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In this study, some physicochemical properties of apple powder produced by different drying methods were evaluated. In order to investigate the storage effect on the nutritional properties of apple powders, the samples were packed in a modified atmosphere and examined at intervals of 135 and 270 days. Apple slices were dried by freeze drying, microwave and oven drying methods as well as apple juice by spraying and foam mat drying methods. The results showed that the highest levels of vitamin C (ASA), flavonoid compounds (TF) and phenolic compounds (TP) were related to powders produced by freezing and spray drying, respectively. Minimal color changes compared to fresh samples were observed in powders produced with freeze and then microwave dryers. Packaging in the modified atmosphere resulted in a significant reduction in the degradation of ASA, TF and TP compared to the normal atmosphere during 270 days of storage. The results showed that the drying method had a significant effect on the properties of apple powder and among the studied methods, freeze-dried and sprayed drying were suitable for drying apples sliced and its juice, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the effect of different concentrations of three gas mixture (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), vacuum conditions and also ordinary conditions as control and flexible multi-layer films for extending shelf life of dried kashk at 20 °C were evaluated. Ordinary conditions as control packaging were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging: ((70% N2 + 30% CO2), (48% CO2 +48% N2 +4% O2), (30% N2 + 70% CO2)), and vacuum conditions, in this project. These samples, (Dried Kashk) were packaged in different flexible multi-layer films under modified atmosphere packaging, 3-layer {PET(12)/ AL(12) (100)},4-layer {PET(12)/AL(7) /PET(12)/LLD (100) } and 3- layer {PET(12)/AL(7)/LLD(100)}. Experiments were performed on samples as follows (total aerobics count, total anaerobic count, pH ،organoleptically evaluations, and analyzed by SPSS. The shelf life, dried kashk were reported in 4-layer, under conditions (70% CO2 + 30% N2 ) & (vacuum) & (48% CO2+ 48% N2+ 4% O2) 60, 55, 45 days in (30% CO2 + 70% N2 ) and in ordinary conditions were 40, 30 days, in 3 layer (AL:12), under conditions (70% CO2 + 30% N2 ) & (vacuum) & (48% CO2+ 48% N2+ 4% O2) 50, 45, 35 days and in (30% CO2 + 70% N2 ) and in ordinary conditions were about 30,25 days, with 3 layer (AL:7), under conditions (70% CO2 + 30% N2) & (vacuum) & (48% CO2+ 48% N2+ 4% O2) 40, 35, 30 days, in (30% CO2 + 70% N2 ) conditions 25 days and in ordinary condition were 20 days. Therefore, the useing of gas composition (30% nitrogen and 70% carbon dioxide) and packaging with 4-layers were used to maintain the long-term and antimicrobial properties of dried kashk and have a good effect on the amount of pH was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study investigated the use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to extend the shelf life of Iranian flat bread (Taftoon).Four treatments of atmospheres including 100% CO2, 70% CO2 – 30% N2, 30% CO2 – 70% N2, normal air and a coveraged samples as a control were used .The bread samples were packaged in pouches of polyamid / polyethilen (PA/PE).Results showed that it is possible to prolong the shelf life of breads to about 17 days by using modified atmosphere packaging with high carbon dioxide concentration and high-barrier laminated .However, significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained in the firmness of control bread compared to another treatment.In addition, firmness rate of breaniversityds packaged in normal air during storage was more than that compared to the samples stored in MAP, but there were not significant differences between samples packaged under atmospheres 100% CO2, 70% CO2 – 30% N2 and 30% CO2 – 70% N2.Modified atmosphere packaging extends shelf life of Taftoon as a flat bread and avoids mold growth in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is prone to contamination and spoilage due to its composition and production. Therefore, in order to extend its shelf life, the use of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds has always been the focus of researchers' attention.The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of edible chitosan (2%) coating containing Cuminum cyminum essential oil (1%) on the shelf-life of meat in modified atmosphere packaging at refrigerated storage. The meat samples were separated into three groups uncoated (control), treated with chitosan coated without Cuminum cyminum essential oil and immersed in chitosan coated with Cuminum cyminum essential oil. Then Samples were packed in MAP (80% O2 and 20% CO2) conditions and stored at 4°C up to 21 days and evaluated periodically (on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21) for microbiological (Total microbial counts, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.) and chemical (pH, TBA and TVN) characteristics. Microbial analysis indicated that coating had significant influence (p<0.001) on reduction of increasing trends of Total microbial counts, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.bacteria. From the aspects of chemical factors, the containing chitosan coating groups showed lower pH, TBA and TVN than those without coating. According to the results, chitosan coating significantly improved (P<0.05) quality of samples. This study also indicated that the effect of chitosan containing Cuminum cyminum essential oil on samples was to retain their good quality characteristics and extend the shelf life during refrigerated storage, which was supported by the results of