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Undoubtedly, coherence is what gives a text its sense of unity and distinguishes it from writings that are dispersed. Its function is to connect two parts of a text and make them continuous so that the reader or listener can identify missing elements that are required for the text's interpretation. Reference, replacement, deletion, conjunctions or connections (for grammatical cohesion), and repetition and convergence (for lexical cohesion) are some examples of cohesion-enhancing methods. At various levels, the linguistic study can concentrate on written legal texts (letters, papers, invoices, and files) as well as spoken legal texts (such as courtroom talk). One of the transdisciplinary areas between linguistics and legal theory is legal linguistics, often known as forensic linguistics. Repetition is a linguistic property that may be used to measure text coherence. The current study looks into Persian legal bills' repeating patterns from a linguistic perspective. Linguists examine court evidence, records, offenders' specific terminology, speaking patterns, and writing styles in legal situations to provide expert opinions on the practical analysis of legal materials. The stylistic phenomenon of information repetition is one of the problems that is frequently found in legal documents, especially bills. 40 bills that were filed in court served as the source of the data, which was then qualitatively assessed. The examples reveal that there are two basic types of repetition in the printed language of the bills: repetition that is both unnecessary and beneficial. In the first group, the legal documents under discussion contain repetitive phrases and extraneous material that are regarded as filler. Two subclasses of grammatical and textual repeats make up the second group. The requirement of Persian language standards has led to the formation of required grammatical repeats, a repeat of the same term, a repeat of synonyms, a repetition of opposing words, a repetition of differentiation, and a repetition of emphasis are a few examples of contextual repetitions that vary based on the text and legal writing style. Rewriting the content, extending parallelisms, using various limitations, and not paying attention to punctuation, complicated phrases, and multipart verbs are only a few of the unique qualities of the writings under study. The motives for emphasis, the worry that one would forget the audience if one speaks for too long, and the need to retain the main points are all connected to the repetition of information in bills. Because of this, the repetition of information in these texts plays a useful and effective function and facilitates the communication of the core idea.

Background and Objectives: Narcotics addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychological disorder, which is associated with severe motivational disorders and loss of behavioural control. Addiction and abuse of narcotic substances have various predisposing factors in the areas of attitude, environment, and society. On the other hand, previous researches have shown that addiction causes transformation in the perception of social issues and type of attitude toward this problem. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abuse of narcotic substances and psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept in the addicts. Methods: This research was a correlational study. Statistical population included individuals covered by addiction withdrawal centers of Qom city, who were selected (250 subjects) by convenience sampling. Data collection was performed using drug screening, self-concept, psychological obstinacy and quality of life questionnaires. To analyse the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests, were used. Results: There was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 level, between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy (-0.531). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and quality of life (0.285). Also, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and self-concept (-0.475). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is significant correlation (in 0.05 levels) between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy, life quality, and self-concept, and individuals with higher narcotic abuse have lower psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept.

Background and Objectives: Narcotics addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychological disorder, which is associated with severe motivational disorders and loss of behavioural control. Addiction and abuse of narcotic substances have various predisposing factors in the areas of attitude, environment, and society. On the other hand, previous researches have shown that addiction causes transformation in the perception of social issues and type of attitude toward this problem. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abuse of narcotic substances and psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept in the addicts. Methods: This research was a correlational study. Statistical population included individuals covered by addiction withdrawal centers of Qom city, who were selected (250 subjects) by convenience sampling. Data collection was performed using drug screening, self-concept, psychological obstinacy and quality of life questionnaires. To analyse the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests, were used. Results: There was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 level, between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy (-0.531). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and quality of life (0.285). Also, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and self-concept (-0.475). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is significant correlation (in 0.05 levels) between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy, life quality, and self-concept, and individuals with higher narcotic abuse have lower psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept.

In recent years, in order to revive the Urmia lake and preventing the negative environmental impacts, the water transfer project from Zab River to Urmia Lake has being studied and implemented. In this paper, it is tried to assess the possibility of morphological changes of Zab River due to implement of project at the downstream of Kanisev dam. The research method is mainly analytical method.The data of this study include Geological map of 1/100000 scale, areal photographs, LANDSAT 8 (ETM sensor) satellite imagery, GDEM images of ASTER with resolution of 15 meter, meteorological data and hydrological surface water of the under study area. The data were collected using libraries and referred to agencies and organizations, web sites and field surveys.Results showed that after water impoundment of Kanisev dam and transferring water to Urmia Lake, the average of the Zab River discharge in the hydrometric station of Grzhal will decrease from 1464.72 to 653.42 million cubic meters per year and the bed river at downstream will decrease drastically. So that in September and October. Zab bed river from dam wall to the Abkhorah tributary will be dried approximately. The decline of flow will cause changes of the morphological indexes such as cross-section and longitudinal-section and hydrological features similar to depth and velocity of flow. With reduction of discharge at the downstream of Kanisev dam, at A section, the flow of river will pass of the deepest bed river in which new terraces, narrowing cross-section, remove the side vegetation or retreat to far from will occur. At B section, the power of flow will focus toward the side of the river and also cut-off them, finally lead to fill the pothole using deposition. At the last section, C, with increasing distance from Kanisev dam and enhance sediment load rather than transport capacity, both depth and width of the bed river due to creation the point bars along flow and sedimentation at the sides will decrease.