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Conscientiousness, or Dutifulness, is at the highest level and can be broken down into lower-level facets or traits. Additionally, studies show that digital literacy skills correlate with various managerial dimensions, highlighting the significance of identifying the personality structure of human resources, particularly in organizations. According to White (2002), personality traits can be utilized to predict behaviors and job performance of individuals. Since public libraries are among the centers that, in comparison to other types of libraries, serve as crucial informational hubs to various segments of society, they are considered one of the most significant cultural bases. Therefore, in this regard, the personality of librarians can undoubtedly be influential. Their manner of interaction can play a pivotal role in attracting users to libraries. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between personality traits and digital literacy skills among librarians in public libraries of a practical nature, employing a survey method.3. MethodologyData collection involved using two questionnaires: the McCrae and Costa personality traits questionnaire and the digital literacy skills questionnaire. The statistical population of this research comprised 170 librarians from public libraries in Kermanshah province, with a sample size of 118, determined using Morgan's table. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the SPSS software.4. ResultsThe correlation coefficient between personality traits and digital literacy skills was positive and equal to 0.48, indicating a moderate correlation between these two variables. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between the personality traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness with digital literacy skills were positive, and based on the regression line slope in the scatterplot, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism had the greatest to least impact on this relationship, respectively.5. DiscussionThe results of the present study revealed that the most influential trait in digital literacy is neuroticism. Perhaps one of the major reasons for the significant relationship between neuroticism and digital literacy is the presence of strong and face-to-face interactions with visitors, high motivation, and attention to career advancement. It's possible that one of the reasons many librarians gravitate towards digital literacy skills is to find relief from obsessive thoughts, anxiety, and life stresses. Another reason could be that the virtual world serves as an escape for librarians from stress, fear, and life difficulties. Therefore, it can be said that personality traits, particularly neuroticism, predict librarians' use or non-use of digital literacy skills. Consequently, individuals high in neuroticism may be attracted to and develop a habit of acquiring digital literacy skills due to the presence of these traits and their inability to cope with such problems, seemingly helping them overcome feelings of loneliness, boredom, and inadequacy.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this research provide a clear representation of the relationship and role of librarians' personality traits in digital literacy skills. It is essential for librarians to become aware of their weaknesses in terms of digital literacy skills and take the initiative to enhance their knowledge in this area. Digital literacy skills undoubtedly assist librarians in this regard. If librarians lack sufficient digital literacy skills, they will not be able to provide better services to users based on modern search techniques and information retrieval methods.

1. IntroductionThe explosive growth of information and lack of structuring of information and the problems of information retrieval caused the emergence of the third generation of the web. The third generation of the web, which was called the semantic web, sought the connection between humans and computers and tried to make information understandable to machines. The Semantic Web, an extended version of the current Web, provides a standard structure for representing and reasoning with data. The semantic web is about sharing data and facts, not sharing the text of a page. The Semantic Web helps build the technology stack to support the "Web of Data" rather than the "Web of Document". The ultimate goal of the Web of Data is to enable computers to perform meaningful tasks and to develop systems that can support reliable network interactions (Patel & Sarika, 2021). Semantic web technologies can be used in various fields such as data integration, skill-finding, online think tanks, serving multimedia collections, and so on. Semantic web technologies can be used in various fields such as data integration, skill finding, online think tank, serving multimedia collections, and such things.It seems that the use of the semantic web in KM software will certainly be effective in providing useful information. In KM, various software appeared, which in the context of KM, play an important role in the field of registration, distribution and sharing, application and use of information and knowledge, automation of processes, reduction of costs of acquisition, creation, organization, and application of a large amount of information and knowledge without time and place restrictions for people in organizations and companies, and causes changes in the methods of production, transfer and use of knowledge in them and prevent the entry and exit of unrelated and repetitive information and knowledge and improper processing of information and knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the implementation of semantic web technology in KM software.2. Literature Review Over the past few decades, many technologies related to the Semantic Web have appeared or been developed. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which works intensively on semantic standards, has endorsed the Resource Definition Framework (RDF) and the OWL Web Ontology Language (OWL), which provide a solid foundation for building semantic enterprise applications and Moving the Semantic Web from the research level partially led to its becoming the industry standard needed to build next-generation applications (Tjoa et al., 2005).The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web that improves machine-human interaction by giving information clear meaning. The idea of the Semantic Web is to hand over most of the tasks and decision-making to machines. This is made possible by adding knowledge to web content through machine-understandable language and creating intelligent software agents that can process this information. The Semantic Web, on the other hand, consists of structured information and explicit metadata, paving the way for rapid access to information and semantic search capabilities (Hassanzadeh & Keyvanpour, 2012). The