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Salep composite films containing 0±30% (w/w) oleic acid or stearic acid - were prepared through emulsification and their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties were evaluated and compared. Emulsified films were softer than pure films. Addition of the fatty acids to salep films significantly improved the WVP (P<0.05), but lowered the tensile strength. Stearic acid was more effective than oleic acid in reducing the WVP, but films with oleic acid showed better mechanical properties overall than those with stearic acid. Also the presence of fatty acids decreased solubility in water and caused the films to become opaque. On the other, fatty acids showed different effects on the elongation at break. This work showed that when taking all the studied variables into account, films formulated with oleic acid were found most suitable for various food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main target of this research is drying raspberries in a Microwave assisted fluidized bed dryer. In order to evaluate and predict the quality properties of this fruit, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. In this research, the effects of five variables: power of microwave (0, 300 and 600 W), temperature (55, 70 and 85 C), air flow rate (15, 20 and 25 m/s), starting time of microwave input (from the moment when the moisture content decreased until 334, 400 and 466 g water per 100 g dry matter) and amount of material (50, 100 and 150 g) on the rehydration capacity and loss of anthocyanins content were studied. Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design with these five factors each at three different levels, including central and axial points. With respect to the dependent variables, both linear and quadratic effects of all of the five independent variables on Rehydration Capacity and loss of anthocyanins content were found to be significant. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. According to our results, the optimal point for both characteristics were as follows: microwave power 600 W, temperature 74 , the air flow rate 3/22 meters per second and 53 grams of the substance, starting from the moment the microwave 466 percent moisture content was reduced. Model to predict the dependent variables with empirical results obtained were very close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of some processing parameters on drying yield, moisture content, solubility and bulk density of spray dried cornelian cherry (Cournus mas L.) juice powders were investigated. A pilot-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray drying process and maltodextrin and gum Arabic were used as carrier agent. Experimental design involved the use of Box-behnken design and response surface statistical method. Independent variables were inlet air temperature (110, 140, and 170 C), concentration of drying aids (0, 7.5, and 15 %) and feed flow rate (6, 9, and 12 %). Results show that increasing in concentration of drying aids, increases drying yield and the solubility and reduces the moisture content and bulk density of powder; also increasing in inlet air temperature, increases drying yield and reduce solubility, moisture content and bulk density of powder. Optimization carried out using response surface methodology and optimum conditions were inlet air temperature of 140 oC, maltodextrin concentration of 7% and feed flow rate of 9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]