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Background and Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of death among women worldwide. Increase awareness, change the attitude and practice of women on breast cancer screening are effective way to reduce mortality due to early detection and treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of education on breast cancer screening by using WhatsApp platform among the staff of the Islamic Azad University of Hamadan. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 236 staffs in Islamic Azad University, Hamedan. Participants were randomized to either intervention group (118 staffs) or control group (118 staffs). One month’s education via WhatsApp was delivered to the intervention group. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and three months after intervention. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0, Chisquare, independent samples t-test and paired sample t-test were conducted in the course of the data analysis. Results: the results of this study showed; there were significant improvement in knowledge (p=0.02), attitude (p=0.01), breast self-examination practice (p=0.00), clinical breast examination practice (p=0.004) and mammography practice (p=0.03) after intervention. There were not significant changes in control group before and after intervention. Conclusion: Implementing educational intervention based on WhatsApp can improve knowledge, attitude and breast cancer screening among participants. A public health education program is essential to improve breast cancer prevention among different group of people in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the high prevalence of breast cancer in Iran and the importance of evaluation the attitude, behavior, and knowledge of women in the incidence of cancer screening, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the women's attitude, behavior, and knowledge about breast cancer screening. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 400 women aged >15 years who referred to Shiraz Imam Reza clinic in 2016. Data was collected by the questionnaire of individual characteristics and breast cancer screening. The data was described by the mean, standard deviation, and frequency. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ANOVA tests. P

Objective (s): Mammography is the most effective way for early detection of malignant breast masses. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a context-based measurement tool for assessing determinants of doing mammography through inductive approach. Methods: The present study was a sequential exploratory study. In the first phase the determinants of doing mammography were explored using the content analysis approach. The data were collected via 21 semi-structured interviews by 15 participants in Urmia, Iran. In the second phase the statements were formed based on the meaning units, which extracted from qualitative section. The validity of the instruments was assessed using face, content and constructs validity assessment methods. For evaluation of face validity, qualitative and quantitative (item impact score) methods were used. The content validity was assessed by 10 experts. The construct validity was calculated by exploratory factor analysis. The sample size was calculated by multiplying the number of items by five. Internal consistency, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of the instruments. Results: An instrument had 7 components and 34 statements. The components of the instrument included: beliefs, access, knowledge, action cues, emotions, self-care and life priorities. Seven components explained 57.28% of variance. The instrument was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbachchr('39')s α = 0.78) and adequate test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). Conclusion: The present instrument is a comprehensive measure related to determinants of doing mammography. It could help to determine factors influencing mammography and conduct interventions to improve women’s behavior for doing g mammography.

Background: Improvement of attitudes toward breast cancer positively affects the screening behaviors of women. Imagery has been shown to have a positive impact on the screening behaviors of women. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breast cancer screening training based on the systematic comprehensive health education and promotion (SHEP) model on the attitudes and breast self-examination skills of women. Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two urban healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2015. Participants were 120 women covered by these health centers, who received training on breast cancer screening based on the SHEP model. Intervention consisted of evaluation (literature review, topic selection), implementation (developing instruments, educator training, training of participants), and assessment (pretest-posttest). Data were collected using researcher-made questionnaires of attitude and breast self-examination (BSE) checklists. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: In the intervention and control groups, 55 (91.7%) and 56 (93.3%) participants were married, respectively. Results of Mann-Whitney U test before intervention showed no significant differences between the groups regarding the mean scores of attitude and breast self-examination skills (P>0.05). After a four-week follow-up, independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean score of attitude (P

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among Iranian women and mammography screening is of great assistance in its early diagnosis. This study was conducted to determine attitudinal barriers to mammography screening in women attending some of the clinics affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 900 women aged ≥40 referring to selected clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver.16 and P< 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results: Among the attitudinal barriers to mammography screening, 'having no symptoms of breast cancer' was reported as the greatest barrier (81.9%). Other barriers included 'lack of knowledge about breast cancer' (73.2%), 'lack of concern about breast cancer because of no family history' (71.8%), 'unnecessity of mammography' (62.3%), 'not concerned about health status' (27.4%), 'believe in fate' (24.8%) and 'no friends had mammograms' (17.6%). This study showed that attitudinal barriers are significantly correlated with age (P< 0.001), level of education (P= 0.023) and economic status (P= 0.006). Multiple regression analysis showed that age and economic status were highly correlated with attitudinal barriers. Conclusion: Regarding the attitudinal barriers of mammography screening, education and raising awareness about the importance of early detection of breast diseases is essential which could be done through screening programs especially mammography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]