semantic web was first introduced in 1988 by Tim Bernersley, known as the father of the web. But its definition was officially presented including seven-layer architecture in 2001. These seven layers include (URL), XML, (RDF), (Ontology), (Proof Layer), (Logic Layer) and (Trust Layer) (Gerber, Barnard & Van der Merwe, 2007).The structure of the semantic web is a way of organizing data in a descriptive technology, RDF, which specifies data sources and their relationships, and identifies or names the resource's URAs, and OWL describes specifications. and data classes with a common language. Sparquel is a query language that searches RDF data. Another part of the Semantic Web is making sure that different databases use the same vocabulary to describe everything (Azimi & Rafieinasab, 2022).3. MethodologyThe current research is applied, using a survey method and a descriptive approach. The statistical population of the current research is three KM software, which includes Dana KM software, Nedak comprehensive KM system, and MTA share software, which were investigated and analyzed. The data collection tool was also a checklist using a yes/no scale. After collecting the data and in order to confirm that the criteria of the Semantic Web, the checklist (questionnaire) was provided to the experts, and using their opinion, the presence or absence of the application of the Semantic Web capabilities in the KM software was confirmed. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed in Excel software.4. ResultsTherefore, the present study shows that the architecture of semantic technology in all six layers (URL, XML, RDF, ontology, metadata, and logic) in all three software (Dana KM software, Nedak's comprehensive KM system, and MTA share software) is used and at a favorable level. But the semantic tools for searching and retrieving information in all three layers (ontology, RDF, metadata) in these types of software have not been used much and have not been paid attention to.5. ConclusionThe results show that it is necessary to pay more attention to the application of semantic technology architecture in the comprehensive KM system software of Nadak and MTA share and to use them in all the mentioned layers. It is also necessary to use semantic tools for searching and retrieving information in any software called Dana KM, Nedak Comprehensive KM System in all layers (ontology, RDF, and metadata). In the field of application of web technology architecture, Dana's KM software is at a favorable level compared to the other two software.

1. IntroductionResearch is one of the most important processes in scientific societies, and one of the main stages and foundations of any research is the investigation of the Literature Review. Literature review has a special value and place in research, and the value of literature review increases when the researcher analyzes it critically, because stating the shortcomings and merits of past researches informs the researchers to find out in which field more research is needed and what are the deficiencies in research; this work shows the skill of the researcher and his mastery over the investigated researches. The literature review is not only a summary of previous researches, but the review of sources requires a complete and systematic analysis of the strengths, shortcomings and inaccuracies of past researches, and a careful review of the sources can guide the researcher in the field of research.2. Literature ReviewThe results of the investigations show that, so far, inside and outside the country, no research has been done with a systematic review method with a critical analysis approach to collect sources on the topic of literature review; although Koreh-Paz (2016) has compared the literature review of two disciplines, a separate research, all the sources that have dealt with the issue of literature review in all disciplines have not been examined. Fatahi and Parirokh (1999), Karami (2017), Yahyavi (2015), Fit (2011), Nopf (2006), Winchester and Selji (2016) have taken steps to guide researchers in the field of literature review and also in research sources Hori (1997), Nariza et al (2014) have examined the year, topic relevance, sharing and quality of literature review.3. MethodologyThis research has collected studies and researches conducted in the field of literature review using a systematic review and a critical analysis approach, as well as a qualitative library-document method. In order to collect sources and select the appropriate source, the following steps were taken, which are as follows:1- Determining the purpose of the research: according to the topic of the research, i.e. literature review and critical analysis of sources, all the researches and studies that were related to the topic of literature review were examined.2- Searching for sources: in order to search for accurate sources related to the subject of research, considering that literature review is used in different disciplines and fields with different titles, first by checking in texts and books.3- Analysis of sources: After searching the databases, a total of 64 sources were retrieved in Persian and non-Persian databases. By reviewing the sources, 13 sources had duplicate titles, which were removed from the collection of reviews, and then by reviewing the full text of the remaining sources, 20 articles were identified as unrelated to the research topic, although the titles of the sources show thematic relevance, in the review of the text, it was found that they are unrelated, because some sources have chosen literature review in the title of the word review, but within the text, especially in non-Persian sources, they have not paid attention to the issue of literature review. After going through the above steps, a total of 31 sources (articles, books and theses) were examined.4- Extraction of thematic categories: after examining the full text of the selected sources, for its thematic classification, the most important topic that the source had examined from its own angle, the literature review, was placed as a category, meaning that the selected categories were extracted from the texts and based on the understanding and inference obtained from the sources, they were considered for this research, then according to the large number of categories extracted from the texts, categories were selected that had the highest frequency; in this way, the sources were divided into three categories, which are: 1- theoretical studies and guides (definition, importance, purpose and function) of literature review 2- evaluation criteria of literature review 3- criticality of literature review.4. ResultsThe result indicates that the literature review is divided into 4 categories as follows:1- Theoretical foundations and guidelines (definition, importance, purpose and function) of literature review: Most of the studies and researches that have been done in relation to the theoretical foundations of