microbiological, chemical, and sensorial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature, pH, salt, citrus aurantium L. and modified atmosphere packaging (50% carbon dioxide, 45% nitrogen and 5% oxygen) on control of Staphylococcus aurous in fish tofu of type. Descriptive-analytic study was carried out in the year of 2017-2018. In this research, pH was 5.5, 6 and 7.5, and temperature was 4, 25 and 37 ° C, salt at 0, 1.5 and 3%, and orange essential oil at 0.025 and 0.05% was considered. According to the results, it is found that the lower the pH of the tofu samples is lower, Staphylococcus aureus is more restricted. For example, at pH 5.5 with 0.025 and 0.05% of orange essential oil in tofu samples, bacteria did not grow, but at pH 6 and 7.5 there was no growth of bacteria and growth was more than usual. There was an enormous increase in Staphylococcus aurous at pH 7.5 with 1.5% salts and orange essential oil 0.025% at temperatures of 4, 25 and 37 ° C. Increasing temperature to 25 ° C and 37 ° C, as well as at pH 5.5, 6 and 7.5, the growth of Staphylococcus aurous in tofu fish has been increased. In this study, the essential oil of orange herb was stored at 0.05 % at 4 ° C, 3% salt and pH 5.5, to control the growth rate of Staphylococcus aurous in tofu fish for 8 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to measure sensory, chemical, microbial, freshness and shelf life of packaged Tilapia fillets by vacuum and modified atmosphere methods compared to fillets packaged by aerobic method at refrigeration. Methods: Treatments consisted of Tilapia fillets packaged by vacuum and modified atmosphere methods. The fillets packaged by aerobic method were as control samples. Findings: TVB-N, PV, TBARS, total bacterial count, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas bacteria, sensory parameters and freshness showed significant differences in experimental and control treatments (P<0.05). The studied factors did not show significant difference in modified atmosphere treatments compared to vacuum treatments (p> 0.05). Coliform, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria were not observed in experimental and control treatments. Sensory evaluation and frshness were better in modified atmosphere treatment compared to vacuum treatment (p> 0.05). Chemical, microbial, sensory factors and freshness had significantly different in the experimental treatments compared to the control sample (p<0.05). The experimental and control treatments had good quality during 14 and 6 days at refrigeration. Conclusion: Considering the absence of significant differences in microbial and chemical quality of experimental treatments and higher sensory evaluation and freshness of modified atmosphere treatment compared to other treatments, modified atmosphere packaging method is recommended for packing Tilapia fish fillet at refrigerator temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study effect of temperature, O2 concentration and storage time were investigated on respiration rate of uncoated and coated pear (Dargazi Cultivar) using Sclerorhachis platyrachis essential oil of 0, 125, 250, and 500 ppm. Mathematical model using Michaelis–Menten’s equation, with the model constants described by means of an Arrhenius-type relationship was applied to predict respiration rate at various temperatures (4, 10, and 25 ºC) and O2 concentrations to design modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of pear in order to extend its shelf-life. Results showed that all factors affected respiration rate of the pears but the influence of temperature was most pronounced. Increase in temperature led to increase of respiration rate and reduction of positive effect of essential oil on this parameter reduction. Moreover, after about 100 hours, respiration reached equilibrium. Respiratory quotient of Pears at 4 and 10 °C was on aerobic limit. However, at 25 °C, after 110 hours, and reaching CO2 to 23%, respiratory quotient passed the critical point. Finally, package containing 3.7% O2 + 8.1% CO2 + 88.2% N2 was suggested as an appropriate MAP for storing the pears (Dargazi cultivar). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study investigated the use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to extend the shelf life of two kinds of Iranian flat bread including Barbari and Sangak breads. Four treatments of atmospheres including 100% CO2, 70% CO2 -- 30% N2, 30% CO2 -- 70% N2, normal air and a coveraged samples as a control were used. The bread samples were packaged in pouches of polyamid / polyethilen (PA/PE). The shelf life was determined by appearance of molds and yeasts (M+Y) in bread samples stored at 25 ± 1°C. Sensory analysis of bread achieved with scoring method by trained panels. The textural properties of the breads were determined by Instron and DSC apparatuses. Results showed that it is possible to prolong the shelf life of breads to about 17 days by using modified atmosphere packaging with high carbon dioxide concentration and high-barrier laminated. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained in the firmness of control bread compared to another treatment. In addition, firmness rate of breads packaged in normal air during storage was more than that compared to the samples stored in MAP, but there were not significant differences between samples packaged under atmospheres 100% CO2, 70% CO2 -- 30% N2 and 30% CO2 -- 70% N2. Enthalpy changes had not a regular and documentary trend in breads during storage, when extent of staling and starch retrogradation measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),so this method was not suitable for evaluation of extent of staling in Barbari and sangak breads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]