literature review are related to articles. The findings indicate that most of the studies intended to provide guidelines for the preparation of the literature review in addition to the importance and benefits of the literature review for researchers.2- Reviewing the criticality of the literature review:Table 2 shows that in the two studies that have been conducted in relation to critical analysis, although the basis of the research work was the critical analysis of the literature review, they did not criticize the sources as they should have, in the end, Korepaz's letter did not pay attention to the critical analysis of the literature review, and in the text of the literature review, he did not examine the literature with a critical approach, but besides this, Akindele's research examined the research with critical analysis, which he counted it as one of its merits.3- Literature review evaluation criteria:Most of the conducted researches have investigated the quality of the literature review, these researches take into consideration the criteria of the year, the structure of the literature review, the relevance of the topic, the impartiality of the researcher in the research work and information literacy education.5. DiscussionResearch is one of the important factors for the growth and success of societies, and researchers can be successful in conducting their research when they put the works and resources of the past at the forefront of their work. The review of the conducted researches and studies shows that most of the sources that have been written about the literature review have paid attention to the theoretical foundations of the literature review and it can be said that most of the researches have followed it. 6. ConclusionThe results of the findings indicate that in the category of theoretical foundations, one of the strong points of the researches is that they have explained the importance, benefits and functions of the background of the research in an understandable and expressive manner. Also, one of the weaknesses of these studies is that they have not explained exactly how the researcher can compile a research background, and the guidelines of these studies are mostly theoretical and have not considered the practical development of the research background. In the category of critical review of backgrounds, one of the advantages of the researches is to pay attention to the review of the researches with a critical approach, but these researches have only addressed the weak points of the researches in the review of the sources and the research itself. Also, he did not critically analyze the sources he used. In the category of research background evaluation criteria, the most important criteria proposed in the researches for research background evaluation are: year, research background structure, subject relevance, researcher's impartiality in research work and information literacy education. Also, one of the strengths of the researches in this category is the provision of instructions, providing guidelines and considering criteria for evaluating the quality of the research backgrounds, and the weaknesses are the lack of clarity and understanding of the considered criteria.

1. IntroductionOrganizations think about improving their KM (KM) system and their business performance, consequently. This advantage provides a clear understanding of how to create, develop and distribute knowledge through the organization. KM could bridge between different departments of the organization so that employees can use existing knowledge in the proper way (Kiklhorn et al., 2020). In the literature, different dimensions for KM have been introduced. In one definition, KM includes knowledge creation (Kusumastuti et al., 2021), knowledge sharing (Abbas and Sagsan, 2021), knowledge application (Sarboland and Nakhostin, 2014), knowledge distribution (Jasimuddin, 2007) and knowledge transfer (Oli and Dhanasekaran, 2021).Many researchers studied how KM practices facilitate innovation, and some studies argue that KM is an important precursor for organizational innovation. Despite the interest in KM and innovation, a few studies have been conducted in this field that relate KM practices to innovation at the business level, especially in developing countries (Ode & Ayavoo, 2020). While leadership researches have mainly focused on leadership styles and their relationship with explorative and exploitative innovation or specific KM incentives, this research focuses on the knowledge-oriented leadership style. Kelly emphasizes that it simultaneously supports both explorative (knowledge creation) and exploitative (knowledge accumulation, transfer and application) incentives. Therefore, the topics of this research show that this type of organizational leadership is necessary for organizations in the field of technology in order to improve innovation through effective development and implementation of KM incentives.2. Literature ReviewIn recent decades, several studies have investigated KM in organizations. Chaithanapat et al. (2022) investigated the relationships between knowledge-based leadership, customer KM, innovation quality and performance of SMEs in Thailand. Kusumastuti et al. (2021) investigated KM for natural disaster preparedness in Indonesia. Oli and Dhanasekaran (2021) studied the product service system, service quality and KM system in their study. Mikovic et al. (2020) addressed key challenges for development projects and international cooperation of non-profit organizations with social integration and KM. Anjaria (2020) investigated new perspectives for KM in learning organizations. In another study, Ode and Ayavoo (2020) investigated the mediating role of knowledge application in the relationship between KM practices and company innovation. Vaio et al. (2021) investigated the role of digital innovation in KM systems. Abbas and Sagsan (2019) examined the impact of KM practices on green innovation and sustainable development of organizations. Martins et al. (2019) examined the research gaps in terms of research themes, strategies, goals and approaches in SMEs companies. Among older researches, we can mention the study of Curado et al. (2017), Oliveira et al. (2015), Sáenz et al. (2012), Liu and Phillips (2011), etc.3. MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-correlational in terms of method, applied in terms of purpose, and field-type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the research includes all the public organizations of Guilan province (61 organizations), which were studied in the period of six months ending in September 2018. Due to the possibility of access to all the elements of the statistical population, all the organizations were examined, in such a way that the researcher went to each of the general offices, and the questionnaire was given to the head of the organization, the vice presidents and HR manager. In this procedure, 104 usable questionnaires were collected, and the average answers given in each organization were considered as one questionnaire. To answer the questions, a 5-point Likert scale from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (5), was used. Content validity was used to check the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate its reliability. Finally, SPSS software was applied to describe the research variables, and structural equation modeling method and PLS software were used to test the research hypotheses.4. ResultsThe results of the hypotheses test verified the significant impact of knowledge transfer on innovative performance (r = 0.63), knowledge application on innovative performance (r = 0.26) and knowledge creation on innovative performance (r = 0.21). The effect of knowledge accumulation on innovative performance is significant both through knowledge transfer and knowledge application. Finally, based on the findings, the effect of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge documentation (r=0.58), the effect of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge application (r=0.39) and the effect of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge creation (r=0.41) =) is significant. However, the effect of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge transfer is not significant.5. DiscussionInformation and communication technologies form a major part of knowledge accumulation procedures and facilitate the transfer of knowledge and its application in the organization. On the other hand, knowledge-oriented leadership has a positive significant relationship with KM procedures, knowledge documentation, knowledge application, and knowledge creation, however, the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and knowledge transfer was not found to be significant. Since knowledge-based leadership acts as the driving force of KM incentives, the leadership style has an indirect relationship with innovation. Especially, the higher the level of knowledge-based leadership in the company, the more developed KM procedures are, which in turn will positively affect innovation. Therefore, with the result of these four sub-hypotheses, except for the first one, they are in line with the results of the research.6. ConclusionUsing a combination of knowledge accumulation and transfer procedures, firms are able to increase the quality of their technological products. On the other hand, KM systems will be suitable for sharing and transferring knowledge when the company develops personalization policies and has adequate knowledge accumulation. Since the procedures of knowledge accumulation include storage, structuring or gathering of information, its effect on performance will be much more impressive when the members of the organization have specific goals. When the implementation of knowledge accumulation procedures is accompanied by knowledge transfer and application procedures, organizational innovation will be affected. In addition, the incentives for knowledge transfer or application will be more effective if it is accompanied by the proper knowledge collection and structuring in a database. Therefore, the transfer and application of knowledge will have a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge accumulation procedures and innovation.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank all of the experts who participated in this research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job performance among public librarians in Ilam province.Methodology: The methodology applied for this research was descriptive and correlational in nature, with data collected through survey methods. Utilizing the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire developed by Podsakoff et al. (1990) and the job performance questionnaire by Paterson (1970), the study focused on the librarians in Ilam province in 2023. With three predictor variables considered, a confidence level of 0.95, test power of 0.90, and G*Power software indicating a minimum required sample size of 99 individuals, a total of 103 participants were included in the analysis after accounting for an additional 5% sample volume.Findings: The findings revealed significant relationships between altruism and civil virtue among librarians, as well as associations between respect for librarians and their job performance. However, no significant correlations were found between conscientiousness or chivalry and job performance.Conclusion: In democratic systems, increasing attention is being placed on citizen participation. Active engagement from organizational members as good citizens is crucial for fostering positive behaviors within an organization. Recognizing organizational citizens as valuable resources, their behavior plays a key role in overall success. This study highlights the positive link between organizational citizenship behavior and librarian performance in Ilam province.Value: This study adds to the existing literature by examining the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on librarian job performance and underscores the importance of this relationship in enhancing professional performance. The results can offer valuable insights for cultural officials, public library managers, and policymakers seeking to motivate library staff effectively.

Purpose: The primary Purpose of this study is to explore the motivating factors behind students' utilization of the Iranian search engine "Parsijoo."Methodology: Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilized the phenomenological method. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with a sample of 16 eighth-grade female students from public schools in Tabriz city, selected using purposeful snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted using Glaser and Straus's coding method to ensure validity and reliability through frequent review and matching.Findings: The study revealed that students are drawn to using the "Parsijoo" search engine due to its ability to retrieve various types of documents, excellent performance in service delivery, and alignment with national culture.Conclusion: Students identified the extensive results provided by "Parsijoo," particularly in academic matters, as a key advantage. They also appreciated the engine's capability to efficiently retrieve all file types and present relevant outcomes. Furthermore, students highlighted the unique features and services offered by "Parsijoo" as contributing positively to their user experience.Value: Promoting education and awareness is crucial in encouraging students to engage with native search engines. To foster lasting usage among this demographic, ongoing evaluations must be conducted on these platforms based on practical experiences, case studies, and user feedback. Conducting qualitative studies like the one presented here can offer valuable insights for enhancing the effectiveness and quality of native search engines.